Journal of endodontics最新文献

{"title":"The XP-endo Shaper and Its Impact on Posttreatment Discomfort: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","authors":"Mohammad Sabeti DDS, MA ,&nbsp;Julian Gabbay DDS, MS ,&nbsp;David Lotfi DDS","doi":"10.1016/j.joen.2024.12.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joen.2024.12.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis assess the impact of the XP-endo Shaper (XPS) on postoperative pain following root canal treatment and compare its efficacy with other endodontic systems.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from January 2000–August 2024. Randomized controlled trials using XPS and reporting postoperative pain were included. Pain levels were measured using the Visual Analog Scale at multiple postoperative time points. Data were pooled and analyzed using a random effects model, revealing significant heterogeneity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Six randomized controlled trials involving 731 patients met the inclusion criteria. The pooled analysis revealed that XPS significantly reduced pain scores at the 6, 12, and 24-hour time points (standardized mean difference [SMD] −1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−2.36, −0.24], <em>P</em> = .016; SMD −3.00, 95% CI [−3.54, −2.46], <em>P</em> &lt; .001; SMD −0.91, 95% CI [−1.53, −0.28], <em>P</em> = .005, respectively) compared to other systems, including WaveOne Gold and HyFlex EDM. Pain scores beyond 48 hours were comparable between XPS and other file systems.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>XPS shows substantial short-term efficacy in reducing postoperative pain following root canal treatments, likely due to its flexible design and reduced debris extrusion. The findings suggest that XPS can potentially improve patient comfort, though long-term pain outcomes remain similar to other systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endodontics","volume":"51 4","pages":"Pages 481-490"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142965296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted Endodontic Access Preparation: Comparing Grid-guided and Freehand Cone-beam Computed Tomography Techniques","authors":"Ghazal Rezaei DMD ,&nbsp;Karang N. Khalilkhani DDS, MS ,&nbsp;Kian Daghighi DDS ,&nbsp;Poorya Jalali DDS","doi":"10.1016/j.joen.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joen.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Endodontic access is often one of the most challenging aspects of treatment, particularly in cases involving locating calcified or missed canals, or when performing selective retreatments of a targeted root. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the accuracy of targeted accesses made using prefabricated grid to those made using freehand techniques with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) measurements.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty extracted maxillary molars were mounted into the TrueJaw maxillary model (PlanB Dental, Goleta, CA). To replicate a clinical scenario where the tooth is extensively restored or has a calcified pulp chamber, the build-up material was intentionally placed directly over the canal orifices. Each of the teeth were prepared for zirconia crowns and once fabricated, these crowns were cemented. The teeth were randomly assigned to either the CBCT freehanded group or the grid-guided group. Preoperative CBCT scans were taken to determine the preplanned drill path, and these scans were superimposed on the postoperative CBCT's taken after the targeted access was completed. The factors evaluated included deviations from the preplanned drill path, procedural times, and adjustments if necessary.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The grid-guided technique achieved a significantly smaller deviation from the planned access target (median 0.3 mm) compared to the freehand technique (median 0.95 mm, <em>P</em> = .00001). However, the grid-guided approach required significantly more procedural time (417 seconds) than the freehand method (<em>P</em> = .00008).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The grid-guided technique is a viable and accurate method for achieving targeted access to hard-to-reach canal orifices. Further studies are needed to evaluate its application in clinical settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endodontics","volume":"51 4","pages":"Pages 514-520"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143006347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guidelines for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0099-2399(25)00154-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0099-2399(25)00154-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endodontics","volume":"51 4","pages":"Pages A10, A12, A14-A19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Core Outcome Set in Endodontics (COS-ENDO): Part 4 – COS-ENDO for Studies of Vital Pulp Therapy in Permanent Teeth","authors":"Maryam Zanjir DDS, MSc ,&nbsp;Elaine Cardoso DDS, MSc, MBA ,&nbsp;Nicola L. Harman BSc, MSc, PhD ,&nbsp;Ava Khansari BScH ,&nbsp;Hamid Jafarzadeh DDS, MSc ,&nbsp;Gevik Malkhassian DDS, MSc, FRCP(C) ,&nbsp;Mike Sabeti DDS, MA ,&nbsp;Anita Aminoshariae DDS, MA ,&nbsp;Anil Kishen BDS, MDS, PhD ,&nbsp;Joanna E.M. Sale MSc, PhD ,&nbsp;Prakesh S. Shah MSc, MBBS, MD, DCH, MRCP, FRCP(C) ,&nbsp;Amir Azarpazhooh DDS, MSc, PhD, FRCP(C)","doi":"10.1016/j.joen.2025.