Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies, 2005. RAST 2005.最新文献

{"title":"Maintaining RADARSAT-1 image quality performance in extended mission","authors":"S. Côté, S. Srivastava, P. Le Dantec, R.K. Hawkinss","doi":"10.1109/RAST.2005.1512653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAST.2005.1512653","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) calibration and image quality monitoring of RADARSAT-1 in its extended mission, as evolved from the earlier phases of the calibration plan, after its launch in 1995 and the start its routine operation in 1996. Since the early qualification period of the mission, both single beams and ScanSAR operating modes are monitored routinely, based on Amazon Rainforest images for radiometric calibration performance, and on images of Precision Transponders for image quality performance. After an initial calibration phase, radiometric monitoring showed changes in the characteristics of several previously calibrated elevation antenna patterns and compensation for these changes were, and are still made in the image processor. In addition, a major upgrade of the ScanSAR processor completed at the Canadian Data Processing Facility (CDPF) in 2002 provided significant improvements in image quality and radiometry. Through the five-year nominal mission which ended in 2001 and the four years of the current extended mission, radiometrically and geometrically calibrated imagery products were continuously provided to worldwide users. In late October 2000 however, concerns began to rise of the possibility of failure of the Horizon Scanner 1 (HS1), which would result in operating the spacecraft in a degraded attitude control mode, compared to the current primary operation. Experiments were conducted to better understand the impact on image quality when operating in backup attitude control mode. In mid 2002, aging considerations for the On-Board Recorder also led to survey natural sites within Canadian data reception masks for their potential to support radiometric analyses, as an alternative to the Amazon Rainforest, where images are recorded.","PeriodicalId":156704,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies, 2005. RAST 2005.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128738779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of geographic information and remotely sensed data in the decision-making support system for flood management in Romania","authors":"C. Alecu, G. Stancalie","doi":"10.1109/RAST.2005.1512635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAST.2005.1512635","url":null,"abstract":"Flooding is an important risk in many areas around the globe and especially in Romania. In the latest years flooding occurred quite frequently in Romania, some of which isolated, others were affecting wide areas of the country's territory. The paper assumes a modern approach for the flooding risk indices, associated to the physic-geographical, morpho-hydrographical and vulnerability characteristics of a region. The objective of this study is to establish a methodology that should further allow determining the flooding risk, using representative indices at a scale compatible with a synthetic representation of the territory. There are stressed the facilities supplied by the Geographic Information System (GIS) and the remotely sensed data to manage flooding during their characteristic phases: before, during and after flooding. Accent is laid on the pre- and post-crisis phases. An important research topic was the study of the parameters that can be extracted from satellite images in view of organizing a hierarchy of the geographical space versus the flooding risk. Although satellite sensors cannot measure the hydrological parameters directly, remote sensing can supply information and adequate parameters to contribute to identify and map the hydrological risk at the basin level. There is various information deriving from analyzing high spatial resolution satellite images. In this respect, a series of criteria were determined from the radiometric information contained in image-data concerning the biophysical and anthropical parameters of basins. The morphological characteristics were extracted by image processing and from the Digital Terrain Model (DTM). Information obtained from satellite images proved to be useful for the determination of certain parameters necessary to monitor flooding: hydrographic network, water accumulation, size of floodable surface, land impermeability degree, water absorption capacity over the basin surface, or resilience to in-soil water infiltration. The nature of this information through the spatial and temporal coverage attributes may contribute to build complete databases suitable to allow simulations or scenarios. The study encompassed both the risk degree levels related with various parameters, which influence and determine flooding and which takes into consideration the human presence in the sensitive areas. This approach implies establishing also the vulnerability degree function of the costs of human and material nature that flooding may determine. The application was developed for the Arges hydrographic basin in Romania, a critical area, keeping in mind that it withholds many localities, including the capital and also important economic centers. Advantages offered by this integrated system are: to manipulate and make available large databases, to easily update the information, to survey the temporary modifications, to establish the link between the measured/forecasted data and the GIS database. The database allows o","PeriodicalId":156704,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies, 2005. RAST 2005.","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129733851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of dynamic MTF calibration system for an Earth observation satellite","authors":"W. Mahmood, S.M.A. Shah","doi":"10.1109/RAST.2005.1512561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAST.2005.1512561","url":null,"abstract":"The imaging payload of an EO satellite is required to obtain images of the Earth's surface underneath, as per required in terms of spatial and spectral resolution. In general terms, the essential performance criterion for an imaging system Is Its MTF (Modulation Transfer Function). The MTF can be calculated for certain components of IP like for Optics, Imaging sensor and IP electronics. Whereas there are other components as well, which do contribute towards MTF. These are relative motion of the object and IP, as well as different illumination angles of the illuminator (Sun) on the surface of earth, thus