Journal of endodontics最新文献

{"title":"Endodontic Microsurgery with the Aid of Dynamic Navigation System Using Minimally Invasive Incision Approach in Anatomically Complex Scenarios: A Case Series","authors":"Xiaoxing Li MM,&nbsp;Lishan Huang MM,&nbsp;Siyu Li BM,&nbsp;Siying Lao BM,&nbsp;Ningxin Yan BM,&nbsp;Haitong Wu BM,&nbsp;Xuechao Yang DDS, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.joen.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joen.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Endodontic microsurgery (EMS) is an alternative treatment option for previously treated teeth with persistent periapical disease, offering a favorable prognosis. However, it can be particularly challenging in anatomically complex cases, risking unintentional damage to adjacent critical structures. Dynamic navigation (DN), a computer-aided technique, facilitates precise presurgical planning and provides real-time guidance during operation. Integrating the DN technique into EMS procedures can enhance treatment accuracy and effectiveness. This report presents 4 cases involving a minimally invasive incision approach for DN-aided EMS in anatomically complex regions, all of which were completed without complications. After 3–12 months, patients presented asymptomatic, and radiographic examinations revealed complete healing or the periapical radiolucent area decreased in size. The DN technique contributed to reliably mitigating the risk of iatrogenic damage in complicated EMS scenarios. The minimally invasive incision approach not only provided sufficient visibility but also promoted favorable soft tissue healing, making it a valuable addition to surgical endodontics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endodontics","volume":"50 12","pages":"Pages 1777-1783"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142400463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guidelines for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0099-2399(24)00626-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0099-2399(24)00626-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endodontics","volume":"50 12","pages":"Pages A6, A8-A12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Preoperative Oral Cannabidiol-Rich Cannabis Extract on Anxiety and Postoperative Pain after Endodontic Treatment: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial","authors":"Silmara de Andrade Silva PhD ,&nbsp;Christianne Velozo PhD ,&nbsp;Luiza de Almeida Souto Montenegro PhD ,&nbsp;Wesley Viana de Sousa MSc ,&nbsp;Marina da Cunha Isaltino MSc ,&nbsp;Margareth de Fátima Formiga Melo Diniz PhD ,&nbsp;Diana Santana de Albuquerque PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.joen.2024.10.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joen.2024.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cannabidiol (CBD)-rich <em>Cannabis</em> extract in reducing anxiety and postoperative pain in patients submitted to endodontic treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study was carried out after approval by the Research Ethics Committee (Registration No. 5.075.961). The following groups were tested: CBD and placebo. Pain was measured using a visual analog scale before the start of treatment and 24, 48, and 72 hours and 7 days after the session. Anxiety was assessed using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale and a visual analog scale, before and immediately after treatment. In addition, salivary cortisol was measured before drug administration and after anesthesia. Data were analyzed descriptively using absolute frequencies and percentages, with a 5% margin of error.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean anxiety scores were higher in the CBD group than in the placebo group in each assessment (pre: 5.06 vs 3.07, respectively; post: 4.61 vs 2.60). However, there was no significant difference in the reduction of dental anxiety at the beginning of the consultation and throughout the procedure. We did not find statistically significant differences in postoperative pain between the CBD and placebo groups at any of the time points.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>There was no evidence of an exposure-response relationship between the intervention and control groups. However, more studies are needed to determine clinical outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endodontics","volume":"50 12","pages":"Pages 1698-1704"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arrest and Repair of Inflammatory Root Resorption After an Endodontic Regeneration Procedure – A Hypothesis and Case Report","authors":"Arieh Y. Kaufman DMD ,&nbsp;Bill Kahler DClinDent, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.joen.2024.08.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joen.2024.08.