Environmental Anthropology eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Interpretation in Historic Gardens: English Heritage Perspective","authors":"D. Hristov, Nikola Naumov, P. Petrova","doi":"10.1108/TR-04-2017-0067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-04-2017-0067","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000This paper aims to provide an exploratory investigation into contemporary interpretation methods used in historic gardens and their fundamental role in enhancing the visitor experience and sense of a place. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Design/methodology/approach \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000A series of semi-structured interviews (n = 65) with Wrest Park visitors – who had the opportunity to experience new interpretation methods provided on-site – have been carried out in an attempt to explore their sense of place through interpretation. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Findings \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000The research suggests that interpretation has a fundamental role to play in “telling the story” of historic gardens, with 92.5 per cent of the sample understanding elements of the place’s history, significance and evolution. The findings further suggest the presence of two distinct visitor typologies – history explorers and leisure seekers. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Practical implications \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000The study provides implications for theory and practice and recommendations for historic garden practitioners. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Originality/value \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000The importance of conceptualising and operationalising interpretation in historic gardens has received relatively little attention across the extant body of heritage interpretation literature. English Heritage’s Wrest Park, which is amongst England’s most prominent historic gardens, is used as a case study.","PeriodicalId":157380,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Anthropology eJournal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128525305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subsidies and Biogas Plant Installations in Kenya: A Case Study of the ABPP","authors":"S. Mailu, Kevin Kinusu, L. Muhammad","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3149957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3149957","url":null,"abstract":"Biogas installations on smallholder farms can be seen as one of the limited methods of climate change mitigation from a developing county perspective. Through the Africa Biogas Partnership Programme, over 11,000 plants were installed, thanks to subsidies in the form of financial assistance to offset part of installation costs. After a short review of the literature surrounding subsidies in the domestic biogas sector, the paper investigates whether subsidy incentives are effective in increasing the installation of biogas digesters. Using a panel dataset from 42 counties in Kenya, a spatially explicit tobit model is used to derive estimates of the effect of the subsidies on installations. These results suggest that subsidies do play a major role in encouraging installations and the results further point to a significant positive relationship between the number of technicians, past performance, water availability and herd sizes and installations indicating the importance of these variables as predictors of installations. A 10% increase in subsidies is associated with a 5% increase in installed volume.","PeriodicalId":157380,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Anthropology eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133193992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multicriteria Decision Aid for Evaluating the Competitiveness of Tourist Destinations in the Northwest of Mexico","authors":"Martín León Santiesteban, J. C. Lopez","doi":"10.18601/01207555.N21.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18601/01207555.N21.03","url":null,"abstract":"This work deals with the problem of comparing the competitiveness of tourist destinations as a multicriteria ranking problem. Comparing tourist destinations is a complex problema because they present wide heterogeneity between them. The Crounch-Ritchie model is used as the main approach for analyzing tourist the competitiveness of tourist destinations. Thereby, we structure the problem as a multicriteria ranking problem for comparing and ranking the destinations with highest competitiveness as the preference direction. For this project, we use the main tourist destinations in the Northwest of Mexico as case study. The ranking of tourist destination is based in their competitiveness, however with the multicriteria analysis proposed, it is possible to use any particular group of the attributes to choose a coherent family of criteria. This process is performed in two steps, the first one uses the ELECTRE III method to construct a valued outranking relation and the second one, a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm for exploiting those relations, and generate the ranking of destinations.","PeriodicalId":157380,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Anthropology eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129920029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does High-Speed Rail Increase the Urban Land Price in China: Empirical Evidence Based on Micro Land Transaction Data","authors":"Yulong Zhou, Jidong Yang, G. Hewings, Yanghua Huang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3082657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3082657","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the impact of high-speed rail (HSR) on the urban land price in China. The empirical results show that the average land price increases between 7 and 9 per cent when HSR is introduced, while the influence varies by land use types. The price of residential and commercial land is found to increase by 30 and 16 percent respectively, whereas price of industrial land is found to decrease by 30 percent, ceteris paribus. The evidence also confirms that local governments fiscal revenue greatly expands due to the induced land transactions as a result of HSR development.","PeriodicalId":157380,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Anthropology eJournal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125167776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking Social and Ecological Sustainability: An Analysis of Livelihoods and the Changing Natural Resources in the Middle Zambezi Biosphere Reserve","authors":"A. Mbereko, O. Kupika, E. Gandiwa","doi":"10.5947/JEOD.2017.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5947/JEOD.2017.004","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we aim to explore community livelihoods and conservation issues surrounding natural resources that are utilised by resettled farmers within the Middle Zambezi Biosphere Reserve, Zimbabwe. Data collection was done in two phases. During the first phase undertaken in 2011, we administered household interviews, held focus group discussions (FGDs) and conducted in-depth interviews. The second phase, conducted in 2015, used FGDs and key informant interviews to gather data on changes in livelihoods and natural resources. Findings indicated limited options of social, human and financial capital. However, diverse livelihoods strategies are pursued in order to minimize the risk of biodiversity degradation. Structural factors that can contribute to cause biodiversity degradation include the failure of the CAMPFIRE Programme; natural resources governance flaws; contests over space and power, and weak policing by institutions devoted to the protection of natural resources. In conclusion, the authors observe how the institutions involved in the management of the protected natural area fail to promote the participation of the local community in the decision-making processes, thus limiting the potential benefits of the designation of the Middle Zambezi Biosphere Reserve.","PeriodicalId":157380,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Anthropology