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joen.2025.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Methodological heterogeneity and reporting bias complicate interpreting endodontic outcomes. Supported by the American Association of Endodontists and its Foundation, this study developed the Core Outcome Set for Endodontics (COS-ENDO) to standardize reporting for studies of Nonsurgical Root Canal Treatment/Retreatment, Surgical Endodontics, Vital Pulp Therapy, Apexification, and Regenerative Endodontics. This article, Part 4 of a 5-part series, focuses on COS-ENDO for Vital Pulp Therapy, while other parts address the remaining treatments.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Outcomes were identified through a scoping review and a web-based survey of American Association of Endodontists practicing members. In a 2-round Delphi survey, clinicians, patients, and researchers rated outcomes on a 9-point scale. Ratings were assessed against consensus criteria, and a virtual meeting finalized COS-ENDO.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 97 invited participants to Round 1, 77 registered, and 73 (24 Academicians/Researchers, 26 Clinicians, and 23 Patients or their parents/caregivers) assessed 46 outcomes, with 17 excluded. The remaining outcomes—4 achieving consensus for inclusion and 25 lacking consensus—advanced to Round 2 for re-rating by 70 participants. This resulted in 10 outcomes achieving consensus for inclusion, and 19 lacking consensus. In the final meeting, 16 participants finalized the COS-ENDO for Vital Pulp Therapy studies, including Tooth survival, Pain, Signs of infection, Radiographic evidence of maintained periradicular health, Continued root development, Success, Functional tooth, Need for further intervention, and Adverse events/Complications.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>COS-ENDO is an important step in standardizing outcome reporting in endodontics, ensuring consistent reporting and enhancing research utility. Further efforts are needed to establish optimal measurement methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endodontics","volume":"51 4","pages":"Pages 442-456"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Stem Cell Expansion: The Role of Substrate Stiffness in Enhancing Dental Pulp Stem Cell Quiescence and Regeneration","authors":"Maryam Ghaffari PhD ,&nbsp;Annie Shrestha BDS, MSc (Endodontics), PhD, FRCD(C)","doi":"10.1016/j.joen.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joen.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Quiescent stem cells exhibit unique self-renewal and engraftment abilities vital for regenerative therapies, but these diminish during ex vivo culture. This study investigates how substrate stiffness regulates the balance between dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) quiescence, activation, and senescence and explores the role of extracellular matrix stiffness in modulating DPSC fate via the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Polydimethylsiloxane substrates with varying stiffness in 2D (2 kPa, 50 kPa) and 3D (50 kPa) were fabricated. Mechanical properties and porosity were characterized. Human DPSCs were cultured for 7 and 14 days. Senescence was assessed by senescence β-galactosidase activity, nuclear changes by immunofluorescence staining, and gene expression of quiescence, self-renewal, and senescence markers by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. NF-κB activation was analyzed through p65 nuclear translocation. Statistical analysis employed one-way analysis of variance with post-Tukey tests (<em>P</em> &lt; .05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The porous (310 ± 63 μm) 3D substrate had 50 kPa stiffness. DPSCs on 50 kPa substrates exhibited increased nuclear size and senescence in both 2D and 3D contexts. Softer 2 kPa substrates promoted quiescence, evidenced by reduced chromatin condensation and senescence, alongside upregulation of quiescence associated genes (BMI-1) and pluripotency markers (NANOG, OCT4, SOX2). NF-κB activation was observed on soft substrates, marked by nuclear translocation of p65 and upregulated NF-κB pathway genes, correlating with enhanced stemness and reduced senescence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights the pivotal role of substrate stiffness in modulating stem cell fate. Softer substrates preserve DPSC quiescence, reduce senescence, and enhance stemness through NF-κB pathway activation, offering insights into optimizing ex vivo DPSC expansion for therapeutic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endodontics","volume":"51 4","pages":"Pages 491-498"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143006327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of Endodontic Treatment: Which Measures Are Important?","authors":"Ashraf F. Fouad DDS, MS","doi":"10.1016/j.joen.2025.02.