Advances in Obesity, Weight Management & Control 最新文献

{"title":"Underlying mechanisms for physical activity-induced brain plasticity","authors":"Kimia Moiniafshari, Farshad kalantari, Hafez Behzadi nezhad","doi":"10.15406/aowmc.2023.13.00384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aowmc.2023.13.00384","url":null,"abstract":"Physical activity is an important component in daily life which become more important when comes to health-related complications. Physical activity regardless the type and intensity, can bring beneficial effect for general health and can improve skills in several aspects including learning tasks and response to stimuli along with other health benefits. By recruiting regular physical activity and exercise, which happened for athletes, some structural and functional changes may occur in some regions of brain including increase in network connection, increase the speed of message transformation, increase in gray matter, synaptic plasticity and brain plasticity. There are several suggested mechanisms for physical activity-induced brain plasticity including increase in gene expression, BDNF, IGF-1, VEGF and activation of cellular cascade. Although the beneficial effects of physical activity on brain flexibility is well known which is reviled in athletes, the most effective type of activity which can affect brain flexibility the most, is not clear yet.","PeriodicalId":156722,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Obesity, Weight Management & Control ","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116713039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of eating behavior on growth retardation in children","authors":"H. Makhlouki, A. Jafri, M. Arbaoui, Abdelfetah Derouiche","doi":"10.15406/aowmc.2022.13.00383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aowmc.2022.13.00383","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":156722,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Obesity, Weight Management & Control ","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122467457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can caffeine activate your brown fat? Effects of caffeine, ephedrine, and norepinephrine on nonshivering thermogenesis in congenic lean and obese LA/Ntul//-cp rats","authors":"Orien L Tulp","doi":"10.15406/aowmc.2023.13.00382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aowmc.2023.13.00382","url":null,"abstract":"To determine the effects of norepinephrine (NE) or of caffeine (CAF) alone or in combination with ephedrine (EPH) were determined in groups of lean and obese LA/Ntul//-cp Rats, Body weights of obese were >> lean littermates (p=<0.01) and measures of RMR of lean > Obese (p=<0.05). The effects of caffeine, ephedrine, a caffeine+ephedrine combo, and the β- agonist epinephrine was examined. Caffeine (CAF) resulted in a 33% increase in VO2, ‘nonephedrine’ (EPH) a 48% increase, the combination CAF+EPH a 53% increase, and the NE a 33% increase in VO2. In obese rats, the increases in VO2 were of a similar percentage (21 vs 48 vs 47 % vs 31% for CAF, EPH, CAF+EPH and NE respectively although the peak responses attained in the obese tended to be of a significantly lesser absolute magnitude than were observed in the lean phenotype. The time to peak thermogenic response was similar in lean and obese phenotypes for each of the 4 treatment regimens, but the duration of the peak responses to each treatment differed between lean and obese phenotypes (Obese > lean) for CAF, EPH and the CAF+EPH combination but duration of the VO2 response was similar in both phenotypes for the NE treatment. Thus, these observations are consistent with a significant CAF-stimulated thermogenic response that was qualitatively similar to that of NE in both lean and obese phenotypes of the congenic LA/Ntul//-cp rat and which thermogenic responses were further augmented with EPH alone or in combination with CAF. Although the mechanisms of action of the pharmacologic and physiologic mechanisms elicited may differ among the three agents studied the results indicate that they are complimentary in nature in bringing about increases in parameters of nonshivering thermogenesis and thus increasing metabolic energy expenditure in both lean and obese rats. In conclusion, while caffeine as monotherapy may bring about limited weight loss, the combination of caffeine plus ephedrine was more effective in the lean and obese phenotypes of the congenic, non-diabetic LA/Ntul//-cp (Corpulent) rat.","PeriodicalId":156722,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Obesity, Weight Management &amp; Control ","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122340513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood obesity and curcumin: a possible effective anti-obesity adjunct","authors":"R. Marks","doi":"10.15406/aowmc.2022.12.00381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aowmc.2022.12.00381","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity, a largely intractable health condition with incalculable health, financial and social costs and ramifications and often emerging in the context of early childhood and without amelioration thereafter, remains an immense challenge to mitigate effectively, despite years of study. Consequently, interventions that can limit the early onset of obesity, or help to reduce this to any degree where present, remain of high significance. Studied now for over 20 years, the role of spices such as turmeric that contains a yellow pigment known as curcumin, a derivative employed widely in Asian dietary and health contexts for centuries appears promising for purposes of combating obesity and its analogues such as diabetes. Based on available data, this mini review specifically discusses some findings regarding curcumin and obesity, and what has been observed to date. Extracted from current literature, it is concluded that this is a field of significant promise, but one requiring more research among young people as well as diverse obesity associated