Journal of endodontics最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of the Location of the Apical Constriction in Relation to the Flash Bar of an Apex Locator: A Micro-CT Study.","authors":"Haya Mohamed El Sweify, Nelly Abdelsalam, Nasr Hashem, Ahmed Mahmoud Fouda, Christoph Bourauel, Marwa Sharaan","doi":"10.1016/j.joen.2025.06.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2025.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to locate the anatomical apical constriction (AC) of root canals using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and microscopy, and to correlate these findings with the flash bar of the Root ZX electronic apex locator (EAL). The objective was to identify the protocol that positions the file closest to the AC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The working lengths of 30 extracted single-rooted teeth were measured using Root ZX EAL with three employment protocols. Group I: Files were advanced in the canals to the \"APEX\" mark and then withdrawn to the \"end of the Blue zone\" mark. Group II: Files were advanced to the \"APEX\" mark and then withdrawn to the \"0.5\" mark. Group III: Files were advanced only to reach the \"APEX\" mark. Files were then cemented in place and examined using micro-CT and surgical operating microscope to identify the actual location of the AC. The discrepancies between the locations of the file's tip and the ACs were assessed by 3D slicer software and statistically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences were observed among the three groups based on micro-CT and surgical operating microscope measurements. The end of the blue zone achieved 100% accuracy, the 0.5 mark 85-80%, and the apex mark protocol 0-5% (within a tolerance of ±0.5 mm). An overall positive correlation was found between micro-CT and surgical microscopy measurements (r = 0.91). Working length overestimation beyond the major foramen occurred in 30% of the samples in the 0.5 mark protocol and 60% of the Apex mark group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The \"end of the Blue zone\" mark protocol provided the greatest accuracy without file extrusion, followed by the \"0.5\" mark. The \"APEX\" mark protocol is not recommended since this protocol placed the file at an average of 1.24mm apical to the AC.</p>","PeriodicalId":15703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endodontics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Systemic Statin Intake on Healing of Apical Periodontitis after Nonsurgical Root Canal Treatment: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Esha Goel, Shahrah Mkhreb, Elisabetta Cotti, Francesca Ideo, Sadia Niazi, Garrit Koller, Samira Farzadi, Francesco Mannocci","doi":"10.1016/j.joen.2025.06.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2025.06.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This retrospective cohort study compared the radiographic healing of apical periodontitis following root canal treatments and retreatments in patients regularly taking statins versus those who had never taken statins.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients who underwent root canal treatment or retreatment performed by undergraduate and postgraduate students were included. The patients were divided into two age-matched groups: those who reported regularly taking statins and those who had never taken statins. The outcome was assessed using periapical radiographs taken at least at 1-year post-treatment. Teeth with short root canal fillings were excluded. Single and multiple binary logistic regression tested the association between statin use and radiographic treatment outcome while adjusting for root-canal and restoration quality, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, patient age, tooth type, and follow-up period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 122 teeth were analyzed: 62 from patients taking statins and 60 from patients not taking statins. Using lenient criteria, logistic regression showed no significant difference in healing rates between the statin and control groups (90.3% vs. 90%; OR = 1.04; p = 0.952). However, under strict criteria, patients taking statins had a significantly lower probability of success compared to controls (62.9% vs. 85%; OR = 0.30; p = 0.008).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients taking statins had a lower number of radiographic complete healings than those not taking statins. The results of this study challenge the presumed benefits of systemic statins intake on AP healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":15703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endodontics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility and Clinical Efficacy of Minimally Invasive Straight-Incision Endodontic Microsurgery Guided by 3-Dimensional-Printed Templates: A Retrospective Case Series.","authors":"Lanxi Guan, Xiao Liu, Chen Cai, Cailing Fang, Yidi Lao, Jiaxin Huang, Yuting Huang, Xuechao Yang, Qianzhou Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.joen.2025.06.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2025.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Endodontic microsurgery (EMS) is a minimally invasive treatment for persistent periapical lesions. This study evaluates the accuracy and outcomes of a straight-incision EMS guided by 3D-printed template, with at least one year of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve teeth from nine patients underwent minimally invasive straight-incision EMS using 3D-printed templates and a trephine for both osteotomy and root-end resection. Clinical outcomes, deviations in resection length and angle, and mucosal incision healing were retrospectively assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Trephine-based root-end resection was successful in all cases, with no intraoperative or postoperative complications. Clinical and radiographic evaluations confirmed success in all patients after one year. Median resection length deviation was 0.79 mm (95% CI: 0.49-1.16), and angular deviation was 19° (95% CI: 8.03-25.47). All cases showed favorable and rapid wound healing, except for case 12.