contributing the blur and blooming effect in IP, which again potentially affects the measurement of MIT for the IP. In order to simulate this environment on ground to calibrate the MTF of the IP or any camera that is prepared for the use on sin EO satellite, a flexible experimental setup has been devised and the results thereof have been presented, in this paper.","PeriodicalId":156704,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies, 2005. RAST 2005.","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130615557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ground deformation monitoring of the Santorini volcano using satellite radar interferometry","authors":"E. Lagios, I. Parcharidis, M. Foumelis, V. Sakkas","doi":"10.1109/RAST.2005.1512651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAST.2005.1512651","url":null,"abstract":"The island complex of Santorini is located at the central part of the Hellenic Volcanic Arc in the Southern Aegean Sea. This volcano complex basically consists of five islands, Thera, Therassia, Palea Kammeni, Nea Kammeni and Aspronisi forming a caldera of 83 km/sup 2/ with 390 m depth. The last significant volcanic activity took place between 1925 and 1950. However, the volcano is at a rest state during the last 50 years. The present work refers to the ground deformation monitoring of the area using ERS1, ERS2 and Envisat radar scenes from 1993 to 2004. A total number of four ERS1&2 SLC radar images covering the period 1993 to 1999, and two ENVISAT ASAR images for the period 2003-2004 were used. The method applied was the two-passes interferometry with a contribution of a high resolution Digital Elevation Model. The interferometric results show that although the volcano is at a rest phase, in the two volcanic centers of Pales and Nea Kammeni ground deformation (subsidence) of 62 mm along the line of sight of the satellite was detected.","PeriodicalId":156704,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies, 2005. RAST 2005.","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127951881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building damage detection from post-earthquake aerial imagery using building grey-value and gradient orientation analyses","authors":"E. Sumer, M. Turker","doi":"10.1109/RAST.2005.1512634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAST.2005.1512634","url":null,"abstract":"The collapsed buildings due to 1999 Kocaeli earthquake were detected from post-event panchromatic aerial imagery based on grey-value and the gradient orientation of the buildings. The building boundaries were available and stored in a GIS as vector polygons. The building polygons were utilized to perform the assessments in a building specific manner. The approach was implemented in a selected area of Golcuk, which is one of the urban areas most strongly hit by the earthquake. First, the buildings were selected one-by-one from the integrated vector (building boundaries) and raster (aerial photo) data set. The building damage detection process was then divided into two branches. In the first branch, the detection was performed using the building grey-value information. To do that, a greyvalue threshold (T1) was determined for discriminating the collapsed buildings from the un-collapsed ones. In the second branch, a group of operations including the gradient calculation and the determination of gradient orientation were performed. By utilizing the orientation information, an optimum threshold level (T2) was determined for the standard deviation of the angle distribution of the building pixels. When assessing the condition of a building, the results of the two branches were combined and a final decision was made in an integrated manner. Of the 284 buildings analyzed, 254 were labeled correctly as collapsed or un-collapsed providing an overall accuracy of 89.44%. The results reveal that the collapsed buildings due to the earthquake can be successfully detected from post-event aerial images.","PeriodicalId":156704,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies, 2005. RAST 2005.","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123155983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multispectral target detection by statistical methods","authors":"S. Demirci, B. Yazgan, O. Ersoy","doi":"10.1109/RAST.2005.1512649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAST.2005.1512649","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, targets and nontargets in a multispectral image were characterized in terms of their spectral features. Then, target detection procedures were performed. Target detection problem was considered as a two-class classification problem with four-band (Red-Green-Blue-Near Infrared) images. For this purpose, statistical techniques were employed. These are Parallelepiped, Euclidean Distance and Maximum Likelihood (ML) algorithms, which belong to supervised statistical classification methods. To obtain the training data belonging to each class, the training regions were selected as polygonal. After determination of the parameters of the algorithms with the training set, classification was accomplished at each pixel as target or background. Consequently, classification results were displayed on thematic maps. The algorithms were trained with the same training sets, and their comparative performances were tested under various situations. During these studies, the effects of training area selection and various levels of thresholds were evaluated based on the efficiency of the algorithms. The selection of appropriate technique was proposed, dependent upon different kinds of targets. The training area selection especially affected the performance of the ML algorithm. In spite of the fact that the training area selected as a target class did not vary, insufficient representation of the background classes in terms of training area resulted in high false alarm rate. Good representation of the background classes in the training set increased the detection rate while the false alarm rate was very much decreased. The training area selection was less critical with the performances of the Euclidean Distance and the Parallelepiped algorithms. These were more heavily dependent on the target training area.","PeriodicalId":156704,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies, 2005. RAST 2005.","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121518511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning contracts for space industry staff development","authors":"C. Welch, A. Curley","doi":"10.1109/RAST.2005.1512535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAST.2005.1512535","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a