Journal of Evidence-based Integrative Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Quantitative Phytochemical Profile and <i>In Vitro</i> Antioxidant Properties of Ethyl Acetate Extracts of <i>Xerophyta spekei</i> (Baker) and <i>Grewia tembensis</i> (Fresen).","authors":"Paul Nyalo,&nbsp;George Omwenga,&nbsp;Mathew Ngugi","doi":"10.1177/2515690X231165096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2515690X231165096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Overproduction of free radicals in excess of antioxidants leads to oxidative stress which can cause harm to the body. Conventional antioxidants have drawbacks and are believed to be carcinogenic. The present study seeked to confirm folklore use and validate the antioxidant potentials of <i>Grewia tembensis</i> and <i>Xerophyta spekei</i> which have been widely used in the Mbeere community as medicinal plants. Antioxidant properties were determined through scavenging effects of diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide radicals as well as iron chelating effects. The data obtained was assayed in comparison to the standards (Ascorbic acid and EDTA). Ascorbic acid had a significantly greater DPPH radical scavenging property with an inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) value of 20.54 ± 2.24 µg/mL in comparison to the plant extracts, which had IC₅₀ values of 33.00 ± 1.47 µg/mL, 69.66 ± 1.01 µg/mL and 86.88 ± 2.64 µg/mL for <i>X. spekei, G. tembensis</i> leaf and <i>G. tembensis</i> stem bark extracts, respectively. EDTA demonstrated a significantly greater iron chelating effect having a significantly lesser IC₅₀ value of 25.05 ± 0.79 µg/mL as opposed to 43.56 ± 0.46 µg/mL, 89.78 ± 0.55 µg/mL, and 120.70 ± 0.71 µg/mL for <i>X. spekei, G. tembensis</i> leaf, and <i>G. tembensis</i> stem bark extracts respectively. Additionally, ascorbic acid also exhibited stronger hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging effect than the studied extracts. Generally, <i>X. spekei</i> extract had higher antioxidant activities as compared to both the leaf and stem bark extracts of <i>G. tembensis</i>. The phytochemical screening demonstrated the presence of secondary metabolites associated with antioxidant properties. The present study therefore, recommends ethno medicinal and therapeutic use of <i>G. tembensis</i> and <i>X. spekei</i> in the treatment and management of oxidative stress related infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":15714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-based Integrative Medicine","volume":"28 ","pages":"2515690X231165096"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/32/6a/10.1177_2515690X231165096.PMC10034282.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9608526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acupoint Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Hospitalized COPD Patients with Severe Dyspnoea: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Carles Fernández-Jané, Jordi Vilaró, Lluís Costa-Tutusaus","doi":"10.1177/2515690X231198308","DOIUrl":"10.1177/2515690X231198308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effect of acupuncture transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (acuTENS) on the reduction of dyspnoea during acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multicentric randomized control trial with masked patients and evaluators was carried out. During hospitalization, AECOPD patients received 45 min of acuTENS (experimental group) or sham acuTENS (controls) daily on 5 consecutive days. The trial was conducted at the Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Manresa (both in Spain). Dyspnoea and peak expiratory flow were measured daily from the first to fifth days. Length of stay, readmissions at 3 months and adverse events were also analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Finally, 19 patients with moderately to severely exacerbated COPD were included. Although some tendencies in dyspnoea during day 1 and length of hospital stay were found favouring acupuncture, no significant differences were shown between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The acuTENS intervention was feasible#well tolerated in AECOPD patients and no important side effects were reported.</p>","PeriodicalId":15714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-based Integrative Medicine","volume":"28 ","pages":"2515690X231198308"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/97/87/10.1177_2515690X231198308.PMC10483960.