{"title":"Mobile Networks for Smart Grid Revisited","authors":"H. Lundqvist, J. Håkegård, A. Lie","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYCon48941.2020.9236595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYCon48941.2020.9236595","url":null,"abstract":"For a distributed system like the power grid, the requirements on fast and reliable communications are increasing due to build out of intermittent renewable energy sources, reduced inertia in the power production and high power loads. Mobile networks have the potential of reducing investment and maintenance cost for smart grids since no dedicated communication network is needed. However, most deployments still rely on other communication technologies. In this paper we investigate the challenges of using the existing 4G mobile networks based on measurement data and notice that the average performance is typically at an acceptable level, but the latencies of higher reliability percentiles are very high. This makes control applications with high reliability requirements problematic over unmanaged networks, such as the Internet or public mobile networks. Mobile networks are complex systems with large number of mechanisms that may be used to improve the reliability and latency of all the steps of the end-to-end communication path. In critical events, such as power outage, a storm of alarms from different sensors will be triggered. In this paper we analyze how short response times can be provided to smart grid devices also at such events. This shows how new features have made mobile networks more suitable for smart grid communication in the evolution from the 4th to the 5th generation of network technology.","PeriodicalId":156687,"journal":{"name":"2020 6th IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCon)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115535139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stray Gassing of Transformer Oil in Distributed Solar Photovoltaic (DSPV) Systems","authors":"B. A. Thango, J. Jordaan, A. Nnachi","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYCon48941.2020.9236522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYCon48941.2020.9236522","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last decade, South Africa has witnessed a generous amount in the number of failure rates in distribution solar photovoltaic (DSPV) energy transformers that has been derived from the knowledge deficit of the criterion for designing and an appropriate manner of specifying these transformers. Solar photovoltaic producers have underlined a considerable number of technical performance challenges that have not always been taken into consideration in the course of designing transformers. These challenges consists of harmonics and distortion, resulting in superheating of transformer metallic components, degradation of cellulose insulation, stray gassing of oil, short service life and a significant Total Ownership Cost (TOC) for solar photovoltaic producers.This paper present a case scenario of Dissolve Gas Analysis (DGA) carried out on a DSPV energy transformer following the anomalous stray gassing phenomenon unearthed after oil samples were taken for laboratory analysis during routine tests. The unit under study revealed anomalous gas concentrations of Hydrogen, Methane and Ethane, in which, are associate with corona, sparking and local overheating respectively. The findings highlight that a vague definition of the harmonic current loading in the course of designing transformers for DSPV application can potentially lead to the unit to be operated at a loading beyond specification.","PeriodicalId":156687,"journal":{"name":"2020 6th IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCon)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127723053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study of optimal control applied to a Doubly Fed Induction Generator attached to wind turbine system","authors":"Ines Zgarni, L. E. Amraoui","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYCon48941.2020.9236624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYCon48941.2020.9236624","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the optimal control by implementing the quadratic linear regulator (LQR) for a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) attached to wind turbine system. The advantages of using the LQR regulator is to obtain, firstly, a speed regulation allowing a maximum extraction of the power of the wind turbine and secondly, a regulation of the DC bus voltage so that the machine maintain a unit power factor for the converter-side mains and pulls magnetizing current from the stator. Essentially, standard LQR regulator provides proportional gains. This makes it possible to study the stability of the system.","PeriodicalId":156687,"journal":{"name":"2020 6th IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCon)","volume":"33 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120975895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Habibatu Ahmed, E. Abel Airoboman, Shefiu O. Ibrahim
{"title":"Assessment of Run off River Hydropower Potential within River Kaduna","authors":"Habibatu Ahmed, E. Abel Airoboman, Shefiu O. Ibrahim","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYCon48941.2020.9236620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYCon48941.2020.9236620","url":null,"abstract":"Kaduna state is in abundance of both water resources in form of river channels which have continuity of water flow throughout the year, if properly harnessed the power generated can meet the need for local demand and to reduce the problem of power failure faced by the state. In this research work, the hydropower of run of river within river Kaduna will be assessed, whereby mathematical model will be developed using MATLAB R2018a to know the size of turbine to be used. Simulation of the model for a long-term forecast of the river will also be done in the MATLAB environment, based on the power generated the turbine type and sizing will be determined.","PeriodicalId":156687,"journal":{"name":"2020 6th IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCon)","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116457711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Validation of a Modular Multilevel Converter with additionally integrated Energy Storage for Grid-supportive Operation","authors":"Michael Richter, K. Klein, M. Luther","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYCon48941.2020.9236527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYCon48941.2020.9236527","url":null,"abstract":"For the successful energy transition, the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) serves as an attractive solution for HVDC power transmission. Within this paper, the partial integration of additional energy storage elements into the underlying structure of the converter is presented. By extending a certain proportion of the submodules to form energy storage modules, the resulting Energy-Storage MMC is capable of storing or releasing an additional portion of its rated power on the AC-side without the need to adjust the DC power flow. The design of this topology and the necessary modifications for the control structure are studied. The property of storing or releasing additional power during normal operation enables the converter to provide grid-supportive functions. The ES-MMC concept is validated by conducting appropriate dynamic simulations in MATLAB® Simulink®. For this purpose, its participation in the frequency containment process and in power oscillation damping is examined in the Kundur two-area test system.","PeriodicalId":156687,"journal":{"name":"2020 6th IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCon)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128395351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Filonenko, Esben Gammelgaard, D. Hansen, J. Buck, C. Veje