conditions across time.","PeriodicalId":156722,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Obesity, Weight Management &amp; Control ","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128401651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity and bone health: key 2020–2022 highlights and implications","authors":"R. Marks","doi":"10.15406/aowmc.2022.12.00378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aowmc.2022.12.00378","url":null,"abstract":"Sound bone health is crucial for life affirming activities, but is bone physiology impacted in the face of excess body weight? Since fractures and osteoporosis are on the rise, is obesity a risk factor for, as well as a possible negative albeit remediable correlate of bone health in the older adult? To examine this premise the PUBMED and GOOGLE SCHOLAR data bases were sourced for relevant data published between January 1 2020 and November 1 2022 in an effort to capture post COVID-19 possible research observations on the topic. These data bases show while a pervasive idea has been that obesity may be beneficial in some respects to bone mineral density attributes and impart fracture protection, several current publications tend to portray a negative impact of obesity on bone health via multiple proposed mechanisms. However, the research points to a strong need for continued research as well as clinical vigilance of vulnerable individuals both young and old in a period where obesity rates in all age groups appear to be on the rise, along with cases of bone fragility and osteoarthritis that can both foster high morbidity and mortality rates and possibly more challenging weight issues in the face of painful fractures or joint derangement.","PeriodicalId":156722,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Obesity, Weight Management &amp; Control ","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134401901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood obesity and racism: 2022 views and observations","authors":"R. Marks","doi":"10.15406/aowmc.2022.12.00376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aowmc.2022.12.00376","url":null,"abstract":"As obesity continues to pose an immense challenge to mitigate effectively, efforts to untangle its determinants continue, especially those that may exacerbate or impact childhood obesity, and its predictable and well-established multiple often irreversible negative health impacts. Studied for many years in various spheres, the role played by socially derived inequalities, and their long term health effects on youth have not been well studied in this regard, however. This mini review discusses what appears to be a possible insidious and contributing factor impacting various forms of service, resource disparities, and situational opportunities that may explain in part the prevailing and unequal childhood obesity rates between minorities and the mainstream child in the United States. Extracted from current literature, it is concluded that this is a topic of high potential and clinical relevance, and one worthy of intense study, more acceptance and recognition, plus dedicated sustainable collaborative policy goals and supportive efforts.","PeriodicalId":156722,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Obesity, Weight Management &amp; Control ","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130033895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of phenotype on development of brown and white adipose tissue cellularity and nonshivering thermogenesis in the wistar fatty rat","authors":"Orien L Tulp","doi":"10.15406/aowmc.2022.12.00374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aowmc.2022.12.00374","url":null,"abstract":"Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been noted in cadaveric specimens by anatomists for hundreds of years and is now known to be a primary peripheral tissue in the expression of non-shivering thermogenesis in response to perturbations in diet and environment in homeothermic species including man and animals. The Wistar Fatty Rat (WFR) is an animal model of obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and NIDDM and expresses the (-fa) obesity trait in an NIH/Wistar background. This stain has been reported to exhibit NIDDM and an impaired thermogenic response to parameters of diet and environment in the obese phenotype. Groups of lean and obese male WFR rats were maintained in hanging wire-bottomed steel cages and fed a nutritionally complete diet containing 54% CHO as equal parts cornstarch (ST) and sucrose (SUC) (50:60 w/w) plus vitamins, minerals, fiber, and essential micronutrients from 22 to 30 weeks of age. Measures of body weight were monitored and measures of resting, and norepinephrine stimulated VO2 determined. Animals were sacrificed by decapitation and the Interscapular BAT depot (IBAT) and primary white adipose tissue (WAT) depots excised in their entirety for measures of adiposity including adipocyte size and number per IBAT and WAT depots. The studies included measures of adipocyte lipid content and adipocyte number of WAT depots including the dorsal (DOR), epididymal (EPI) and visceral retroperitoneal (VRP) depots. Final Body weights, net weight gain and relative adiposity of obese were significantly greater than their lean littermates throughout the study with the greatest increase in WAT cell lipid content and adipocyte number in the VRP depot. IBAT cell number, cell lipid content of IBAT tissues and IBAT:BW ratio of obese >> lean littermates. Fasting glucose was similar in both phenotypes, but fasting insulin and the Insulin: Glucose (I: G) ratios were markedly elevated in obese+NIDDM animals. Resting VO2 and the thermic response to NE of lean >> Obese+NIDDM. A robust NE response in plasma glucose concentrations occurred in both phenotypes following NE with the greatest increase in the obese+NIDDM phenotype. The results of this study indicate that while the development of IBAT and WAT mass and cellularity became exaggerated via hyperplasia and