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Straight-incision EMS guided by 3D-printed templates is a precise, minimally invasive, and esthetically favorable technique that enables accurate root-end resection and promotes effective healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":15703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endodontics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144325926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Outcomes and Prognostic Factors in Endodontic Microsurgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"C Sperou, A Tepperman, A Ben Suleiman, G Malkhassian, P S Shah, A Azarpazhooh","doi":"10.1016/j.joen.2025.06.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2025.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Outcome studies are essential for evidence-based endodontics. This study evaluates rates of radiographic periapical healing and survival to reintervention in endodontic microsurgery (EMS), along with the prognostic factors associated with these outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Dental records were reviewed to identify teeth treated with EMS at the University of Toronto between 1999 and 2021. Each tooth was tracked until final follow-up (minimum of one year) or an untoward event. Radiographic periapical healing, survival, and their prognostic factors were analyzed using logistic and Cox regression, respectively. Median (IQR), odds ratios (OR), hazard ratios (HR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated (P<.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 128 teeth met the criteria for radiographic periapical healing analysis, and 186 teeth were included in the survival analysis. Median follow-up time for radiographic periapical healing was 41.5 months (IQR: 27.8-72.9). At the latest follow-up, the overall radiographic periapical healing rate was 82.8%, and it was significantly associated with the absence of periodontal involvement (OR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.1-7.7, P = .045) and root-end filling depth >2mm (OR: 3.5, 95% CI: 1.2-9.6, P = .014). Median survival follow-up time was 37.5 months (IQR: 22.3-61.6); 86.6% of teeth survived without reintervention, 1.6% required treatment, and 11.8% were extracted. Age ≤45 (HR: 3.0, P=.036) and root-end filling ≤2mm (HR: 4.3, P = .004) increased the risk of intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both radiographic periapical healing and survival rates following EMS are high. Prognostic factors were identified which require confirmation in future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endodontics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulpal Deterioration Following Restorative Procedures: A Case - Control Study.","authors":"S Desai, A Tepperman, A Ben Suleiman, G Malkhassian, D Chvartszaid, Jy Lai, A Azarpazhooh","doi":"10.1016/j.joen.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2025.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>While restorative procedures aim to preserve tooth structure and function, they may contribute to pulpal deterioration, potentially necessitating endodontic intervention. This matched case-control study examined the time lapse from the most recent definitive (terminal) restoration to the onset of pulpal deterioration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A computerized search of dental records (1999-2023) at the University of Toronto identified 1,360 permanent teeth that received terminal restorations followed by endodontic therapy (cases), matched 1:1 with 1,360 teeth that received terminal restorations without subsequent endodontic therapy (controls). Matching criteria included age at the time of restoration, tooth type, and number of prior restorations. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariable Cox regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median time lapse to pulpal deterioration among cases was 14.3 months. Crowns and bridge retainers had the longest interval (28 months), followed by amalgam (17.4), composite resin (11.9), and glass ionomer (11.4). Earlier deterioration was observed in teeth with restorations involving more than two surfaces (11.5), with more than two prior restorations (13.9), and with pulp exposure (6.6). In adjusted analyses, glass ionomer (HR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2-2.2) and multi-surface restorations (HR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.2-1.7) were statistically significant associated variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pulpal deterioration may occur after a median time lapse of 14.3 months following terminal restoration placement. Crowns/bridge retainers and amalgam restorations were associated with slower progression of pulpal deterioration, whereas composite resin, glass ionomer, multi-surface restorations, and pulp exposure were linked to an increased likelihood or earlier onset of pulpal deterioration.</p>","PeriodicalId":15703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endodontics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency and performance analysis of polymer, steel, and titanium ultrasonic inserts in intracanal medication removal.","authors":"Guilherme Nilson Alves Dos Santos, Alice Corrêa Silva-Sousa, Angelo José Sócrates Torres-Carrillo, Guilherme de Araujo Braz, Thais Oliveira Alves, Fabiane Carneiro Lopes-Olhê, Yara Teresinha Corrêa Silva-Sousa, Jardel Francisco Mazzi-Chaves, Ricardo Gariba Silva, Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto","doi":"10.1016/j.joen.2025.06.