Environmental Anthropology eJournal最新文献

{"title":"An Evaluation of Factors Affecting Pulses Production and Consumption in Bihar","authors":"Krishna M. Singh, Amlendu Kumar","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2780104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2780104","url":null,"abstract":"Pulses are nature’s precious gift to mankind as it supplements nutritional (protein) requirements of humans, feed to cattle, and nitrogen to the soil. Pulses are extensively grown world over and India ranks second in pulses production. State of Bihar contributes about 2.35 percent of area and 3.06 percent of production of the country, which is about 7-8 percent of the gross cropped area in the state. The productivity of pulses in Bihar ranged between 819 kg/ha in 2000-01 to 897 kg/ha in 2013-14. Pulses are mostly grown under rainfed conditions, on marginal lands, with poor level of input use which has resulted in low productivity and production. The study examines the trends of pulses production and consumption in Bihar. Findings reveal that an increase of 54.68 percent of production in triennium ending 2001-03 to 2012-14. The per capita availability of pulses is still 600 gram to 700 gram per capita per month which is very low compared to recommended levels. The Rabi pulses in the state shows a dominant role in the production. Due to urbanization, shift in dietary pattern, increase in income level, changes in tastes & preferences of consumer, the demand and consumption of pulses show an increasing trend. However, an abnormal increase in retail price of pulses restricts the consumption by low income group population. The study suggests various measures for improvement of pulses production as well as consumption level in the state through serious efforts by different stake holders who are involved in production, marketing and price determination of pulses.","PeriodicalId":157380,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Anthropology eJournal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126334703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Customer Perceived Value on Tourist Satisfaction and Revisit Intention: A Study on Guesthouses in Maldives","authors":"Nishan, Zubair Hassan","doi":"10.24924/IJABM/2016.04/V4.ISS1/98.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24924/IJABM/2016.04/V4.ISS1/98.119","url":null,"abstract":"This study attempts to examine the customer perceived value associated with guesthouse services in tourism in local islands of Maldives. Also this study attempts to examine the relationship associated between CPV, tourist satisfaction and revisit intention. The study has been conducted on the Island of Maafushi, Maldives. Based on literature, a questionnaire was developed based on Seth, Newman and Gross (1991) Consumption Value Framework and sub variables are selected using past literature. Questionnaire was distributed among the tourist stayed in the guesthouses. The questionnaire consisted of 2 dependent variables (Satisfaction and Revisit Intention) measured the direct impact from the 5 variables and satisfaction to revisit intention. The 5 independent variables (functional value, emotional value, epistemic value, social value and conditional value) measured the direct influence and mediating effect on customer satisfaction and revisit intention. The Likert Scale (Disagree -1 and 5 for Agree) was used to answer the questionnaire consisting of 35 questions. 263 questionnaires were being distributed using convenient sampling method and a sample of 203 tourists was used in this study. Confirmatory factor analysis and followed by Structural Equation Modelling was conducted using AMOS 22 to analyse the impact of CPV on satisfaction and revisit intentions. The findings shows that only functional and emotional values have a positive and significant impact on tourist satisfaction. Social Value is the only CPV that has a positive and significant impact on Tourist intention to revisit. We found tourist satisfaction has direct positive and significant influence on their intention to revisit. The effect on revisit intention is directly mediated by satisfaction and social value while social value and satisfaction indirectly mediate revisit intention. Therefore it is important that the island council and the managements of guesthouses work together and resolve the issues that affect customer satisfaction and also to educate the locals of the importance of tourism in the island which supports the island economy. Future research may be focused on some other islands providing guest house tourism to confirm and generalise the findings throughout the country","PeriodicalId":157380,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Anthropology eJournal","volume":"355 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115422190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empirically-Constrained Climate Sensitivity and the Social Cost of Carbon","authors":"Kevin D. Dayaratna, R. McKitrick, D. Kreutzer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2759505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2759505","url":null,"abstract":"Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) require parameterization of both economic and climatic processes. The latter includes Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity (ECS), or the temperature response to doubling CO2 levels, and Ocean Heat Uptake (OHU) efficiency. ECS distributions in IAMs have been drawn from climate model runs that lack an empirical basis,and in Monte Carlo experiments may not be constrained to consistent OHU values. EmpiricalECS estimates are now available, but have not yet been applied in IAMs. We incorporate a new estimate of the ECS distribution conditioned on observed OHU efficiency into two widely-used IAMs. The resulting Social Cost of Carbon (SCC) estimates are much lower than those from models based on simulated parameters. In the DICE model the average SCC falls by 30-50% depending on the discount rate, while in the FUND model the average SCC falls by over 80%. The span of estimates across discount rates also shrinks substantially","PeriodicalId":157380,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Anthropology eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116318265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Climate Challenge for Agriculture and the Value of Climate Services: Application to Coffee-Farming in Peru","authors":"F. Lechthaler, A. Vinogradova","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2717416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2717416","url":null,"abstract":"The use of climate information in economic activities, typically provided by climate services, may serve as a possible adaptation strategy to changing