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joen.2025.02.016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endodontics","volume":"51 4","pages":"Pages 399-400"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anesthetic Effectiveness of Mental/Incisive Nerve Block versus Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Mandibular First and Second Premolars with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial","authors":"Tolga Sülek DDS,&nbsp;Aysin Dumani DDS, PhD,&nbsp;Cihan Küden DDS, PhD,&nbsp;Helin Kussever DDS,&nbsp;Oguz Yoldas DDS, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.joen.2025.01.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joen.2025.01.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of mental/incisive nerve block (MINB) and conventional inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) anesthesia during endodontic treatment of mandibular first and second premolars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this randomized, double-blind, clinical trial, 120 patients undergoing endodontic treatment of mandibular premolars were randomly assigned to IANB (<em>n</em> = 60) or MINB (<em>n</em> = 60) using 1.8 mL 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine hydrochloride. Pain levels were evaluated preoperatively and during cold tests, cavity preparation, and pulp extirpation using the Numerical Rating Scale. Statistical analyses included the independent <em>t</em> test, chi-square test, and Mann-Whitney <em>U</em> test (α = 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both groups showed a success rate of 70% for anesthesia (<em>P</em> = 1.000). While IANB demonstrated similar efficacy between first (71.4%) and second (68.8%) premolars (<em>P</em> &gt; .05), MINB was significantly more effective for first premolars (76.9%) than second premolars (64.7%) (<em>P</em> &lt; .05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>MINB and IANB provide comparable pain control for mandibular premolars during endodontic procedures. However, MINB was observed to be less effective for second premolars compared to first premolars. The study suggests that, despite the comparable success rates of both anesthesia techniques, supplemental anesthesia may still be required to achieve adequate pain management for mandibular premolars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endodontics","volume":"51 4","pages":"Pages 473-480"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143066108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robot-Assisted Endodontic Retreatment: A Case Report with Clinical Considerations","authors":"Li Qin MDS ,&nbsp;Weiwei Qiao PhD ,&nbsp;Chen Chen DDS ,&nbsp;Yeyu Lin MDS ,&nbsp;Xining Zhang MDS ,&nbsp;Liuyan Meng PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.joen.2025.01.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joen.2025.01.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fiber posts present significant challenges for nonsurgical endodontic retreatment, as improper removal may result in iatrogenic root perforation or even root fracture. Recently, robotic technology has attracted considerable attention in dentistry and active dental robotic (ADR) systems can perform procedures based on preset instructions, minimizing reliance on the dentist's experience. This case report describes the application of an ADR system for fiber post removal through an existing zirconia crown. A 26-year-old female was diagnosed with previously treated, symptomatic apical periodontitis of the mandibular left second premolar. Based on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral scanning, the ADR system was used to achieve precise fiber post removal through a zirconia crown with minimally invasive coronal access under rubber dam isolation. The robotic arm executed flexible pumping motions to simulate the hand movements of dentists. This was achieved by establishing preset force and distance thresholds tailored to the characteristics of the materials being drilled. Residual gutta-percha was removed, followed by canal preparation and obturation. The tooth was then restored with a fiber post and composite resin. At the 2.5-month follow-up, the patient was completely asymptomatic, and the radiograph displayed evidence of periradicular healing. In this case, robotic technology proved effective and feasible for the endodontic retreatment of a mandibular second premolar, suggesting its potential for similar applications in other teeth where there is adequate inter-arch space. Further research is needed to simplify procedures for robot-assisted endodontic retreatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endodontics","volume":"51 4","pages":"Pages 521-527"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143066111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Novel Assessment to Explore the Cutting Performance of Rotary Instruments Using Dynamic Finite Element Analysis With Failure Mode","authors":"Chih-Wen Chi DDS, PhD ,&nbsp;Weng-Pin Chen PhD ,&nbsp;Wei-Ting Liu MD ,&nbsp;Ting-Ju Lai MD ,&nbsp;Chun-Pin Lin DDS, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.joen.2024.12.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joen.2024.12.