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2025.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ultrasonic inserts can be manufactured in various shapes, angles, and materials, this study evaluated the frequencies generated by steel, titanium, and polymer ultrasonic inserts using acoustic wave analysis and assessed the effectiveness of the iVac system and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) compared to conventional irrigation for removing calcium hydroxide-based intracanal medication using micro-computed tomography (microCT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Steel and titanium inserts from the Ultra X system (blue, silver, gold) and the polymer insert from the iVac system were analyzed using vibroacoustography in Ultra X (45 kHz) and Woodpecker (40 kHz) ultrasonic devices. Inserts were positioned in a water tank for standardized placement. The excitation signal was generated using MATLAB software, and power measurements were conducted in duplicate. After root canal preparation in 30 teeth, calcium hydroxide-based medication was applied and scanned using microCT. After seven days, initial removal was performed with a K-file (#45.02), followed by three protocols: conventional irrigation, PUI, or iVac. A second microCT scan was performed. ANOVA and Tukey's tests compared ultrasonic power and residual medication volume.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The steel, titanium, and polymer inserts exhibited frequencies from 37 to 45 kHz. The iVac group (99.8 ± 0.3%) achieved greater medication removal than the PUI group (97.3 ± 2.9%), both significantly superior to conventional irrigation (73.0 ± 9.4%) (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ultrasonic power of the inserts operated within the expected frequency range. The iVac system demonstrated superior effectiveness in removing intracanal medication.</p>","PeriodicalId":15703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endodontics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alkaline Treatment Enhances the Anti-Inflammatory and Reparative Potential of Dentin Matrix Proteins in Inflamed Pulp.","authors":"Peipei Jia, Jingyi Li, Jilin Wu, Xueying Li, Sicong Mao, Sainan Wang, Yanmei Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.joen.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joen.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To investigate the effects of dentin matrix-extracted complex proteins (DMEPs), especially basic-extracted DMEP (bDMEP), on the regulation of pulp inflammation and repair processes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Protein components of neutral-extracted DMEP (nDMEP) and bDMEP were analyzed using a cytokine array and ELISA. Human dental pulp cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS-hDPCs) were treated with nDMEP and bDMEP. CCK-8 and transwell experiments were employed to assess cell proliferation and migration. The expression levels of genes and proteins related to inflammation and odontogenic differentiation were analyzed through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, ELISA, immunofluorescence staining, and western blot. In vivo, gelatin sponges containing nDMEP or bDMEP were employed as pulp-capping materials in a rat pulpitis model. Histological staining was performed to evaluate inflammation and tissue repair in inflamed pulp tissue.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with nDMEP, alkaline treatment significantly increased the content of multiple growth factors (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 14, bone morphogenetic protein-2, transforming growth factor-beta1, transforming growth factor-beta2, osteopontin, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2) and decreased some inflammatory mediators (macrophage inflammatory protein-1, interleukin (IL)-17, intercellular adhesion molecule-2, neural cell adhesion molecule-1) in DMEP. bDMEP enhanced the proliferation and chemotaxis of LPS-hDPCs. DMEP, especially bDMEP, inhibited the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, CXCL10) while enhancing the expression of odontogenesis-related genes (dentin matrix protein 1, dentin sialophosphoprotein, collagen type I, alkaline phosphatase) in LPS-hDPCs. In vivo, bDMEP effectively reduced inflammatory infiltration and facilitated formation of dentin-like mineralization in a rat pulpitis model.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Alkaline treatment significantly improved the bioactivity of growth factors derived from the dentin matrix, alleviating the pulpal inflammatory response and facilitating biomimetic repair in inflamed pulp tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":15703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endodontics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonsurgical Endodontic Treatment of an Atypical Mandibular First Molar with a dens invaginatus and a Large Periradicular Radiolucency - A Case Report.","authors":"Juan Miraglia Cantarini, Francesc Abella Sans, Paul V Abbott, Marc Garcia-Font","doi":"10.1016/j.joen.2025.05.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joen.2025.05.023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This case report describes the successful management of an atypical mandibular molar with Oehler's Type II dens invaginatus and a large periradicular radiolucency with nonsurgical endodontic treatment. A 14-year-old male patient reported with pain and swelling associated with tooth #30. Clinical examination revealed that tooth #30 had an unusual coronal morphology. The intraoral periapical radiograph and cone beam computed tomography revealed an Oehler's Type II dens invaginatus with a large periradicular radiolucency. Nonsurgical root canal treatment was performed and the patient was followed-up for 46 months. Following the root canal treatment, the patient had no symptoms, no tenderness to percussion or palpation, and the tooth was not mobile. At 46 months, the radiographic examination confirmed that satisfactory healing of the periapical tissues had occurred.