climate conditions. The present paper analyzes the value of climate services which are aimed at improving agricultural productivity through a reduction in weather-associated risks. The first part provides a theoretical foundation for estimating the value of climate services based on a stochastic life-cycle model of a rural household which faces uncertainty with respect to the timing and the size of an adverse weather shock. We subsequently calibrate the model to match the environment of coffee producers in the Cusco region of Peru and provide a range of estimates for the value of climate services for a single average household, the region, and the country as a whole. In the second part of the paper we use empirical data to corroborate the numerical estimates. We assess the value of climate services in the agricultural sector in Cusco based on a choice experiment approach. Data are analyzed using a standard as well as a random parameter logit model allowing for preference heterogeneity. Farmers show a significant willingness-to-pay for enhanced climate services which is particularly related to the service accuracy and geographic resolution. On average, the yearly value of a climate service in the coffee sector is found to be $21 per ha and $8.2 million for Peru as a whole.","PeriodicalId":157380,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Anthropology eJournal","volume":"89 1-2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131676169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ley de Energía para el Campo: análisis de incentivos y propuestas de reforma (\"Energy Act for Rural Areas: Analysis of Incentives and Proposals for Amendment\")","authors":"Jorge L. Andere","doi":"10.33937/reveco.2016.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33937/reveco.2016.61","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Spanish Abstract:</b> Se presenta un análisis económico de la Ley de energía para el campo, (LEC) que examina cómo su diseño afecta los mercados y crea una estructura de información que favorece la extracción de rentas. Mediante modelos sencillos de equilibrio parcial y de agente-principal se muestra que las tarifas de estímulo para bombeo agrícola distorsionan las relaciones de producción en el campo mexicano y que, lejos de favorecer la productividad, incrementan artificialmente la demanda de energía y la sobreexplotación de acuíferos. Se proponen tres opciones de reforma que mejorarían la eficiencia y disminuirían la extracción de rentas.<br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> This paper presents an economic analysis of the Energy Act for Rural Areas (LEC) in order to examine how its design affects the markets and create an informational structure which favors rent-seeking activities. It is shown through simple models of partial equilibrium and agent-principal that stimulus tariffs of agricultural bombing distort Mexican land production relations and, in place of favoring productivity, stimulate both artificial increases in agricultural energy demand as aquifer overexploitation. Three options for amendment that would improve efficiency and decrease rent-seeking behavior are proposed.","PeriodicalId":157380,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Anthropology eJournal","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123562104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motivations to Grow Energy Crops: The Role of Crop and Contract Attributes","authors":"M. Khanna, J. Louviere, Xi Yang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2710154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2710154","url":null,"abstract":"Perennial energy crops are a promising source of bioenergy whose production involves production risks, long term commitment of land and need for crop-specific investments without the coverage of crop insurance potentially available for conventional crops. We conduct a choice experiment in five states in the Midwestern and South-central regions of the US to examine the effect of crop-contract attributes on the joint discrete-continuous choice decisions to adopt an energy crop and convert acres to it from a status quo use, while controlling for the effect of various farmers’ risk and time preferences, socio-demographic characteristics, and availability of crop insurance for conventional crops. We find robust evidence that high discount rates, high upfront establishment costs and need for crop-specific investments create disincentives for adoption and allocation of land to energy crop production. The effects of riskiness of returns and risk aversion are less robust across specifications. The effect of conventional crop insurance on the energy crop adoption decision differs across types of insurance; in particular, farmers with revenue insurance are statistically significantly less likely to adopt an energy crop. Our results have implications for the design of effective contracts and policy incentives to induce the production of energy crops.","PeriodicalId":157380,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Anthropology eJournal","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129914178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Razvijenost ruralnog turizma u Republici Srbiji (Development of Rural Tourism in the Republic of Serbia)","authors":"Marko Gašić, G. Perić, V. Ivanović","doi":"10.5937/BIZINFO1502071G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/BIZINFO1502071G","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism is at milestone stage of development. The mass, the existence of a large number of competitors and the market saturation is increasingly replaced by personalization, special interests and a significant concentration on non-standard tourism products. Unique tourism products (among which stands out the rural tourism product) have become highly appreciated by tourists who want to escape from uniformity offered by globalization and contemporary life in urban city centers. Therefore, in a number of countries, considerable attention is paid to rural tourism which recorded a constant growth rate of tourism demand and constitutes one of the important components of the development of not only tourism, but also rural areas in general. In Republic of Serbia, it is still not carried out adequate possibilities at its disposal. The subject of this paper is to present the historical development of rural tourism in our country, analyzing the material base and tourist traffic, as well as limiting factors preventing dynamic development of this economic activity.","PeriodicalId":157380,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Anthropology eJournal","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126984560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Of