Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Applications of mixture methods in epidemiological studies investigating the health impact of persistent organic pollutants exposures: a scoping review","authors":"Shudi Pan, Zhenjiang Li, Bruna Rubbo, Victoria Quon-Chow, Jiawen Carmen Chen, Brittney O. Baumert, Erika Garcia, Max T. Aung, David V. Conti, Lida Chatzi","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00717-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-024-00717-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are environmental chemicals characterized by long half-lives in nature and human bodies, posing significant health risks. The concept of the exposome, encompassing all lifetime environmental exposures, underscores the importance of studying POP as mixtures rather than in isolation. The increasing body of evidence on the health impacts of POP mixtures necessitates the proper application of statistical methods.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>We aimed to summarize studies on the overall effects of POP mixtures, identify patterns in applications of mixture methods—statistical methods for investigating the association of mixtures—and highlight current challenges in synthesizing epidemiologic evidence of POP mixtures on health effects as illustrated through a case study.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We conducted a systematic literature search on PubMed and Embase for epidemiological studies published between January 2011 and April 2023.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>We included 240 studies that met our eligibility criteria. 126 studies focused on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) mixtures only, while 40 analyzed three or more classes of POPs in mixture analyses. We identified 23 unique mixture methods used to estimate the overall effects of POP mixtures, with Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR), a type of response-surface modeling, being the most common. Additionally, 22.9% of studies used a combination of methods, including response-surface modeling, index modeling, dimension reduction, and latent variable models. The most extensively explored health outcome category was body weight and birth sizes (<i>n</i> = 43), and neurological outcomes (<i>n</i> = 41). In the case study of PFAS mixtures and birth weight, 12 studies showed negative associations, while 4 showed null results, and 2 showed positive associations.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Impact Statement</h3><ul>\u0000<li>\u0000<p>This scoping review consolidates the existing literature on the overall effects of POP mixtures using statistical methods. By providing a comprehensive overview, our study illuminates the present landscape of knowledge in this field and underscores the methodological hurdles prevalent in epidemiological studies focused on POP mixtures. Through this analysis, we aim to steer future research directions, fostering a more nuanced comprehension of the intricate dynamics involved in assessing the health effects of POP mixtures. Our work stands as a significant contribution to the ongoing exploration of the chemical exposome.</p>\u0000</li>\u0000</ul>","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personal air sampling for pesticides in the California San Joaquin Valley","authors":"Deborah H. Bennett, Jane Sellen, Rebecca Moran, Christopher P. Alaimo, Thomas M. Young","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00708-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-024-00708-4","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>California is a leading agricultural state and with that, has significant applications of pesticides. Levels of exposure have been measured to be higher among residents in agricultural areas, but measures of personal inhalation exposure to a wide range of pesticides are lacking. Community members in the San Joaquin Valley have expressed concern over pesticide exposures. Working with community members, a wide range of pesticides in personal air samples were measured.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Adult and school-aged participants were recruited from small agricultural towns in the San Joaquin Valley. Participants wore a backpack sampler for 8–14 h on 1–3 days. Samples were collected on two tubes, one with Tenax-TA resin and the other with XAD-2 resin. In total, 21 pesticides were analyzed using both LC/MS and GC/MS methods.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Thirty-one adult participants and 11 school aged participants were recruited, and sampling occurred on a total of 92 days. Seven adults, 22% of adult participants, and one school child had detectable levels of at least one pesticide. Pesticides detected above the limit of detection were 1,3-dichloropropene, chlorpyrifos, pyrimethanil, burprofezin and penthiopyrad. When these samples were collected, chlorpyrifos was not permitted to be used in California.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Impact statement</h3><ul>\u0000<li>\u0000<p>California, a leading agricultural state, has significant pesticide use, leading to concern about exposures among community members. Thirty-one adult and 11 school aged participants wore personal air sampling backpacks from 1–3 days. Twenty-two percent of adult participants had detectable levels of at least one pesticide. Two pesticides with established toxicity, 1,3-dichloropropene and chlorpyrifos were detected, along with first time measurements of pyrimethanil, burprofezin and penthiopyrad in the United States, which all have potential indications of toxicity. This study suggests the need to expand which pesticides are measured in agricultural communities.