Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"The combined impact of chemical and non-chemical stressors on adverse health outcomes: an overview of reviews from the epidemiological literature and experimental animal studies","authors":"Jessica Trowbridge, Emily Lasher, Xing Gao, Nicholas Chartres, Rashmi Joglekar, Rachel Morello-Frosch, Mary A. Fox, Devon Payne-Sturges, Jessie P. Buckley, Tracey J. Woodruff","doi":"10.1038/s41370-026-00862-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-026-00862-x","url":null,"abstract":"Assessing environmental chemical health risks requires accounting for a range of factors that influence risk, including exposure to multiple chemicals, biological factors, and non-chemical stressors, such as socioeconomic status, access to health care, and discrimination. Exposure to non-chemical stressors can interact with or modify the effects of chemical exposures on adverse health outcomes, making them a critical component of cumulative risk assessment. However, incorporating this research into evidence-based decision-making, including cumulative risk assessment approaches, requires a comprehensive evaluation of the literature to understand the magnitude of non-chemical stressors' impact on the exposure-outcome relationship. To conduct an overview of reviews to identify, evaluate, and summarize the body of evidence on this topic in published systematic and scoping reviews. We pre-published our study protocol, conducted a systematic literature search, and we reviewed and extracted data from eligible studies, using the Navigation Guide Methodology for Systematic Review. We adapted and used the AMSTAR 2.0 tool to evaluate and rate the quality of environmental health studies. We identified 13 systematic and five scoping reviews that met our pre-defined eligibility criteria. All reviews evaluated human epidemiologic evidence, and one evaluated human and animal evidence. Three reviews were of moderate quality, four reviews were of low quality, and 11 reviews were critically low. We summarized the findings from reviews rated as low or moderate quality (n = 7). The most common exposure was air pollution. Studies described a broad range of outcomes and used varied definitions and conceptualizations of non-chemical stressors, including using race ethnicity as an indicator of social stress or socioeconomic status (SES) or using direct and indirect measures of SES, such as health insurance status and median household income. Two reviews with certainty assessments found an increased association with adverse health outcomes when environmental chemical and non-chemical stressors were considered together versus individually.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"36 5","pages":"1013-1029"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-026-00862-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148364768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Report-back of Research Results Strategies for Personal Chemical Exposure Data","authors":"Taylor Vogel, Kylie W. Riley, Sam Samon, Kim A. Anderson, Georgina Armstrong, Michael Barton, Melissa Bondy, Lisa Bramer, Lehyla Calero, Andrea E. Cassidy-Bushrow, Holly M. Dixon, Julie Herbstman, Carrie Leach, Abiodun Oluyomi, Jennifer K. Straughen, Katrina Waters, Diana Rohlman","doi":"10.1038/s41370-026-00932-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-026-00932-0","url":null,"abstract":"Report-back of research results (RBRR) is ethically supported and highly requested by participants, yet lacks broadly transferable guidelines for RBRR. Effective RBRR must be responsive to target audience needs and may not be addressed by a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach. Within a subset of our 19 studies on RBRR, we had the unique opportunity to carry out a comparative analysis of RBRR strategies across cohorts with similar development and evaluation methods, yet distinct in life stage, geography, number and type of chemicals assessed, and community contexts. We highlight key outcomes from three environmental health studies: an ongoing New York, NY cohort (Fair Start; n = 486) and a Detroit, MI cohort (CLEAR; n = 34) assessing exposure to ambient urban pollution during pregnancy, and a longitudinal cohort in Houston, TX (Houston-3H; n = 312) following Hurricane Harvey. Focus group and survey data were analyzed to identify lessons learned and explore how RBRR supports understanding of environmental health. Commonalities emerged in RBRR development, design, organization, and data visualization, as well as in how RBRR can contribute to an understanding of health-environment connections. Differences included preferences for individual versus community level findings, as well as distinguishable contextual considerations. For pregnancy cohorts, messaging was framed with cultural sensitivity, and to avoid unintended consequences of parental guilt due to prenatal exposures. In the post-disaster Houston-3H study, participants requested additional transparency regarding sampling design and study rationale. All RBRR case studies reported chemicals without known regulatory or health guidelines, so results were contextualized within the study population. Participants across cohorts requested multi-study comparisons to better understand their results beyond their communities. While foundational RBRR elements (e.g. plain language, graphic organizers) may supersede cohort-specific differences, RBRR should be personalized to encompass perceptions of health across different life-stage, cultural, and environmental contexts.