{"title":"Verification of multi-energy system components for renewable integration","authors":"K. Filonenko, Esben Gammelgaard, D. Hansen, J. Buck, C. Veje","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYCon48941.2020.9236433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYCon48941.2020.9236433","url":null,"abstract":"Proprietary software is used by utility companies throughout Europe to predict the district energy network parameters. TERMIS, NEPLAN and NetSim, widely used in Denmark, are limited to static or quasi-static models of electrical, thermal and hydraulic phenomena. Integration of new technology in a multi-energy network requires fully dynamic modeling to accurately estimate physical parameters and run model predictions. In the present study, a dynamic modeling software for district multi-energy systems is presented and dynamic modelling framework Dymola is compared to the quasi-static software TERMIS. District heating system components are developed in Dymola, verified in TERMIS and applied to the case where the pump consumption is partially covered by the wind-generated power. The proposed modeling approach brings possibilities for (a) dynamic analysis of the integration of renewable technologies into the future district heating network and (b) comparison of existing and innovative multi-energy systems considering their real-time status and performance.","PeriodicalId":156687,"journal":{"name":"2020 6th IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCon)","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130787342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maximilian Schneider, M. Knittel, Andreas Hoffrichter, A. Moser
{"title":"Analysis of Operational Sequences for Congestion Management Measures in Transmission Grids","authors":"Maximilian Schneider, M. Knittel, Andreas Hoffrichter, A. Moser","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYCon48941.2020.9236478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYCon48941.2020.9236478","url":null,"abstract":"In the research field of power system operation it is common to approximate the considered period of time based on discretized power flow patterns. However, the efficient utilization of the transmission grid infrastructure demands an increasing amount of congestion management measures, such as topology changes via switching measures or adjustments of phase shifting transformers. Transmission system operators must arrange these measures in a decreasing period of time to take account of an increasingly volatile power system. In order to analyze the trajectory between a current and a future grid state, a 2-stage simulation model is proposed. By applying the model to a test system, it is shown that the transition path is highly dependent on the chosen operational sequence, which is defined as the chronological order of operational measures. The mean loading of specific overhead lines during an exemplary transition path differs by up to 50% depending on the chosen operational sequence.","PeriodicalId":156687,"journal":{"name":"2020 6th IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCon)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130226985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modelling and optimisation studies for generator dispatch strategies for deployment of an off-grid micro-grid in South Africa","authors":"Fiona Oloo, Basetsana Molefyane, Mpeli J Rampokanyo","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYCon48941.2020.9236547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYCon48941.2020.9236547","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the modelling of an off-grid micro-grid situated in a remote rural village in Eastern Cape province in South Africa. The modelling looks at the optimization studies for control dispatch strategies for the integration of wind power into the existing micro-grid which comprises an electric load supplied by photovoltaic power, battery bank for energy storage and a diesel generator. The optimization studies are performed using HOMER Pro® and aims to identify the best possible dispatch strategy for the dispatchable generation Le. (diesel generator and battery storage) that minimizes load shedding and excess energy production in a system where the all the generation has been sized already. Four dispatch strategies built into HOMER Pro®, namely Cycle Charging, Load Following, Combined Dispatch and HOMER Predictive Strategy are tested. The aim of this paper is therefore to test and find which of the above dispatch strategies is the best fit for the rural village. Once the best-fit strategy has been determined, it is further customised and optimised for the rural village load profile.","PeriodicalId":156687,"journal":{"name":"2020 6th IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCon)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114895523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sizing and Operation Control of a Grid-Interactive Photovoltaic-Battery-Diesel System for Commercial Buildings","authors":"L. Moji, K. Kusakana, B. Numbi","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYCon48941.2020.9236449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYCon48941.2020.9236449","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing installations of renewable hybrid energy systems in commercial buildings require system sizing to ensure that the designed hybrid system will meet the load demand of a targeted commercial building with minimum life cycle cost. In the commercial sector, photovoltaic renewable is preferred because both its generation and consumption take place during the day. Optimal sizing techniques are required for designing reliable and economical hybrid energy systems. This paper presents optimal sizing of grid-connected hybrid photovoltaic-battery-diesel energy system that meets the load demand of a targeted commercial building with minimum life cycle cost using HOMER software. For the proposed hybrid system, results indicate that 18 kW photovoltaic-6 batteries-15 kW inverter provides the economic system while load following dispatch strategy gives a life cycle cost of $85195 that is lower than $86847 using cycle charging alternative.","PeriodicalId":156687,"journal":{"name":"2020 6th IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCon)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134628957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ultrastretchable Corrugated Monocrystalline Silicon Solar Cells with Interdigitated Back Contacts","authors":"Nazek El‐atab, N. Qaiser, R. Bahabry, M. Hussain","doi":"10.1109/ENERGYCon48941.2020.9236565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYCon48941.2020.9236565","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, ultrastretchability is demonstrated in naturally rigid silicon solar cells using a corrugation technique. The corrugation is achieved by producing deep channels within the solar cell using the interdigitated back contacts technology. Stretchability is achieved by initially coating the back side of the photovoltaic cell using a bio-friendly elastomer. Moreover, the stretchability is shown to be dependent on the corrugated pattern which relieves the generated strain when applying a tensile stress. Finally, a stretching cycling test is performed on the solar cell to confirm its mechanical resilience.","PeriodicalId":156687,"journal":{"name":"2020 6th IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCon)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134289837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}