flexible educational structure, the \"Learning Contract\", which is being used to provide postgraduate-level educational development to engineering staff working in the space sector in the United Kingdom. Kingston University's Masters by Learning Contract enables staff to embed knowledge and experience within a company. The main purpose of the Learning Contract is to bring industry and higher education together to enable working professional engineers to obtain a Master's degree or Postgraduate Diploma without the need to complete a taught or distance learning course. At the same time, learning contracts create a means by which technology, knowledge and expertise can be transferred from academia into industry, forming longterm partnerships and creating further opportunities. The scheme recognises the learning involved in completing an appropriate project of importance to the company. An individualised programme of activities is defined for each candidate. A contract sets out the learning objectives, the associated activities required, the assessment criteria by which each of the objectives will be achieved and the mode of assessment. Kingston University has successfully applied the learning contract approach to spacecraft engineering in the past for work relating to the Mars 96 FONEMA instrument. Recognising the effectiveness of this approach to staff development, FADS Astrium (formerly Matra Marconi Space) in the United Kingdom established eight learning contracts with Kingston. The paper details both the principles and methodology of the learning contract scheme, illustrates its application through examples in the particular context of FADS Astrium and gives details of progress to date.","PeriodicalId":156704,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies, 2005. RAST 2005.","volume":"4 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116722805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Earth observation, data policy and society","authors":"R. Harris","doi":"10.1109/RAST.2005.1512538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAST.2005.1512538","url":null,"abstract":"Earth observation technology has been highly successful over the past four decades in placing space in the service of society. Earth observation technology provides very large volumes of data and is one example of how modern technologies are dramatically changing the opportunities of society to use technology. This paper sets the context of the concerns about data access and data management, gives an example to show why an interest in access to data is important and then discusses six data policy issues that can be used to influence the future shape of Earth observation.","PeriodicalId":156704,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies, 2005. RAST 2005.","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131490948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting temporal changes in satellite imagery using ANN","authors":"P. Mathur, R. Govil","doi":"10.1109/RAST.2005.1512647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAST.2005.1512647","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most interesting aspects of the world is that it can be considered made up of patterns. In the most pattern recognition problem pattern have a dynamic nature and non-adaptive algorithms (instruction sets) will fail to give a realistic solution to model them. In these cases, adaptive algorithms are used and among them, neural networks have the greatest hit. For example, the defense applications very frequently need to record, detect, identify and classify images of objects or signals coming from various directions and from various sources - static or dynamic. There are many applications in remote sensing where study of dynamic data is needed such as deforestation, effects of natural and man made disasters, migration in the paths of rivers due to the dynamic nature of Earth's plates. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) can play a role in modeling such applications because of their capability to model nonlinear processes and to identify unknown patterns and images based on their learning model, or to forecast certain outcomes by extrapolation. In this study we present results on classifying the images using SOFM classification and detect temporal changes in patterns.","PeriodicalId":156704,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies, 2005. RAST 2005.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131491642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced space technology for 21st century energy systems: solar power from space","authors":"L. Summerer, F. Ongaro","doi":"10.1109/RAST.2005.1512527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAST.2005.1512527","url":null,"abstract":"Terrestrial solar power is one of the fastest growing energy sectors with high growth rates sustained over more than a decade (especially in Europe) and very promising forecasts. For 30 years, the idea of a large solar power plant in Earth orbit, transmitting energy to Earth-bound receiver sites, has enjoyed periodic attention from energy and space entities. All studies concluded the principal technical feasibility of the concepts and gradually improved their power to mass ratio. No substantial development efforts were undertaken, however, since, with current technology, space generated electricity costs would still be too high, upfront costs prohibitive and the launcher sector not mature enough to reduce /spl euro//kg to orbit costs by the required order of magnitude. In the past, space concepts were mainly compared to traditional energy systems. Based on this background, the Advanced Concepts Team (ACT) at the European Space Agency started a three-phased programme in 2003. The first phase of the programme, the validation phase, focused on a comparison of a space solar power plant with comparable terrestrial solutions, on the one hand, and the assessment of the potential of SPS for space exploration and space application, on the other. Space concepts were compared to terrestrial solutions based on equally advanced technology and equal economic conditions for the timeframe 2020/30 in terms of energy payback times, final /spl euro//kWh generation costs, adaptability to different energy scenarios, reliability and risk.","PeriodicalId":156704,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies, 2005. RAST 2005.","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132653508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}