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>External inflammatory root resorption (EIRR) is a significant complication that can occur following traumatic dental injuries, with a prevalence of approximately 18%. Most cases occur during the early stage of the mixed dentition. Specifically, EIRR occurs in approximately 5%–8% of luxation injuries, 30% of replanted teeth following avulsion, and 38% of intruded teeth. Conventional methods for addressing EIRR in immature teeth pose several challenges. This often requires numerous dental visits where Ledermix and calcium hydroxide are used, which may significantly prolong the treatment. Additionally, the effect of prolonged use of calcium hydroxide medication in the root canal is debatable. Recent publications have highlighted the ability of regenerative endodontic treatment (RET) to effectively stop and repair EIRR in a relatively brief time, yielding impressive results. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism responsible for this effect remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A hypothesis is proposed and drawn from existing data, explaining the mechanism by which RET triggers alterations in the root dimensions of necrotic immature teeth, facilitating continuous root maturation. The hypothesis suggests that bioactive molecules, including growth factors, might be able to penetrate the denuded dentin, reach the resorbed area, and attract stem cells from the surrounding periodontal ligament and adjacent bone, leading to the arrest of the resorption process.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This recruitment may trigger repair mechanisms, ultimately resulting in the coverage of the denuded dentin with a new layer of periodontal ligament, cementoid, and cementum.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A hypothesis of the potential mechanism in which RET may arrest EIRR is presented along with a case report.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endodontics","volume":"50 12","pages":"Pages 1743-1751"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimethod Analysis of a Novel Multi-coloured Heat-treated Nickel-Titanium Rotary System: Design, Metallurgy, Mechanical Properties, and Shaping Ability","authors":"Emmanuel J.N.L. Silva DDS, MSc, PhD ,&nbsp;Jorge N.R. Martins DDS, MSc, PhD ,&nbsp;Natasha Ajuz DDS, MSc, PhD ,&nbsp;Victor T.L. Vieira DDS, MSc, PhD ,&nbsp;Ricardo Pinto DDS, MSc ,&nbsp;Duarte Marques DDS, MSc, PhD ,&nbsp;Francisco M. Braz Fernandes PhD ,&nbsp;Marco A. Versiani DDS, MSc, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.joen.2024.07.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joen.2024.07.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This study aimed to compare a new multicolored rotary system with four heat-treated rotary instruments using the multimethod approach.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Three-hundred instruments of RCS Rainbow, Rotate, RaCe EVO, OneCurve, and ProTaper Ultimate systems were evaluated regarding their design (stereomicroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and 3D surface scanning), metallurgy, and mechanical performance (cyclic fatigue, torsional resistance, bending and buckling resistance, and cutting ability). Unprepared surfaces after canal preparation of maxillary molars were evaluated using micro-computed tomography. Kruskal-Wallis and one-way analysis of variance <em>post hoc</em> Tukey tests were used for statistical comparisons (α = 5%).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Instruments exhibited variations in active blade length, number of spirals, and cross-sectional designs. RCS Rainbow showed specific phase transformation temperatures, highest bending (400.5gf) and buckling (286gf) resistance values, and lowest mean angle of rotation (529°) (<em>P</em> &lt; .05). OneCurve exhibited superior cutting ability (8.4 mm) and longer time to fracture (112s). RaCe EVO displayed the lowest time to fracture (51s), maximum torque (1.2 N.cm), buckling (174gf), and bending resistance (261gf) values (<em>P</em> &lt; .05). ProTaper Ultimate showed the highest torque (1.6 N.cm) and angle of rotation (611°) (<em>P</em> &lt; .05), while its bending load (262gf) was comparable to RaCe EVO (<em>P</em> &gt; .05). Rotate instrument showed intermediate values in the mechanical tests. No difference was observed regarding the unprepared canal surfaces (<em>P</em> &gt; .05)</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>RCS Rainbow demonstrates a trade-off between flexibility and other mechanical properties. Its dimensions exceeded those of other instruments, affording it higher torque resistance, yet concurrently reducing its flexibility, angle of rotation, and cutting ability. OneCurve stands out as a well-balanced choice by integrating geometric design and mechanical performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endodontics","volume":"50 11","pages":"Pages 1622-1633"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141874989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associate Registry","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0099-2399(24)00584-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0099-2399(24)00584-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endodontics","volume":"50 11","pages":"Pages 1662-1693"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat-killed Lancefieldella Rimae Induces Bone Resorption by Promoting Osteoclast Differentiation","authors":"Jinsung Park BS ,&nbsp;Yeonjin Lim BS ,&nbsp;Chaeyeon Park MS ,&nbsp;Kee-Yeon Kum DDS, PhD ,&nbsp;Cheol-Heui Yun PhD ,&nbsp;Ok-Jin Park PhD ,&nbsp;Seung Hyun Han PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.joen.2024.08.