Minds, Morals, and Methods: Combining Moral Meteorology and Disaster Relief in Historiography of China’s Disaster Management","authors":"W. Lim","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3526648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3526648","url":null,"abstract":"In this working paper, I argue that disaster management in high Qing period can be better understood by simultaneously considering the historiographies of how governing elites understood disasters at the metaphysical level and the administration of disaster relief. During High Qing late imperial China, the regime encountered rapid changes in population, economy, and environment. Following how environmental historian Mark Elvin describes the prevalent ideology that guided Chinese governing elites on implicating human conduct with the manifestation of disasters as “moral meteorology”, I link it to the granary system so as to underscore how these two related but separate streams of historiographical work are inextricably related. I further discuss the role of ever-normal granary (changping cang, 常平仓) in disaster relief administration, nothing how its purpose went beyond solely grain provision in the wake of disasters. In the paper, I also point out that the multipurpose granary system, with its intensive demands for resources and attention, finally collapsed by the mid-nineteenth century. Finally, I propose that the approach of combining intellectual and administrative historiographies offer a useful general framework to examine the historiography of disaster management beyond the high Qing period or imperial China.","PeriodicalId":157380,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Anthropology eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130074424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiling Bicycle Tourists: A Case of Croatia","authors":"N. Kovačić","doi":"10.20867/THM.21.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20867/THM.21.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The purpose of the primary research is to gather information about the behaviour of bicycle tourism demand. Primarily by studying domestic bicycle tourists, the research results were expected to provide valuable market parameters, comparable with the determinants of previous relevant studies. Design and Methodology – Research was carried out by surveying different segments of bicyclists, recognized in earlier conceptual contributions. Electronic data collection techniques were applied. The online questionnaire was distributed to chosen respondents in the form of the link included in a personal message on a certain social network. A personal approach ensured a high response rate. The nature of research design resulted in a descriptive research, although some of its characteristics could be considered as exploratory. Findings – This paper is the first attempt to study the Croatian segment of the bicycle tourism demand. As far as the attributes common to both national and international research are concerned, it is possible to argue the similarities and differences of demand profiles. Value – Until there is a uniform approach to monitoring the phenomenon at the European level, the profiling of demand in bicycle tourism makes it possible to compare the specific findings with current trends. This research applies a somewhat different perspective than the existing ones – enabling more insight into the cycling-related behaviour in the home area and on vacation. As part of the international demand for bicycle tourism, knowledge about the behaviour of one particular national market contributes to the general state of the research.","PeriodicalId":157380,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Anthropology eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116658997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Energy Strategy for Canada","authors":"M. Moore","doi":"10.11575/SPPP.V8I0.42540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11575/SPPP.V8I0.42540","url":null,"abstract":"Canada is struggling to fully develop, sell and move its energy resources. This is a dramatic change from the recent past where the U.S. has provided stable growth in demand for energy supplied by the provinces, from hydrocarbons to electricity. Current circumstances now challenge this relationship, adding environmental, policy and economic hurdles that exacerbate the impact of fluctuations in world demand and pricing. In addition, competitive interaction between provinces, aboriginal land owners and special interest groups complicate and compound the issues of royalty returns, regulatory authority and direction, land-use management and long-term market opportunities for Canadian companies. There is no strategic document guiding the country’s energy future. As the steward of one of the largest, most diverse and valuable energy \"banks\" in the world, Canada has a unique opportunity to exploit a critical and valuable economic niche in the world economy. Given the lack of federal leadership and the tendency for each province to undercut each other in the same marketplace, there is also the distinct possibility the nation will squander the opportunity. This document offers the rationale for a comprehensive energy strategy, literally a vision where Canada can lead and not follow opportunities in energy markets. This strategic approach to energy systems by definition will include transportation, housing, employment and financial markets. It is not a plan, not a foil for tax or policy guidance in one or more sectors. This strategy is a fundamental rail on which plans, tactics and policies can be built. This vision identifies how the provinces can work together using all the tools available to them, maximizing long-term resource development while minimizing environmental damage. This document assumes there can be a broad commitment and effort by the federal government to help build those tools, providing guidance and assistance where needed without obstructing or denying the fundaments of the Canadian Constitution, First Nations people, and the role of provinces in managing the resources within their borders. This recommended energy strategy highlights changes occurring in world markets that threaten successful, coherent energy policy development in the absence of a unifying strategy. This strategy highlights the need to look ahead, understand these changes, and create adaptive, unifying processes that will provide longterm economic and geopolitical stability using energy as the common denominator for Canada's future.","PeriodicalId":157380,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Anthropology eJournal","volume":"73 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134098546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}