hypertrophy in the obese-NIDDM animals, the superimposition of early hyperphagia and the NIDDM stigmata which likely includes the development of significant IR is a contributing factor. The elevations in I: G and IR of the Obese+NIDDM phenotype may further facilitate adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy in both WAT and BAT depots and may further compromise the capacity of the obese diabetic animals to fully express BAT-mediated contributions to NST. Moreover, the increased BAT mass and cellularity in the Obese+NIDDM was not by itself a reliable predictor of the thermic responses to diet and environment.","PeriodicalId":156722,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Obesity, Weight Management &amp; Control ","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122087459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short story: threats imposed by Covid-19 on mental health","authors":"Bisma Nasir","doi":"10.15406/aowmc.2022.12.00373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aowmc.2022.12.00373","url":null,"abstract":"The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (CoViD-19) along with many symptoms of physical illness has also been associated with many mental health problems. These mental health problems may arise in response to preventive and quarantine measures of isolation and controlled life activities.","PeriodicalId":156722,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Obesity, Weight Management &amp; Control ","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128537703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical complications in 166,601 surgical patients with morbid obesity vary directly with increasing age independent of BMI","authors":"L. perry","doi":"10.15406/aowmc.2022.12.00371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aowmc.2022.12.00371","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To identify the incidence of obesity co-morbidities by age in patients with obesity. Methods: Pre-operative data on 166,601 patients from the Surgical Review Corporation’s BOLD database was analyzed by age. Data: demographics, BMI, and percent of 33 obesity co-morbidities. Statistics: ANOVA for continuous variables; Dichotomous variables by general linear models. Results: BMI and percent alcohol/tobacco/substance use, PCOS, mental health diagnosis, and pseudotumor cerebri varied inversely by age. Percent hernia, abdominal panniculitis, angina, cholelithiasis, CHF, DVT/PE, fibromyalgia, impaired function, GERD, diabetes, gout, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, dyslipidemia, leg edema, back pain, musculoskeletal pain, obesity hypoventilation, peripheral vascular disease, pulmonary hypertension, stress incontinence, and unemployment (n=23) increased directly with increasing age, peaking in the 60-70 and >70 years cohorts. Asthma, depression, psychologic impairment, and liver disease were highest in the 40-60 decades Conclusions: In patients with obesity, weight-related medical conditions vary dramatically by age. Younger patients had highest BMI and suffered most from alcohol/tobacco/substance abuse and psychological problems. The major weight-related cardiopulmonary, abdominal/hepatobiliary, endocrine/metabolic, and somatic issues increased progressively with each higher decade of age. This advance knowledge of obesity risks by age may raise clinical index of suspicion, possibly facilitating presumptive management of patients with obesity and improved outcomes.","PeriodicalId":156722,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Obesity, Weight Management &amp; Control ","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126448534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"De Novo lipogenesis inhibitors: as the other innovative agents for therapy of metabolic diseases (obesity, NAFLD/NASH, CVD)","authors":"Kulvinder Kochar Kaur","doi":"10.15406/aowmc.2022.12.00367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/aowmc.2022.12.00367","url":null,"abstract":"For survival fatty acids are necessary, working as substrates for bioenergy generation, structural constitutents along with signaling molecules. With their key part, evolutionary modes bycells for fatty acids formation from alternative carbon resources via a event labelled as de novo’’ lipogenesis ( DNL). In spite of the knowledge of significance regarding its up regulation abnormalities being correlatedwith numerous types of pathological conditions. Attempt at hampering core DNL enzymes inclusive ofcitrate/iso citratecarrier(CIC), ATP citrate lyase ( ACLY), acetyl CoA carboxylase(ACC) along with fatty acid synthase( FAS) apparently should turn out to be a good therapeutic approach. Although numeroushurdles anticipated regarding effectiveness, selectiveness besides safety variable newer classes of synthetic DNL hampering agents have reached clinical stage generation besides becoming the basis for a newer class of treatment substances. Having earlier reviewed numerous articles regarding obesity along with its co-morbidities type2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) NAFLD /NASH here we have presented a narrative review regarding the evolutionary generation of DNL hampering agents as potential treatment agents. For this we review utilizing search engine pubmed, google scholar; web of science; embase; Cochrane review library for which we have extracted data from earliest data with the recognition of significance of various enzymes besides their allosteric, covalent, transcriptional control of fatty acids generation & the problems encountered for their generation till date. Apart from obesity associated therapeutics their utility extends to acne vulgaris, various cancer thrapies besides treating neurod generational diseases.","PeriodicalId":156722,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Obesity, Weight Management &amp; Control ","volume":"60 31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116160235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}