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joen.2024.08.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Apical periodontitis, mainly caused by bacterial infection in the dental pulp, is often accompanied by abscess, periapical inflammation, and alveolar bone loss. <em>Lancefieldella rimae</em> has been detected in the root canals of patients with apical periodontitis. Here, we investigated whether <em>L. rimae</em> is associated with bone resorption.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><em>L. rimae</em> was anaerobically cultured and heat-killed (HKLr). A mouse calvarial implantation model was used to determine the bone resorption <em>in vivo</em>. Committed osteoclasts prepared from C57BL/6 wild-type or Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-deficient mice were differentiated into mature osteoclasts in the presence or absence of HKLr. The mRNA expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), ATPase H⁺ transporting V0 subunit <em>D2</em>, cathepsin K, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase was quantified using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The protein levels of c-Fos and NFATc1 were determined by Western blot analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Implantation of HKLr onto the mouse calvaria induced the bone destruction with an increase of TRAP-positive areas. While HKLr enhanced the differentiation of osteoclasts, this effect was not observed in TLR2-deficient osteoclasts. HKLr dose-dependently increased the mRNA expression of genes associated with osteoclast differentiation including TRAP, ATPase H⁺ transporting V0 subunit <em>D2</em>, and cathepsin K. In addition, HKLr enhanced the expression of c-Fos and NFATc1, which are important transcription factors for osteoclast differentiation. Moreover, HKLr increased the expression of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div><em>L. rimae</em> induces bone resorption by enhancing osteoclast differentiation through the TLR2 signaling pathway, implying that <em>L. rimae</em> is a causative agent responsible for the alveolar bone resorption accompanying apical periodontitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endodontics","volume":"50 11","pages":"Pages 1593-1601"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142055768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mahidol Study 2: Treatment Outcomes and Prognostic Factors of Regenerative Endodontic Procedures in Immature Permanent Teeth","authors":"Chayanun Theekakul DDS ,&nbsp;Danuchit Banomyong DDS, PhD ,&nbsp;Sittichoke Osiri DDS, MS ,&nbsp;Nithinun Sutam DDS, MS ,&nbsp;Lalida Ongchavalit DDS, MS ,&nbsp;Jeeraphat Jantarat DDS, MDSc, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.joen.2024.08.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joen.2024.08.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Studies on the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) in a large population and long-term recall period have been limited. Therefore, the aims of this study were to evaluate treatment outcomes and prognostic factors of REPs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Immature permanent teeth treated with REPs with a minimum one-year follow-up period were included. Treatment outcomes (functional retention, healed rate, root development, and sensibility test response) and any prognostic factors were analyzed with multivariable Cox regression, linear regression, and modified Poisson regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>One-hundred-twenty REPs teeth with a mean 41.7-month recall period were included with a functional retention rate of 97.5%. The healed, healing, and diseased rates of REPs were 80%, 9.2%, and 10.8%, respectively. Significant prognostic factors for healed were age (&lt;12 years old) and root development stage (stages 4 and 5). Changes in the apical diameter, root length, root width, and radiographic root area after REPs were 56.8%, 8.3%, 23.2%, and 21.7%, respectively. Significant prognostic factors for continued root developmevnt were age and etiology of pulpal disease (from caries or dental anomalies). The sensibility test response rate was 41.7% with significant positive factors of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid irrigation and capping material level above the cemento-enamel junction.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>REPs demonstrated high functional retention and healed rates. Patients &lt;12 years old presented a higher healed rate and continued root development (excluding root length). Dental caries or anomalies had higher continued root development compared with dental trauma. The sensibility test response was related to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid irrigation and level capping material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endodontics","volume":"50 11","pages":"Pages 1569-1578"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical, Antibacterial, and Cytotoxic Properties of Four Different Endodontic Sealer Leachates Over Time","authors":"Jo-Hsun Chen BDS, MSc ,&nbsp;Veksina Raman BDS, MDSc ,&nbsp;Sarah A. Kuehne MSc, PhD ,&nbsp;Josette Camilleri BChD, FDS RCPS (Glasg.), MPhil, PhD ,&nbsp;Josefine Hirschfeld Dr. med. dent., FDS RCPS (Glasg.)","doi":"10.1016/j.joen.2024.08.