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10189313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognosis of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in Relation to CA-125 and CA 19-9 Expression.","authors":"Abd AlRahman Mohammad Foda, Tarek Atia, Hader I Sakr, Khaled Abd Elaziz Ahmed Elnaghi, Wagih M Abdelhay, Eman T Enan","doi":"10.1177/2515690X231198315","DOIUrl":"10.1177/2515690X231198315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Some epithelial tumors express the carbohydrate antigen 125 (Cancer antigen-125, CA-125) and CA 19-9, especially ovarian and pancreatic tumors. Patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) were reported to have a close association between serum CA-125 levels and adverse prognostic factors with worse survival. We aimed to investigate CA-125 and 19-9 expression in nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (DLBCL NOS) tissues using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and their relations to clinicopathological manifestations and patients' survival. <b>Methods:</b> 65 cases of DLBCL NOS were examined. A modified mechanical pencil tip was used to construct Manual Tissue Micro-array <b>(</b>TMA) blocks. Immunohistochemical staining for CA-125 and CA 19-9 was performed and scored semi-quantitatively. All relations were analyzed using established statistical methodologies. <b>Results:</b> Aberrant expression of CA 19-9 was detected in 12% of cases without any expression of CA-125. Moreover, 75% of the CA 19-9 positive cases were statistically significantly associated with anemia and performance status 1. Also, 75% of the CA 19-9 positive cases were females. <b>Conclusions:</b> CA 19-9 was aberrantly expressed in 12% of nodal DLBCL NOS cases and significantly related to anaemia and performance status but not to survival. In cases of DLBCL NOS, CA 19-9 expression cannot be considered an independent prognostic factor. CA-125 was not expressed in nodal DLBCL NOS tissues, necessitating re-evaluation studies. Therefore, it is advised to conduct more research to clarify the potential correlation between serum and tissue CA 19-9 levels and other clinic-pathological characteristics of nodal and extranodal DLBCL NOS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":15714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-based Integrative Medicine","volume":"28 ","pages":"2515690X231198315"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/30/a6/10.1177_2515690X231198315.PMC10475264.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10523569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Tang Forte (Royal Jelly) Capsule on Hypoglycemia and Clinical Course in COVID-19 Patients Under Corticosteroid Therapy.","authors":"Hamidreza Pourfard, Ali Ahmadi, Zahra Habibi, Majid Asadi-Samani, Najmeh Shahinfard, Akbar Soleimani","doi":"10.1177/2515690X231165333","DOIUrl":"10.1177/2515690X231165333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Corticosteroids improve the complications of Covid-19 but may cause some side effects such as hyperglycemia. Royal jelly is one of the bee products that exert anti-inflammatory, insulin-like, and hypoglycemic activities. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of royal jelly capsules on blood sugar and the clinical course of Covid-19 in the patients receiving corticosteroid therapy. In this clinical trial, 72 Covid-19 patients with positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test and pulmonary involvement hospitalized in Shahrekord Hajar Hospital were enrolled and randomized into two groups: treatment (receiving corticosteroids and Royal Jelly 1000 mg capsules daily for 7 days) and placebo (given corticosteroids and placebo). Laboratory tests, blood sugar, and clinical courses were determined and compared. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16. On day 7 after the onset of the intervention, the dosage and frequency of insulin, FBS level, and required corticosteroid showed a decrease in both groups but the inter-group difference was not significant (<i>P</i> > .05). As well, the Spo2 level indicated a non-significant increase and hospital stay length indicated a non-significant decrease in the intervention group (<i>P</i> > .05). Among the symptoms, only headache, cough, and dyspnea indicated an improvement in the intervention group (<i>P</i> < .05). Overall, the results indicated the short-term consumption of royal jelly could not significantly improve blood sugar and the clinical course of Covid-19; however, it could significantly improve headache, cough, and dyspnea in the patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":15714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-based Integrative Medicine","volume":"28 ","pages":"2515690X231165333"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2a/f5/10.1177_2515690X231165333.PMC10103254.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9615973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognition Enhancing Potential of Aqueous Leaf Extract of <i>Amaranthus dubius</i> in Mice.","authors":"Daisy Jepkosgei Kipkemoi, Anthony Murithi Ireri, Mathew Piero Ngugi","doi":"10.1177/2515690X231211661","DOIUrl":"10.1177/2515690X231211661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Amaranthus dubius</i> is a vegetable consumed for its nutritional content in Kenya. In herbal medicine, <i>A. dubius</i> is utilized to relief fever, anemia and hemorrhage. Additionally, it is utilized to manage cognitive dysfunction and is considered to augment brain function, but there is no empirical evidence to support this claim. The contemporary study investigated cognitive enhancing potential of <i>A. dubius</i> in mice model of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like dementia induced with ketamine<i>.