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"36 5","pages":"888-898"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-026-00932-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148207369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in community members’ toenail metal concentrations after cessation of nearby open-burn thermal treatment of munitions waste","authors":"Myron L. Lard, Chuqi Guo, Qingzhao Yu, Thomas Blanchard, Brenda Vallee, Wilma Subra, Oluwafeyikemi Ogunmusi, Stephania A. Cormier, Jennifer Richmond-Bryant","doi":"10.1038/s41370-026-00872-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-026-00872-9","url":null,"abstract":"Colfax, LA, is a rural, predominantly minority community, where an open-burn/open-detonation (OB/OD) hazardous waste thermal treatment (TT) facility operated until December 2023. This study aimed to identify the presence of metals in the toenails of Colfax residents before and after cessation of OB/OD. Toenail samples were collected from community members in 2023–2024 (during facility operation) and 2025 (post-cessation) at locations near ( < 7.5 km) and far ( > 7.5 km) from the facility. Elevated levels of heavy metals, including lead, were observed in 2023–2024, with generally lower concentrations in 2025. Statistically significant decreases were observed for molybdenum, nickel, and lead after OB/OD ceased. In the 2023–2024 collection, samples obtained closer to the facility were more likely to have elevated levels of aluminium, iron, nickel, and lead. Exposure to OB/OD likely contributed to increased metal body burden among Colfax residents. Results suggest cessation of operations reduced community exposures to heavy metals.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"36 5","pages":"845-850"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13502313/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147849240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of a capillary blood collection device to monitor exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in Veterans living in proximity to potential sources of environmental contamination","authors":"Lauren A. Havens, Elizabeth R. Heitz, Kelsie R. Hartley, LeiAn Diaz, Jiajun Lei, Suzanne E. Fenton, Jonathan E. Katz, Andrew Patterson, Spyridoula Maraka, Terra D. Vincent-Hall, Andrew J. Morris","doi":"10.1038/s41370-026-00884-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-026-00884-5","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental exposure biomonitoring commonly requires a laboratory blood draw followed by processing, frozen storage, and transport of plasma or serum. Self-collection of blood onto matrices that are stable at ambient temperatures is an attractive approach for the measurement of circulating environmental chemicals. To validate the measurement of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in capillary whole blood (WB) collected and dried onto a paper matrix using the Drawbridge Health OneDraw device. To explore sources of personal and environmental PFAS exposure in Veterans receiving care at the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System (CAVHS). PFAS concentrations in dried capillary WB collected with the OneDraw device were compared to matched venous blood plasma PFAS concentrations in 133 Veterans receiving care at the CAVHS. PFAS were quantified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Associations between subjects’ demographic characteristics, self-reported exposure factors, and PFAS concentrations in dried capillary WB were assessed. Geometric mean PFAS concentrations were visualized by subjects’ county of residence. Measurement of 27 PFAS in dried capillary WB on OneDraw collection strips was robust with limits of quantification of 0.1 ng/mL for most analytes. In 133 Veterans, dried capillary WB levels of 10 PFAS were strongly correlated with venous blood plasma PFAS levels. WB PFAS concentrations were lower than venous blood plasma PFAS concentrations, reflecting selective partitioning of these compounds into plasma versus blood cells. WB concentrations of four PFAS (PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, and PFNA) varied by sex and age at the time of blood draw and were associated with the primary source of drinking water. WB samples collected onto dried paper matrices, are a practical and scalable alternative to conventional venous blood draws for PFAS biomonitoring. This approach facilitates remote, repeated sampling without the need for clinical infrastructure, enabling broader participation in exposure studies.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"36 5","pages":"878-887"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-026-00884-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147826144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endocrine-disrupting chemicals in breast milk and early life exposure for infants in the United States","authors":"Marnie F. Hazlehurst, Chenglin Liu, Guomao Zheng, Meghan Koch, Erika Schreder, Amina Salamova, Sheela Sathyanarayana","doi":"10.1038/s41370-026-00844-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-026-00844-z","url":null,"abstract":"Breastfeeding can be a source of exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) for infants, but limited information exists on exposure to commonly used chemicals such as melamine and bisphenols in nursing infants in the US. We aimed to measure a suite of EDCs in breast milk and evaluate exposure of nursing infants to these chemicals. We analyzed EDCs in breast milk samples collected from 50 women in Seattle, Washington during 2019, including melamine, cyanuric acid, ammeline, ammelide, bisphenol A (BPA), 4-hydroxyphenyl sulfone (BPS), 