</p>\u0000</li>\u0000</ul>","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Association between spill-related exposure to fine particulate matter and peripheral motor and sensory nerve function among oil spill response and cleanup workers following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.","authors":"Christina L Norris, Dale P Sandler, Gregory C Pratt, Mark R Stenzel, Patricia A Stewart, W Braxton Jackson, Fredric E Gerr, Caroline Groth, Sudipto Banerjee, Kaitlyn G Lawrence, Richard K Kwok, Emily J Werder, Lawrence S Engel","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00719-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-024-00719-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142288949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of geospatial exposure models and approaches for health data integration","authors":"Lara P. Clark, Daniel Zilber, Charles Schmitt, David C. Fargo, David M. Reif, Alison A. Motsinger-Reif, Kyle P. Messier","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00712-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-024-00712-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Geospatial methods are common in environmental exposure assessments and increasingly integrated with health data to generate comprehensive models of environmental impacts on public health.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objective</h3><p>Our objective is to review geospatial exposure models and approaches for health data integration in environmental health applications.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We conduct a literature review and synthesis.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>First, we discuss key concepts and terminology for geospatial exposure data and models. Second, we provide an overview of workflows in geospatial exposure model development and health data integration. Third, we review modeling approaches, including proximity-based, statistical, and mechanistic approaches, across diverse exposure types, such as air quality, water quality, climate, and socioeconomic factors. For each model type, we provide descriptions, general equations, and example applications for environmental exposure assessment. Fourth, we discuss the approaches used to integrate geospatial exposure data and health data, such as methods to link data sources with disparate spatial and temporal scales. Fifth, we describe the landscape of open-source tools supporting these workflows.</p>","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal exposure to ambient ozone and fetal congenital heart defects: a national multicenter study in China.","authors":"Yaqi Wang, Yanping Ruan, Xiaoyu Wan, Huan Wang, Jianhui Guo, Jing Wei, Sheng Ma, Yihua He, Zhiyong Zou, Jing Li","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00716-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-024-00716-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ambient O₃ has demonstrated an aggravated increasing trend in the context of global warming. The available evidence of maternal exposure to ambient O₃ on fetal congenital heart defects (CHD) is still limited, especially in high polluted areas.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine associations of maternal exposure to ambient O₃ during early pregnancy with fetal CHDs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a national multicenter study in 1313 hospitals from 26 provinces in China and collected a total of 27,817 participants at high risk of CHD from 2013 to 2021. Exposure to ambient O₃ during the embryonic period, preconception, the first trimester and periconception was assessed by extracting daily concentrations from a validated grid dataset at each subject's residential district. CHDs were diagnosed based on fetal echocardiography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Each 10 µg/m³ increase of exposure to ambient O₃ during the embryonic period was approximately linearly associated with a 12.7% (odds ratio [OR]: 1.127, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.098, 1.155) increase in odds of pooled CHD (p < 0.001). The associations remain robust after adjusting for ambient PM_2.5 and NO₂ exposure. The odds of different types of CHD in association with ambient O₃ exposure varied greatly. We observed significant association of ambient O₃ exposure with ventricular septal defect (VSD), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF); pulmonary stenosis (PS), pulmonary atresia (PA), transposition of great arteries (TGA) and persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC), with TOF demonstrating the strongest estimates (OR: 1.194, 95% CI:1.107, 1.288). The estimates for preconception, the first trimester and periconception demonstrate consistent findings with the main analyses, indicating stronger associations of ambient O₃ exposure during the periconception period.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Our study provides evidence that higher ambient O₃ during early pregnancy was significantly associated with increased odds of fetal CHD. Our findings suggest that pregnant women, clinical practitioners, and policy makers need to pay more attention to the exposure to higher ambient O₃ during early pregnancy to reduce the risk of developing CHD and to improve outcomes across the life span.</p>","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plastic induced urinary tract disease and dysfunction: a scoping review.","authors":"Liam O'Callaghan, Matthew Olsen, Lotti Tajouri, Davinia Beaver, Carly Hudson, Rashed Alghafri, Simon McKirdy, Adrian Goldsworthy","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00709-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-024-00709-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In 2019 the World Health Organisation published a report which concluded microplastics in drinking water did not present a threat to human health. Since this time a plethora of research has emerged demonstrating the presence of plastic in various organ systems and their deleterious pathophysiological effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review was undertaken in line with recommendations from the Johanna Briggs Institute. Five databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, Web of Science and EMBASE) were systematically searched in addition to a further grey literature search.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighteen articles were identified, six of which investigated and characterised the presence of microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) in the human urinary tract. Microplastics were found to be present in kidney, urine and bladder cancer samples. Twelve articles investigated the effect of MNPs on human cell lines associated with the human urinary tract. These articles suggest MNPs have a cytotoxic effect, increase inflammation, decrease cell viability and alter mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signalling pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Given the reported presence MNPs in human tissues and organs, these plastics may have potential health implications in bladder disease and dysfunction. As a result, institutions such as the World Health Organisation need to urgently re-evaluate their position on the threat of microplastics to public health.