</i> Cognitively damaged mice were treated with aqueous extract of <i>A. dubius</i> leaf upon which passive avoidance task (PAT) was used to assess the cognitive performance. At the end of passive avoidance test, brains of the mice were dissected to evaluate the possibility of the extract to inhibit hallmarks that propagate AD namely oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase activity. Additionally, characterization of secondary metabolites was done using liquid chromatograph- mass spectrometry analysis. During PAT test, extract-treated mice showed significantly increased step-through latencies than AD mice, depicting ability of <i>A. dubius</i> to reverse ketamine-induced cognitive decline. Further, the extract remarkably lowered malondialdehyde levels to normal levels and effectively inhibited acetylcholinesterase enzyme. The study showed that <i>A. dubius</i> extract is endowed with phytoconstituents that possess anti-oxidant and anticholinesterase activities. Thus, this study confirmed promising therapeutic effects of 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg bw of <i>A. dubius</i> extract with potential to alleviate cognitive disarray observed in AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-based Integrative Medicine","volume":"28 ","pages":"2515690X231211661"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10644747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92154724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gymnema inodorum Leaf Extract Improves Cardiac Function in Experimental Mice Infected with Plasmodium Berghei.","authors":"Sakaewan Ounjaijean,&nbsp;Rujikorn Rattanatham,&nbsp;Voravuth Somsak,&nbsp;Worakan Boonhoh,&nbsp;Sirirat Surinkaew","doi":"10.1177/2515690X221150526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2515690X221150526","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malaria-associated cardiac injury has been reported to be the primary cause of death due to severe malaria. The discovery of substances showing a protective effect on cardiac injury during malaria infection is urgently needed. Hence, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of <i>Gymnema inodorum</i> leaf extract (GIE) on cardiac function in mice infected with <i>Plasmodium berghei</i>. ICR mice were treated with 1 × 10⁷ infected red blood cells of <i>P. berghei</i> ANKA (PbANKA), administered orally with GIE in 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight of mice. Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and echocardiography were carried out. It was found that CPK and heart-weight to body-weight (HW/BW) ratios were significantly higher in untreated mice than the healthy control. Moreover, impaired cardiac function in the untreated group was observed as indicated by changes in echocardiography. Interestingly, GIE exerted a protective effect on cardiac injury induced by PbANKA infection. Our results demonstrated that the parasitemia percentage, CPK, HW/BW ratio, and echocardiography in GIE treated mice were improved. However, there was no significant difference between GIE dosages. Therefore, GIE possessed a cardio-protective effect during malaria infection in mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":15714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-based Integrative Medicine","volume":"28 ","pages":"2515690X221150526"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8a/8a/10.1177_2515690X221150526.PMC9834418.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9237415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In Vitro</i> Antiproliferative Effects and Phytochemical Characterization of <i>Carissa edulis</i> ((Forssk) Vahl) and <i>Pappea capensis</i> (Eckyl and Zeyh) Extracts.","authors":"Carolyn Wanjira Muruthi, Mathew Piero Ngugi, Steven Maina Runo, Peter Githaiga Mwitari","doi":"10.1177/2515690X231187711","DOIUrl":"10.1177/2515690X231187711","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer mortality is a global concern. The current therapeutic approaches despite showing efficacy are characterized by several limitations. Search for alternatives has led to the use of herbal plants including <i>C. edulis</i> and <i>P. capensis</i>. However, there is limited research on antiproliferative effects of these medicinal plants. The study sought to evaluate antiproliferative effects of the plants against human breast and prostate cancers using cell viability, and gene expression assays to determine modulation of apoptotic genes. Further, Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometer (LC-MS) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometer (GC-MS) analyses were performed to confirm phytocompounds in the extracts. The results indicated that ethylacetate extracts of <i>C. edulis</i> and <i>P. capensis</i> had the highest activity against cancer cells with IC₅₀ values of 2.12 ± 0.02, and 6.57 ± 0.03 μg/ml on HCC 1395 and 2.92 ± 0.17 and 5.00 ± 0.17 μg/ml on DU145, respectively. Moreover, the plants extracts exhibited relatively less cytotoxic activities against Vero cell lines (IC₅₀> 20 μg/ml). The extracts also exhibit selectivity against the cancer cells (SI > 3). Further, mRNA expression of <i>p53</i> in the treated HCC 1395 was increased by 7 and 3-fold, whereas by 3 and 2-fold in DU145 cells, upon treatment with ethylacetate extracts of <i>C. edulis</i> and <i>P. capensis</i>, respectively. Similarly, several-fold increases were observed in the number of transcripts of <i>Bax</i> in HCC 1395 and HOXB13 in DU145 cells. Phytochemical analyses detected presence of phytocompounds including flavonoids, phenolics, tocopherols and terpenoids which are associated with anticancer activity. Findings from this study provide a scientific validation for the folklore use of these plants in management of cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":15714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-based Integrative Medicine","volume":"28 ","pages":"2515690X231187711"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/22/4a/10.1177_2515690X231187711.PMC10387709.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9918896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attenuation of Seizures, Cognitive Deficits, and Brain Histopathology by Phytochemicals of <i>Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv</i> (Poaceae) in Acute and Chronic Mutant <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> Epilepsy Models.","authors":"Fred Ssempijja, Samuel Sunday Dare, Edmund E M Bukenya, Keneth Iceland Kasozi, Ritah Kenganzi, Edgar Mario Fernandez, Marta Vicente-Crespo","doi":"10.1177/2515690X231160191","DOIUrl":"10.1177/2515690X231160191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Imperata cylindrica</i> is a globally distributed plant known for its antiepileptic attributes, but there is a scarcity of robust evidence for its efficacy. The study investigated neuroprotective attributes of <i>Imperata cylindrica</i> root extract on neuropathological features of epilepsy in a <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> mutant model of epilepsy. It was conducted on 10-day-old (at the initiation of study) male post-eclosion bang-senseless paralytic <i>Drosophila</i> (<i>para^bss1</i>) involved acute (1-3 h) and chronic (6-18 days) experiments; n = 50 flies per group (convulsions tests); n = 100 flies per group (learning/memory tests and histological examination). Administrations were done in 1 g standard fly food, per os. The mutant flies of study (<i>para^bss1</i>) showed marked age-dependent progressive brain neurodegeneration and axonal degeneration, significant (P < 0.05) bang sensitivity and convulsions, and cognitive deficits due to up-regulation of the <i>paralytic</i> gene in our mutants. The neuropathological findings were significantly (P < 0.05) alleviated in dose and duration-dependent fashions to near normal/normal after acute and chronic treatment with extract similar to sodium valproate. Therefore, <i>para</i> is expressed in neurons of brain tissues in our mutant flies to bring about epilepsy phenotypes and behaviors of the current juvenile and old-adult mutant <i>D. melanogaster</i> models of epilepsy. The herb exerts neuroprotection by anticonvulsant and antiepileptogenic mechanisms in mutant <i>D. melanogaster</i> due to plant flavonoids, polyphenols, and chromones (<b>1</b> and <b>2</b>) which exert antioxidative and receptor or voltage-gated sodium ion channels' inhibitory properties, and thus causing reduced inflammation and apoptosis, increased tissue repair, and improved cell biology in the brain of mutant flies. The methanol root extract provides anticonvulsant and antiepileptogenic medicinal values which protect epileptic <i>D. melanogaster</i>. Therefore, the herb should be advanced for more experimental and clinical studies to confirm its efficacy in treating epilepsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-based Integrative Medicine","volume":"28 ","pages":"2515690X231160191"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/67/c2/10.1177_2515690X231160191.PMC9989407.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10277418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifungal Properties of <i>Zataria multiflora</i> on <i>Candida</i> species: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Ali Malekzadeh Shafaroudi, Nadia Elyassi Gorji, Pegah Nasiri, Javad Javidnia, Mohammad Ebrahimi Saravi","doi":"10.1177/2515690X221132272","DOIUrl":"10.1177/2515690X221132272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong><i>Candida</i> infections have increased significantly in the antimicrobial resistance era, and synthetic antifungal drugs have limitations. The present work aimed to review the antifungal properties of <i>Zataria multiflora</i> (<i>Z. multiflora</i>) as an herbal remedy.