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joen.2024.08.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The management of apical periodontitis involves the elimination of bacteria to achieve healing of the periapical tissues. To this end, understanding of the antimicrobial properties and cytotoxicity of root canal sealers over time is important. This study aimed to assess the cytocompatibility and antibacterial activity of leachates obtained from selected endodontic sealers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Four sealers were used in this study; AH Plus, an epoxy resin-based sealer, and three hydraulic calcium silicate-based sealers: AH Plus Bioceramic, BioRoot RCS, and BioRoot Flow. Sealer chemistry was assessed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrum analysis. Leachates of the tested sealers were prepared by immersing sealer discs in Hank’s balanced salt solution for 28 and 90 days. Element release was assessed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> and <em>Fusobacterium nucleatum</em> were exposed to the leachates followed by colony-forming unit determination, and the human osteoblast-like cell line Saos-2 was assessed with regard to cell death, caspase expression and activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) after stimulation with the leachates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Calcium leaching was detected in the tricalcium silicate-based sealers, which increased the leachate pH significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; .0001). AH Plus Bioceramic leachate displayed antimicrobial activity at 28 days against <em>E. faecalis</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; .01). ALP levels were reduced in response to AH Plus Bioceramic and BioRoot RCS 1-day leachates (<em>P</em> &lt; .05). High cell viability was observed after exposure to all sealers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The leachates of the tested sealers were cytocompatible; however, their antimicrobial activity as well as their potential to induce the bone formation marker ALP was minimal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endodontics","volume":"50 11","pages":"Pages 1612-1621"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142093481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro–Computed Tomographic Analysis of Radicular Dentin Thickness in Mandibular Second Molars Across Diverse Anatomic Root Variations: Identifying Potential Danger Zones","authors":"Min Chen MM ,&nbsp;Chialing Tsauo MM ,&nbsp;Shenghao Qiu MM ,&nbsp;Weiwei Wu MM ,&nbsp;Jingzhi Ma DDS, PhD ,&nbsp;Ove A. Peters DMD, MS, PhD ,&nbsp;Yuan Gao DDS, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.joen.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joen.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate radicular dentin thicknesses in mandibular second molars (MSMs), considering variations in root configuration and the morphology of the pulp chamber floor (PCF). The types of radicular grooves and potential danger zones were also identified.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 149 MSMs were scanned with micro–computed tomographic imaging and classified into 4 groups according to root fusion and PCF morphology as follows: (1) 45 with fused roots and C-shaped PCFs, (2) 45 with fused roots and non–C-shaped PCFs, (3) 14 with a single canal, and (4) 45 with separated roots. The first 2 groups were subdivided into Ω-shaped, U-shaped, and V-shaped radicular groove subgroups. Measurements included minimum and mean dentin thickness from the start of the radicular groove or root bifurcation extending 5 mm apically, the ratio of outer to inner dentin thickness, and the distribution of dentin thickness.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ω-shaped and U-shaped subgroups showed significant thinner minimum inner wall thickness than V-shaped subgroups at 2–5 mm from the starting point of the radicular groove in both C-shaped and non–C-shaped pulp floor categories (<em>P</em> &lt; .05). The mesial roots of separated rooted MSMs showed significant thinner dentin than a non–C-shaped floor regarding minimum and mean inner thickness and mean outer thickness (<em>P</em> &lt; .05). Teeth with a single canal had significantly thicker walls compared with the other 3 groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In MSMs, caution must be exercised, especially in the presence of Ω-shaped and U-shaped grooves in C-shaped roots and around the root furcation of separated roots.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endodontics","volume":"50 11","pages":"Pages 1560-1568.e3"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142288960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}