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The separation of Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) endodontic instruments due to excessive torque adversely affects treatment outcomes. Previous studies have analyzed torque values under static conditions and failed to accurately simulate the dynamic conditions of instruments within root canals. This study aimed to apply a novel finite element analysis (FEA) to assess the real-time dynamic performance of NiTi endodontic instruments during operation in root canals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, three-dimensional geometric models of commercial NiTi endodontic instruments (ProTaper Universal) and simulated root canals were developed. In the first part, dynamic analyses of the instruments operating within root canals were simulated using finite element fracture theory and validated through experimental methods. To assess the consistency between the experimental results generated by different instruments (ProTaper Universal SX, S1, S2, and F1) and the FEA results, we utilized Bland-Altman plots for visualization and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient for comparing continuous data. In the second part, the FEA was employed to establish a safe and efficient sequence for root canal shaping.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The findings indicated a similar trend between the analyzed and experimental groups. The Bland-Altman plot demonstrated a high level of consistency, with Intraclass Correlation Coefficient values ranging from 0.6407 to 0.9351. To evaluate the dynamic performance of commercial endodontic instruments in canals, the instruments experienced excessive torque values and significant loading. Based on torque control, new sequences for safe and effective root canal preparation were proposed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>FEA with failure mode was demonstrated to simulate the real-time dynamic performance of instruments working in the simulated canals. This assessment offers guidance for clinical protocols and the development of innovative instruments with improving safety and efficacy in endodontic treatments through computer-aided techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endodontics","volume":"51 4","pages":"Pages 507-513"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142915073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Core Outcome Set in Endodontics (COS-ENDO): Part 3 – COS-ENDO for Studies of Surgical Endodontics in Permanent Teeth","authors":"Maryam Zanjir DDS, MSc ,&nbsp;Elaine Cardoso DDS, MSc, MBA ,&nbsp;Nicola L. Harman BSc, MSc, PhD ,&nbsp;Ava Khansari BScH ,&nbsp;Hamid Jafarzadeh DDS, MSc ,&nbsp;Gevik Malkhassian DDS, MSc, FRCP(C) ,&nbsp;Mike Sabeti DDS, MA ,&nbsp;Anita Aminoshariae DDS, MA ,&nbsp;Anil Kishen BDS, MDS, PhD ,&nbsp;Joanna E.M. Sale MSc, PhD ,&nbsp;Prakesh S. Shah MSc, MBBS, MD, DCH, MRCP, FRCP(C) ,&nbsp;Amir Azarpazhooh DDS, MSc, PhD, FRCP(C)","doi":"10.1016/j.joen.2025.01.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joen.2025.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Methodological heterogeneity and reporting bias complicate interpreting endodontic outcomes. Supported by the American Association of Endodontists and its Foundation, this study developed the Core Outcome Set in Endodontics (COS-ENDO) to standardize reporting for studies of nonsurgical root canal treatment/retreatment, surgical endodontics, vital pulp therapy, apexification, and regenerative endodontics. This article, part 3 of a 5-part series, focuses on COS-ENDO for surgical endodontics, while other parts address the remaining treatments.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Outcomes were identified through a scoping review, a qualitative study with patients, and a web-based survey of American Association of Endodontists practicing members. In a 2-round Delphi survey, clinicians, patients, and researchers rated outcomes on a 9-point scale. Ratings were assessed against consensus criteria, and a virtual meeting finalized COS-ENDO.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 97 invited participants to round 1, 77 registered, and 73 (24 academicians/researchers, 26 clinicians, and 23 patients or their parents/caregivers) assessed 46 outcomes, with 17 excluded. The remaining outcomes—7 achieving consensus for inclusion and 22 lacking consensus—advanced to round 2 for rerating by 70 participants. This resulted in 1 outcome achieving consensus for exclusion, 10 for inclusion, and 18 lacking consensus. In the final meeting, 16 participants finalized the COS-ENDO for surgical endodontics, including Tooth survival, Pain, Signs of infection, Radiographic evidence of periradicular healing, Success, Functional tooth, Need for further intervention, and Adverse events/Complications.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>COS-ENDO is an important step in standardizing outcome reporting in endodontics, ensuring consistent reporting and enhancing research utility. Further efforts are needed to establish optimal measurement methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endodontics","volume":"51 4","pages":"Pages 427-441"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}