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, SID, Civilica, and Magiran databases were searched for the antifungal activity on <i>in vitro</i>, <i>in vivo</i>, dental biofilm, and clinical studies of <i>Z. multiflora</i> on <i>Candida</i> species.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 33 articles evaluated the effect of <i>Z. multiflora</i> on <i>Candida</i> species and classified them into four groups, as follows in vitro (23), dental biofilm (6), in vivo (2), and clinical studies (3). All studies considered <i>Z. multiflora</i> effective in reducing or even inhibiting the growth of <i>Candida</i> species. NoMFC significant differences were seen in the effect of <i>Z. multiflora</i> on susceptible <i>Candida</i> compared to the resistant groups of <i>Candida</i> in the studies. It was also influential in inhibiting <i>C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. kefyer,</i> and <i>C. zeylanoides</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Considering the side effects and resistance of current antifungal drugs as well as the benefits of using herbal medicines, such as lower cost, less likely to develop drug resistance, the absence of side effects, and toxicity compared with chemical ones<b>,</b> it is possible as a powerful alternative to replace or combine with the current antifungal for <i>Candida</i> infection therapy along with other therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-based Integrative Medicine","volume":"27 ","pages":"2515690X221132272"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b2/6d/10.1177_2515690X221132272.PMC9703571.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10483596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Silymarin in Cancer Treatment: Facts, Hypotheses, and Questions.","authors":"Tomas Koltai, Larry Fliegel","doi":"10.1177/2515690X211068826","DOIUrl":"10.1177/2515690X211068826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The flavonoid silymarin extracted from the seeds of <i>Sylibum marianum</i> is a mixture of 6 flavolignan isomers. The 3 more important isomers are silybin (or silibinin), silydianin, and silychristin. Silybin is functionally the most active of these compounds. This group of flavonoids has been extensively studied and they have been used as hepato-protective substances for the mushroom <i>Amanita phalloides</i> intoxication and mainly chronic liver diseases such as alcoholic cirrhosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver. Hepatitis C progression is not, or slightly, modified by silymarin. Recently, it has also been proposed for SARS COVID-19 infection therapy. The biochemical and molecular mechanisms of action of these substances in cancer are subjects of ongoing research. Paradoxically, many of its identified actions such as antioxidant, promoter of ribosomal synthesis, and mitochondrial membrane stabilization, may seem protumoral at first sight, however, silymarin compounds have clear anticancer effects. Some of them are: decreasing migration through multiple targeting, decreasing hypoxia inducible factor-1α expression, inducing apoptosis in some malignant cells, and inhibiting promitotic signaling among others. Interestingly, the antitumoral activity of silymarin compounds is limited to malignant cells while the nonmalignant cells seem not to be affected. Furthermore, there is a long history of silymarin use in human diseases without toxicity after prolonged administration. The ample distribution and easy accessibility to milk thistle-the source of silymarin compounds, its over the counter availability, the fact that it is a weed, some controversial issues regarding bioavailability, and being a nutraceutical rather than a drug, has somehow led medical professionals to view its anticancer effects with skepticism. This is a fundamental reason why it never achieved bedside status in cancer treatment. However, in spite of all the antitumoral effects, silymarin actually has dual effects and in some cases such as pancreatic cancer it can promote stemness. This review deals with recent investigations to elucidate the molecular actions of this flavonoid in cancer, and to consider the possibility of repurposing it. Particular attention is dedicated to silymarin's dual role in cancer and to some controversies of its real effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":15714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-based Integrative Medicine","volume":"27 ","pages":"2515690X211068826"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e2/3d/10.1177_2515690X211068826.PMC8814827.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10612911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}