</p><p><strong>Impact statement: </strong>This scoping review highlights the rapidly emerging threat of microplastic contamination within the human urinary tract, challenging the World Health Organisation's assertion that microplastics pose no risk to public health. The documented cytotoxic effects of microplastics, alongside their ability to induce inflammation, reduce cell viability and disrupt signalling pathways, raise significant public health concerns relating to bladder cancer, chronic kidney disease, chronic urinary tract infections and incontinence. As a result, this study emphasises the pressing need for further research and policy development to address the challenges surrounding microplastic contamination.</p>","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualitative and mixed methods: informing and enhancing exposure science.","authors":"Denise Moreno Ramírez, Ashby Lavelle Sachs, Christine C Ekenga","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00707-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-024-00707-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Addressing complex environmental health challenges necessitates the integration of multiple research methodologies to fully understand the social, economic, and health impacts of exposure to environmental hazards. Qualitative and mixed methods (QMM) are vital in uncovering the sociocultural dynamics that influence people's interactions with their environment and subsequent health-related outcomes. QMM has the potential to reveal insights that quantitative methods might overlook. However, QMM approaches have been underutilized in exposure science, with less than 1% of the studies published in the Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (JESEE) from 2003 to 2023 employing these methods. JESEE studies that utilized QMM have enhanced exposure assessment, explored risk perceptions, and evaluated the impact of interventions, particularly among historically marginalized populations. QMM approaches have addressed gaps in traditional exposure assessment by allowing researchers to capture nuanced perspectives often missed by quantitative analyses, especially in understanding the lived experiences of affected communities. Exposure scientists are encouraged to adopt QMM to advance more comprehensive and inclusive approaches to studying and mitigating environmental risks. Fostering interdisciplinary collaborations that integrate the social sciences can enhance the development of robust, context-sensitive solutions to environmental health challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142046693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using geographic effect measure modification to examine socioeconomic-related surface temperature disparities in New York City.","authors":"Nadav L Sprague, Stephen P Uong, Nora C Kelsall, Ahuva L Jacobowitz, James W Quinn, Katherine M Keyes, Andrew G Rundle","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00714-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-024-00714-6","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Lower socioeconomic (SES) communities are more likely to be situated in urban heat islands and have higher heat exposures than their higher SES counterparts, and this inequality is expected to intensify due to climate change.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;To examine the relationship between surface temperatures and SES in New York City (NYC) by employing a novel analytical approach. Through incorporating modifiable features, this study aims to identify potential locations where mitigation interventions can be implemented to reduce heat disparities associated with SES.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Using the 2013-2017 American Community Survey, U.S Landsat-8 Analysis Ready Data surface temperatures (measured on 8/12/2016), and the NYC Land Cover Dataset at the census tract level (2098 tracts), this study examines the association between two components of tract-level SES (percentage of individuals living below the poverty line and the percentage of individuals without a high school degree) and summer day surface temperature in NYC. First, we examine this association with an unrestricted NYC linear regression, examining the city-wide association between the two SES facets and summer surface temperature, with additional models adjusting for altitude, shoreline, and nature-cover. Then, we assess geographic effect measure modification by employing the same models to three supplemental regression model strategies (borough-restricted and community district-restricted linear regressions, and geographically weighted regression (GWR)) that examined associations within smaller intra-city areas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;All regression strategies identified areas where lower neighborhood SES composition is associated with higher summer day surface temperatures. The unrestricted NYC regressions revealed widespread disparities, while the borough-restricted and community district-restricted regressions identified specific political boundaries within which these disparities existed. The GWR, addressing spatial autocorrelation, identified significant socioeconomic heat disparities in locations such as northwest Bronx, central Brooklyn, and uptown Manhattan. These findings underscore the need for targeted policies and community interventions, including equitable urban planning and cooling strategies, to mitigate heat exposure in vulnerable neighborhoods.