4,4′-methylenediphenol, (4,4′-hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphenol, fluorene-9-bisphenol, and triclosan. We examined associations of infant age at sample collection and maternal characteristics with log10-transformed chemical concentrations using linear regression. Estimated daily intake (EDI) of each chemical through breast milk was calculated for infants 0–12 months old using our sample median chemical concentrations. We frequently detected (62–92%) melamine, cyanuric acid, BPA, BPS, and triclosan in breast milk. Median concentrations were 0.48 ng/mL melamine, 0.59 ng/mL cyanuric acid, 0.311 ng/mL BPA, 0.012 ng/mL BPS, and 0.072 ng/mL triclosan. Older infant age (>6 versus <6 months) was associated with lower melamine concentrations (-0.41, 95% CI: −0.80, −0.01). Maternal obesity was associated with higher BPA (0.68, 95% CI: 0.14, 1.23) and maternal overweight with higher triclosan (0.43, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.80). Other associations with participant characteristics were suggestive but not statistically significant. EDIs for infants in the average exposure scenario ranged by infant age from 40.3 to 72.8 ng/kg-bodyweight/day for melamine and 86.5–156 ng/kg-bodyweight/day for BPA. We frequently detected melamine, cyanuric acid, BPA, BPS, and triclosan in breast milk. EDIs through breastfeeding were generally higher than for other exposure pathways (e.g., dermal uptake, dust ingestion or inhalation), and more work is needed to understand potential health effects of chronic infant exposures to even low levels of these ubiquitous chemicals through breast milk. This study adds to the limited research to date on endocrine-disrupting chemicals in breast milk, exposure among nursing infants in the US, and differences by infant and maternal characteristics, to further inform cumulative exposure assessment in infants and regulatory thresholds. Melamine, cyanuric acid, BPA, BPS, and triclosan were detected with high frequency in breast milk samples in our study, and our study suggests that breast milk is an important exposure pathway for these chemicals among nursing infants. Given the importance of breastfeeding for infant health, our study highlights the need to investigate potential health effects of these chronic exposures.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"36 3","pages":"550-558"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147795271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in socio-demographic and environmental exposures at home vs. school in the ECHO cohort","authors":"Kyung Hwa Jung, Justin D. Vargas, Samrie Beshah, Jeffery Burkle, Erika Rasnick Manning, Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, James Quinn, Cole Brokamp, Jeanette A. Stingone, Julie Herbstman, Rachel L. Miller, Emily Oken, Patrick H. Ryan, James E. Gern, Stephanie Lovinsky-Desir, for the ECHO Cohort Consortium","doi":"10.1038/s41370-026-00875-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-026-00875-6","url":null,"abstract":"Social and environmental exposures, typically characterized at residential locations, are linked to adverse respiratory outcomes in children; yet, children spend a significant amount of time in school. Little is known about how socio-demographic and environmental exposures vary between home and school settings. The objectives of this study were to compare home and school exposures and to assess whether these differences were consistent across cities and varied by home-school distance. Home and school addresses were geocoded for 6–13 year olds (n = 923) from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) consortium. Children were drawn from cohorts located in New York City (NYC), Boston, Cincinnati, Baltimore, and St. Louis. Four categories of exposures were assessed: neighborhood socio-demographics (assigned at the census-tract level), ambient pollution (fine particulate matter (PM2.5); 1 × 1 km grids), traffic-exposure (primary/secondary road proximity, traffic/truck density; 400 m-buffer), and green-space (Enhanced Vegetation Index; 500-m, 1500-m, and 2500-m buffer). Overall, neighborhood socio-demographic characteristics were less favorable near home vs school including median household income ($58,125 vs $63,315), poverty (7.8% vs 5.9%), percentage of residents with less than high school education attainment (9.8% vs 8.4%), households receiving public assistance (7.6% vs 6.0%; p < 0.002 for all). Home-school differences were greatest for poverty and receiving public assistance in Baltimore (median: 48.9% and 39.3%) and St. Louis (15.8% and 15.7%), whereas the other cities showed no differences (median values of 0). Overall, children who lived farther from school (≥3.4 km), had greater differences in neighborhood socio-demographics (near vs far median percent difference: 0 vs 16.8% less than high school education, 0 vs 43.1% receiving public assistance) with the largest distance-related percent differences observed in NYC and Baltimore. No meaningful home-school differences were observed in particulate pollution, traffic-exposure, green-space (e.g., home vs school PM2.5: 9.8 vs 9.9 μg/m3) regardless of the distance between home and school.