</p>","PeriodicalId":15703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endodontics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dentinal defects, cracks and fracture generation during ultrasonic root end preparation-A Systematic Review And Meta analysis Of In Vivo Studies.","authors":"A Aruna Kumari Veronica, B Anand Susila, C V Prakash","doi":"10.1016/j.joen.2025.05.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2025.05.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To evaluate whether ultrasonic root-end preparation in surgical endodontics contributes to the formation of cracks, fractures or dentinal defects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021251665) and conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Only clinical studies involving surgical endodontics, human participants and ultrasonic tips for root-end preparation were included; in vitro and animal studies were excluded. A comprehensive search was performed across PubMed, Clinical Trial Registry, and Cochrane databases. Prevalence data on cracks, dentinal defects, and fractures were extracted from the included studies and analyzed using MedCalc (v22.023). The strength of evidence was assessed using Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) standards. Bias in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias-2 tool, while the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools were used to evaluate bias in cohort studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen studies met inclusion criteria: five investigated cracks, one assessed both cracks and fractures, three evaluated dentinal defects and fractures, and eight focused solely on fractures. A meta-analysis was conducted for thirteen of these studies. Five studies reported a 4.5% prevalence of crack with up to 3 years follow-up, while five other studies reported a 2.6% prevalence of fracture with the same timeframe. Prevalence increased to 5.3% in another three studies with ten years follow-up. A 40% prevalence of dentinal defects was observed in three studies with up to 3 years of follow-up. Cracks did not significantly impact healing based on risk ratio but did increase the hazard ratio for development at three years. Dentinal defects significantly affected the healing as per risk ratio but did not increase the hazard ratio for development at three years; while fractures significantly impacted the risk and hazard ratio. Significantly greater fractures were seen in retreatment cases and posterior teeth. A key limitation of this review is that most included studies were cohort design, with only two randomized controlled trials. Moreover, there is a lack of studies directly comparing ultrasonic root-end preparation with other methods, limiting the strength of the conclusions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ultrasonic root-end preparation results in a significantly greater number of dentinal defects than cracks and fractures. Fractures and dentinal defects impacted healing significantly while cracks did not. Besides, cracks and fractures also increased the hazard ratio for any surviving tooth at three year analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endodontics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Reduced Irrigation and Preparation Time on the Shaping Efficiency of the New SAF Infinitum System in Long Oval Root Canals.","authors":"Michael Solomonov, Gustavo De-Deus, Rebecca R G Frota, Emmanuel J N L Silva, Felipe G Belladonna, Joe Ben-Itzhak, Marco A Versiani","doi":"10.1016/j.joen.2025.05.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joen.2025.05.027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the impact of reduced irrigation and preparation time on the shaping efficiency of the new Self-Adjusting File (SAF) Infinitum system in long oval root canals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-six extracted mandibular canines with long oval canals were anatomically matched using micro-computed tomography analysis and assigned to three experimental groups (n = 12) according to the irrigation protocol: (1) 2.5% NaOCl (4 minutes at 4 mL/min); (2) 2.5% NaOCl + etidronate (4 minutes at 2 mL/min); and (3) 2.5% NaOCl + etidronate (2 minutes at 2 mL/min). Root canals were prepared using a 2.0-mm SAF Infinitum instrument under continuous irrigation. Pre- and postoperative micro-computed tomography scans were used to assess canal volume (mm³), surface area (mm²), and the percentage of unprepared canal walls. Data were analyzed using 1-way ANOVA (α = 5%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All preparation protocols increased canal volume (26.4%-32.4%) and surface area (5.3%-8.9%), with no significant differences among groups (P > .05). The extent of unprepared canal walls remained comparable across groups, with mean values ranging from 8.7%-14.7% (P > .05). No significant shaping errors were observed, and no instrument fracture occurred during the preparation procedures. Superimposed color-coded surface models confirmed uniform dentin removal around the canal perimeter.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All tested protocols yielded comparable shaping performance. Reducing SAF preparation from 4 minutes-2 minutes using NaOCl or etidronate mixture did not compromise the preparation of long oval canals, achieving comparable increases in volume and surface area while preserving a similar extent of unprepared canal walls.</p>","PeriodicalId":15703,"journal":{"name":"Journal of endodontics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}