eJournal","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127274204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tourism Supply and Demand","authors":"M. Camilleri","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-49849-2_8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49849-2_8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":157380,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Anthropology eJournal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121120789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unforeseen Land Uses: The Effect of Marijuana Legalization on Land Conservation Programs","authors":"Jessica Owley","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3025416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3025416","url":null,"abstract":"This Article explores the tension between land conservation and marijuana cultivation in the context of legalization. The legalization of marijuana has the potential to shift the locations of marijuana cultivation. Where cultivation need no longer be surreptitious and clandestine, growers may begin to explore sanctioned growing sites and methods. Thus, the shift to legalization may be accompanied by environmental and land-use implications. Investigating commercial-scale marijuana cultivation, this Article details how, in some ways, legalization can reduce environmental impacts of marijuana cultivation while also examining tricky issues regarding tensions between protected lands and marijuana cultivation. If we treat cultivation of marijuana the same as we treat cultivation of other agricultural crops, we gain stricter regulation of the growing process, including limits on pesticide usage, water pollution, wetland conversion, air pollution, and local land-use laws. Thus, legalization of marijuana should yield environmental benefits. And yet the story is, of course, more complicated than that. The strange status of marijuana as both a federally impermissible use and a stigmatized crop suggests that it will not fall under the same legal regimes as other agricultural products. In the realm of protected agricultural and conservation lands, a particular concern arises for land trusts grappling with proposals for marijuana cultivation. Where landowners receive federal tax benefits or land trusts rely upon federal laws for funding and legitimacy, the decision to grow marijuana on the land could have significant consequences. The Article reaches two main conclusions. First, in the absence of federal regulations, subnational governments should create and implement environmental and land-use regulations governing the cultivation of marijuana to ensure that legal grows do not continue the harmful practices involved with black market marijuana. Second, land trusts and agricultural protection organizations should not become involved with marijuana cultivation in any form while it remains illegal at the federal level. To do so puts both the land and their operations at risk.","PeriodicalId":157380,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Anthropology eJournal","volume":"501 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116491851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of CBOs in Resilience Building: Good Practices and Challenges","authors":"T. Haokip","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3019544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3019544","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the role of community based organisations in resilience building within the North Eastern States of India. There is a plethora of indigenous practices and value systems in the largely egalitarian societies of the North East that help them in facing disasters without much assistance from the state.","PeriodicalId":157380,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Anthropology eJournal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131405636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tourism Research, for What?","authors":"M. Korstanje","doi":"10.18601/01207555.N20.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18601/01207555.N20.04","url":null,"abstract":"While tourism scholars have struggled over decades to establish tourism as a valid academic discipline, it’s no less true that social scientists have developed a negative image of our colleagues. This in fact happens because for social imaginary leisure and tourism are naive activities, or practices enrooted in an alienatory nature. Paradoxically, many of founding parents of sociology of tourism was embraced this belief, the advance of modernity, as well as tourism, will disorganize the social ties. In this essay review, we place the French Tradition under the critical lens of scrutiny revealing alternatives in tourism epistemology between tourism as a profit-oriented industry and as a mechanism of discipline.","PeriodicalId":157380,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Anthropology eJournal","volume":" 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113949989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Extent and Impact of Illicit Financial Flows in the Wildlife and Tourism Economic Sectors in Southern Africa","authors":"Rowan B. Martin, D. Stiles","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2996874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2996874","url":null,"abstract":"This study on Illicit Financial Flows (IFFs) in the Wildlife and Tourism sectors in Southern Africa emanated from the TrustAfrica (TA) and the Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa (OSISA) project “Assessing the extent and impact of illicit financial flows in key economic sectors in Southern Africa”. The three components of the project are mining, agriculture and wildlife. \u0000IFFs are illicit movements from one country to another of money or products that are illegally acquired. The money typically originates from three sources in the private sector: commercial tax evasion, trade misinvoicing and abusive transfer pricing. However, other types of criminal activity can produce IFFs, which in this study include the trafficking of live animals and plants and their products and associated corruption (bribery and theft by corrupt government officials) through which the proceeds end up in another country. \u0000This wildlife trade and tourism IFF study is the first of its kind and the methodologies involved a combination of population modelling, estimated product offtakes and open source trade data. The trade research is limited to eight species groups – elephants, rhinos, lions, pangolins, crocodiles, abalone, sharks and rays, and cycads. The study concluded that for the period 2006-2014, Southern Africa lost almost US$ 1.5 billion in illicit transfers of funds or products overseas, or close to 50% of all wildlife commodity exports. Surprisingly, illegal exports of abalone meat made up almost half of this amount. \u0000The IFFs in the wildlife tourism sector were much larger, estimated at over US$ 22 billion in the ten years 2006-2015, and deriving mainly from tax evasion and trade misinvoicing, sometimes involving offshore shell companies. We predicted that more than US$3 billion could have been lost in 2016 in the eight countries covered in this study. \u0000The main causes of the huge losses to the economies of Southern Africa in wildlife trade were CITES trade bans and the fact that local communities were not empowered to manage what should rightfully be their resources on their land. Trade bans and disenfranchisement led communities to harvest illegally and to sell wildlife products to illegal exporters. The only way to mitigate these losses would be to do away with trade bans, bring most species into the legal sector, and establish supply and demand regulatory systems that would ensure conservation of the species while also satisfying legitimate stakeholder interests, primarily those of communities and enterprises that live in association with the wildlife and which share common habitats.","PeriodicalId":157380,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Anthropology eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131272132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}