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Impact statement: &lt;/strong&gt;This study redefines previous research on urban socioeconomic disparities in heat exposure by investigating both modifiable (nature cover) and non-modifiable (altitude and shoreline) built environment factors affecting local temperatures at the census tract level in New York City. Through a novel analytical approach, the research aims to highlight intervention opportunities to mitigate heat disparities related to socioeconomic status. By examining the association between surface temperatures and socioeconomic status, as well as in","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142046706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of air quality in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania subway.","authors":"Anjum Shahina Karim, Maeve Malone, Alex Bruno, Aimee L Eggler, Michael A Posner, Kabindra M Shakya","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00711-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-024-00711-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Subways are popular and efficient modes of transportation in cities. However, people are exposed to high levels of particulate matter (PM) in subways. Subway air quality in the United States has been investigated in a few cities, but data is lacking on simultaneous measurement of several pollutants, especially ultrafine particles (UFP) and black carbon (BC), in combination with different size fractions of PM.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The goals of this study are to assess air quality in a belowground subway and compare it with outdoor ambient levels, to examine temporal variability of PM in the subway, and to analyze the correlation between PM and BC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Particulate matter of varying sizes (PM₁, PM_2.5, PM₁₀), UFP, and BC were measured using DustTrak, nanoparticle detector, and micro aethalometer, respectively. Measurements were made at the belowground subway platform and the aboveground street level at 15th Street subway station in Philadelphia during summer 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Belowground mean PM₁, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀ were 112.2 ± 61.3 µg/m³, 120 ± 65.5 µg/m³, and 182.1 ± 132 µg/m³, respectively, which were 5.4, 5.7, and 7.6 times higher than the respective aboveground street levels. The UFP lung deposited surface area (LDSA) (59.4 ± 36.2 µm²/cm³) and BC (9.5 ± 5.4 μg/m³) belowground were 1.7 times and 10.7 times higher than the aboveground. The pollutant concentration varied from day-to-day on both the locations. A higher positive correlation was found between the belowground BC and PM_2.5 (r = 0.51, p < 0.05) compared to the aboveground (r = 0.16, p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>This study showed high levels of particulate matter exposure at a belowground subway station in Philadelphia. Particulate matter levels were about 5 to 8 times higher at belowground subway station than the corresponding aboveground street level. Higher levels were also observed for UFP lung deposited surface area (LDSA), while black carbon levels showed the highest concentration at the belowground level by a factor of ten compared to the aboveground level. The study shows the need for air quality management at belowground subways to reduce particulate matter exposure for the commuters.</p>","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141982463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the rate of healthcare encounters for influenza from source-specific PM_2.5 before and after tier 3 vehicle standards in New York state.","authors":"Daniel P Croft, Mark J Utell, Philip K Hopke, Han Liu, Shao Lin, Sally W Thurston, Sathvik Thandra, Yunle Chen, Md Rayhanul Islam, Kelly Thevenet-Morrison, Carl J Johnston, Tianming Zhao, Catherine Yount, David Q Rich","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00710-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-024-00710-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Influenza healthcare encounters in adults associated with specific sources of PM_2.5 is an area of active research.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Following 2017 legislation requiring reductions in emissions from light-duty vehicles, we hypothesized a reduced rate of influenza healthcare encounters would be associated with concentrations of PM_2.5 from traffic sources in the early implementation period of this regulation (2017-2019).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) to study adult patients hospitalized (N = 5328) or treated in the emergency department (N = 18,247) for influenza in New York State. Using a modified case-crossover design, we estimated the excess rate (ER) of influenza hospitalizations and emergency department visits associated with interquartile range increases in source-specific PM_2.5 concentrations (e.g., spark-ignition emissions [GAS], biomass burning [BB], diesel [DIE]) in lag day(s) 0, 0-3 and 0-6. We then evaluated whether ERs differed after Tier 3 implementation (2017-2019) compared to the period prior to implementation (2014-2016).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Each interquartile range increase in DIE in lag days 0-6 was associated with a 21.3% increased rate of influenza hospitalization (95% CI: 6.9, 37.6) in the 2014-2016 period, and a 6.3% decreased rate (95% CI: -12.7, 0.5) in the 2017-2019 period. The GAS/influenza excess rates were larger in the 2017-2019 period than the 2014-2016 period for emergency department visits. We also observed a larger ER associated with increased BB in the 2017-2019 period compared to the 2014-2016 period.</p><p><strong>Impact statement: </strong>We present an accountability study on the impact of the early implementation period of the Tier 3 vehicle emission standards on the association between specific sources of PM_2.5 air pollution on influenza healthcare encounters in New York State. We found that the association between gasoline emissions and influenza healthcare encounters did not lessen in magnitude between periods, possibly because the emissions standards were not yet fully implemented. The reduction in the rates of influenza healthcare encounters associated with diesel emissions may be reflective of past policies to reduce the toxicity of diesel emissions. Accountability studies can help policy makers and environmental scientists better understand the timing of pollution changes and associated health effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141912896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}