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"36 5","pages":"919-928"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147795323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporating a dermal absorption route into high throughput toxicokinetic modeling","authors":"Annabel Meade, Celia M. Schacht, Marina V. Evans, Alex George, Rachael Cogbill, Risa R. Sayre, John F. Wambaugh","doi":"10.1038/s41370-026-00881-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-026-00881-8","url":null,"abstract":"Dermal absorption of chemicals represents an important route of exposure in pharmaceutical, occupational, and environmental settings. Thousands of chemicals with little toxicity or toxicokinetic (TK) data are in use. However, in many cases, in vitro bioactivity data are available. While it is not feasible to collect in vivo TK data, TK may be estimated using high-throughput methods. This study developed a generalized physiologically-based TK (PBTK) dermal exposure model for in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE). This model estimates dermal exposures that result in systemic concentrations comparable to those associated with in vitro bioactivity. The PBTK model simulated dermal exposures for 22 unique exposure scenarios across 12 chemicals with published in vivo concentration time course TK data. Two different methods for estimating chemical- and vehicle-specific skin permeability were evaluated: Potts-Guy [1] and Surrey [2]. Root mean squared log10 errors (RMSLE) were calculated on a per-chemical and method basis. Given only 12 chemicals with in vivo TK data to permit evaluation, a single, optimal method for predicting dermal permeability could not be identified. IVIVE was performed separately using both permeability methods to calculate administered equivalent doses (AEDs) relevant to potential occupational exposure for 561 chemicals with in vitro bioactivity data. AEDs were defined here as parts per million (ppm) solution concentrations that would result in bioactive plasma concentrations after eight hours of submerged hands. The Potts-Guy method indicated that AED concentrations were not achievable for many chemicals. The new dermal PBTK model works with a pre-existing database of more than one thousand compounds including industrial chemicals and pesticides. Regardless of method, IVIVE indicated that dermal exposures can lead to bioactive plasma concentrations for only a small fraction of the chemicals with in vitro bioactivity data examined. Gloves might be recommended for handling those chemicals. Rapid estimation of risk posed by chemicals through dermal contact is an important need for occupational settings. A generic PBTK model was developed to characterize dermal absorption using chemical-specific in vitro data for metabolism and protein binding and physico-chemical properties. The model was evaluated using in vivo toxicokinetic data for multiple chemicals. The data were equivocal with respect to different dermal absorption assumptions. The new model allows for conversion of in vitro chemical bioactivity data from high-throughput toxicity screening to solution concentrations that would result in bioactive plasma concentrations in occupationally relevant conditions.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"36 5","pages":"951-963"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147795283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An assessment of measurement error when using maternal urinary phthalates as proxies for placental tissue levels in the estimation of the association of prenatal phthalates and infant anogenital distance","authors":"Hai-Wei Liang, Nathaniel Snyder, Jiebiao Wang, Janet Catov, Rahel Birru, Emily S. Barrett, Sheela Sathyanarayana, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Jennifer J. Adibi","doi":"10.1038/s41370-026-00886-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-026-00886-3","url":null,"abstract":"Direct measurement of in utero phthalate exposure in placental and fetal tissues is generally not possible. Maternal urinary levels serve as proxies and may introduce measurement error, biasing health effect estimates. We adjusted for measurement error when using maternal urinary phthalates as proxies for placental–fetal exposure and to evaluate the impact of this correction on the association between prenatal phthalate exposure and anogenital distance (AGD). We biopsied and analyzed 68 placentas from the TIDES study (San Francisco site: n = 204, 2010–2012). Phthalate metabolite concentrations were measured in three placental tissue types: chorion smooth (CS), chorion frondosum (CF), and basal plate (BP). Phthalate concentrations were standardized to remove pre-processing variation. Regression calibration (RC) and multiple imputation for measurement error (MIME) were used for correction. Associations between phthalates and AGD were estimated by generalized linear models. Bias was quantified by calculating the percent change in the beta coefficient from the gold standard (placental phthalate) to the proxy (urinary phthalate), after correction for measurement error. Phthalate metabolites were detected in over 70% of placental tissues. Monoethylhexyl (MEHP) phthalate was the most abundant metabolite in CF and in CS. Phthalate concentrations were lowest in BP and varied across placental tissues. Weak associations were found between urinary and placental phthalates. MIME outperformed RC, reducing bias in the average phthalate effect on AGD in the male by 30% for AGD-penis and 69% for AGD-scrotum, and in the female by 32% for AGD-clitoris and 45% for AGD-fourchette. Placental phthalate concentrations varied by tissue type and showed poor correlation with maternal urinary levels. MIME outperformed RC in adjusting for measurement error in this setting. Findings suggest maternal and placental exposures are distinct constructs, highlighting the need for direct placental measurement in phthalate toxicity studies. Further research can improve phthalate exposure assessment and knowledge of maternal-placental-fetal transfer. This study highlights a key gap in environmental health research, where maternal urinary phthalates are often used as proxies for placental and fetal exposure. Using two correction methods, we found that maternal urinary and placental phthalates represent distinct exposure constructs and are not interchangeable.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"36 5","pages":"929-938"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147795179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic characteristics of populations living near industrial land disposals of known and suspected carcinogens across the United States","authors":"Elizabeth Sharp, Caroline N. Pruitt, Jared A. Fisher, Abigail R. Flory, Barry I. Graubard, Mary H. Ward, Rena R. Jones, Jessica M. Madrigal","doi":"10.1038/s41370-026-00873-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-026-00873-8","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial facilities dispose of millions of pounds of chemical waste in U.S.-based landfills, surface impoundments, and underground injection wells annually, but information on populations living in proximity to these releases is limited. We quantified on-site land disposals of known and suspected human carcinogens and evaluated population characteristics associated with disposals in the 50 U.S. states and Puerto Rico. We linked land releases of known and suspected carcinogenic chemicals from regulatory data (2010–2018) to 2010 census tract data overall and by region. We estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for associations of population characteristics with land releases of arsenic, asbestos, benzene, beryllium, cadmium, formaldehyde, nickel, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), cobalt, lead, and styrene, comparing tracts with the highest releases ( > median or 4th quartile) to those with zero releases using population density-adjusted multinomial logistic regression models. Known carcinogens with releases mostly to land included arsenic, asbestos, beryllium, cadmium, formaldehyde, nickel, and PCBs. Probable carcinogens included acrylamide, acrolein, cobalt, and hydrazine. Land disposal amounts were highest in the West and South. The tract proportion of Black population was associated with 8–31% higher odds of the highest land disposals of lead, cadmium, and formaldehyde. Increases in Hispanic and Latino population were associated with 29–33% higher odds of a tract having the highest disposals of benzene, asbestos, PCBs, and styrene. Measures of lower socioeconomic status were associated with the highest disposals, including 16–72% higher odds of tracts having the highest disposals per 10% increase in the proportion of families experiencing poverty. Our findings highlight differences between populations living in areas with industrial land disposals compared to areas without them. As most studies of industrial pollution focus on air exposure, this study illustrates the need to consider land disposals as potential sources of environmental exposure to known and suspected carcinogens.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"36 5","pages":"910-918"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-026-00873-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147795333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Back to the future: trace lead in ambient air from wood fuel combustion","authors":"Patricia Henegan, Austin Bartlett, Nora Traviss, Richard E. Peltier","doi":"10.1038/s41370-026-00874-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-026-00874-7","url":null,"abstract":"Deciding to classify wood as a renewable resource for residential space heating is a contentious issue because it balances a relatively inexpensive fuel, against the public health risks of wood smoke exposure. To investigate wood fuel emissions as a source of trace lead exposure via ambient air in the northern regions of the United States (US). Federal Reference Methods filters (n = 182) were obtained from the state of Vermont’s Department of Environmental Conservation from Rutland (n = 97) and New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services from Keene (n = 85). Filter samples were collected during the winters of 2011–2016 and analyzed by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence. Chemical speciation data was compiled from 22 national sites via the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments and EPA Chemical Speciation Network (CSN), which were compared to the concentrations of wood smoke emissions observed across northeastern US. Our evidence indicates a link between wood burning emissions with increased concentrations in particle-bound lead that is associated with wood combustion. Linear regression models in Keene, NH (R2 = 0.438) and Rutland, VT (R2 = 0.341) indicate moderate agreement between tracers of wood smoke and lead suggesting a common source. On average, lead concentrations ranged from 0.86 ng/m³ in the Rocky Mountains Region to 1.70 ng/m³ in the Southeast Region. We observed varying correlations between lead and potassium across the US, with slight-to-modest agreement (R2 = 0.09–0.47) at most sites; the strongest associations were on the Pacific Coast (R2 > 0.40). This suggests that a strong relationship between potassium and lead is observed at many nationwide locations. Wood burning, an activity common in many rural parts of the US, is a likely anthropogenic source of lead introduced into ambient air throughout the northern portion of the US in the winters of 2011-2016. These ambient lead exposures are likely to have long-term adverse public health impacts.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"36 5","pages":"851-859"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147795193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}