Proceedings of the 2019 1st International Conference on Engineering and Management in Industrial System (ICOEMIS 2019)最新文献

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Rubber Spare Parts Supplier Selection Model Using Artificial Neural Network: Multi-Layer Perceptron 基于神经网络的橡胶备件供应商选择模型:多层感知器
A. Ishak, T. Wijaya
{"title":"Rubber Spare Parts Supplier Selection Model Using Artificial Neural Network: Multi-Layer Perceptron","authors":"A. Ishak, T. Wijaya","doi":"10.2991/icoemis-19.2019.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/icoemis-19.2019.43","url":null,"abstract":"Supplier have an important role in the availability of raw materials for the ongoing production activities of a company. The selection of the right supplier is not only profitable for the company but also can increase customer satisfaction. Therefore, in the selection of suppliers the company must have a system of selection and evaluation of suppliers of raw materials and components. The main purpose of the supplier selection process is to reduce purchasing risk, maximize overall value for buyers, and build long-term relationships between buyers and suppliers. Supplier selection model is used to facilitate the strategic direction of supply chain management to take several criteria from suppliers to achieve the priorities desired by the company. This research was conducted at a manufacturing company engaged in auto parts. In this study the problem is that the company chooses suppliers to supply raw materials based solely on the list of suppliers who are willing to agree on the price offered by the company with suppliers so that the company has difficulty choosing suppliers to become long-term suppliers and delays in the supply of raw materials from each -one supplier. This study aims to create a supplier selection model framework to classify each supplier so that it can be used as a supplier in the long term. This study uses the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method with the multi layer perceptron classification technique. Artificial Neural Network is used to create an efficient and inefficient supplier selection model. The accuracy of the ANN model is 85.9756%, the statistical kappa value is 0.7152, with an MAE error value of 0.1478, the MSE error value is 0.3107. From the ANN obtained 4 criteria used in supplier selection, namely the criteria of quality, delivery, price, and warranty and complaint services.","PeriodicalId":156644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2019 1st International Conference on Engineering and Management in Industrial System (ICOEMIS 2019)","volume":"53 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113937111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Investigating Student Intention to support the Green Laboratory Program Using the Pro-environmental Reasoned Action Model: A case study from Bandung, Indonesia 利用亲环境的理性行动模式调查学生支持绿色实验室计划的意向:来自印度尼西亚万隆的案例研究
I. Mufidah, Fachri Raziq, Medianti Arifia Dewi, M. Iqbal
{"title":"Investigating Student Intention to support the Green Laboratory Program Using the Pro-environmental Reasoned Action Model: A case study from Bandung, Indonesia","authors":"I. Mufidah, Fachri Raziq, Medianti Arifia Dewi, M. Iqbal","doi":"10.2991/icoemis-19.2019.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/icoemis-19.2019.11","url":null,"abstract":". Industry 4.0 requires the educational sector to enhance its effectiveness and efficiency by considering the environmental factor. The green laboratory concept supports industry 4.0 through its energy-saving and getting more efficient and effective teaching and learning process. The teaching aid that developed regarding the green laboratory program is needed for efficient and effective educational activities. For this reason, a tool is designed, namely the Material Selection Box to facilitate students in reading material selection charts during the product development practicum. This study aimed to investigate the intention to use the Material Selection Box using the Pro-Environmental Reasoned Action Model (PERA). 160 students were surveyed using an online questionnaire. This study uses the Structural Equation Modeling to analyze the data. The result showed that the PERA model was found to represent the willingness to use material selection teaching aids. More importantly, it is found that the laboratory management has strong influence on the students’ willingness to use the teaching aid. Thus, it is recommended for laboratory management to motivate students to support the green laboratory program by using the teaching aid.","PeriodicalId":156644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2019 1st International Conference on Engineering and Management in Industrial System (ICOEMIS 2019)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116621912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Online Travel Agency Channel Pricing Policy based on Dynamic Pricing Model to Maximize Sales Profit Using Nonlinear Integer Programming Approach 基于动态定价模型的在线旅行社渠道定价策略的非线性整数规划
Salman Shadiqurrachman, A. Ridwan, Artha Kusuma
{"title":"Online Travel Agency Channel Pricing Policy based on Dynamic Pricing Model to Maximize Sales Profit Using Nonlinear Integer Programming Approach","authors":"Salman Shadiqurrachman, A. Ridwan, Artha Kusuma","doi":"10.2991/icoemis-19.2019.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/icoemis-19.2019.48","url":null,"abstract":"A dynamic pricing strategy on the cooperation between a hotel and an online travel agency (OTA) is commonly applied to build a pricing policy. The purpose of this study is to propose a pricing policy according to the dynamic pricing model on a single online travel agency channel. The paper provides a dynamic pricing model adjusted to hotel problems with multiple room types. The study consists of two stages. First, we apply a revenue management tool that is dynamic pricing to model the effect of price on demand. The price dynamically changes based on the parameter of demand model. Second, we use a nonlinear integer programming approach to maximize the profit by substituting the demand model which has the lowest root mean square error. The parameter of the demand model is estimated by using the historical sales-price data from one of the hotels in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Our results propose a pricing policy of each room types that able to increase 18.54% from the historical sales profit. The proposed pricing policy completes the gap of the method in the existing pricing policy. Moreover, the findings provide an optimal room rate to the front office manager along the planning horizon. Introduction In the last few decades, many hotels have collaborated with online travel agency (OTA) to book hotel rooms in the tourism industry [1]. The challenges facing for the hotel is to utilize the OTA channel to maximize revenue by managing hotel room information, such as the offered room rate. To obtain the optimal rate, the hotels generally develop a pricing policy by using the tools on revenue management [2]. Revenue management has commonly applied for hotel industry to achieve an optimal level of net revenue that mostly generated from the room sales [3]. Particularly, hotel revenue management defines as an essential instrument for selling the right room to the right customer, the right time, the right price, and the right distribution channel with the best commission efficiency [3,4]. The tools used in the concept of revenue management to manage the price strategy called as pricing tools [3]. A few researchers have developed pricing policy with the pricing tools such as price discrimination, dynamic pricing, price presentation, price parity, and lowest price guarantee. However, in the last few years, dynamic pricing has increasingly adopted and successfully operated in terms of evolving pricing policy in hotel industry [2,5]. Dynamic pricing is defined as a strategy to model the effect between the price for a product or service on the specific period and price along the planning horizon or known as demand model [6]. Previous researches have addressed dynamic pricing for hotel revenue management. For example, dynamic pricing approach is based on price multipliers that use Monte Carlo Simulation as an optimization algorithm [7]; structure of dynamic pricing depending on the type of customer, star rating, and number of suppliers with available rooms that ","PeriodicalId":156644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2019 1st International Conference on Engineering and Management in Industrial System (ICOEMIS 2019)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117047146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
An Effective Scheme of a Depth Sensor Set Up for a Real-Time Ergonomics Assessment by the Gesture Confidence Level 一种基于手势置信度的深度传感器实时工效评估方案
J. H. D. Adani, T. Sjafrizal, R. A. Anugraha, Muhammad Iqbal, I. Mufidah
{"title":"An Effective Scheme of a Depth Sensor Set Up for a Real-Time Ergonomics Assessment by the Gesture Confidence Level","authors":"J. H. D. Adani, T. Sjafrizal, R. A. Anugraha, Muhammad Iqbal, I. Mufidah","doi":"10.2991/icoemis-19.2019.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/icoemis-19.2019.16","url":null,"abstract":"Ergonomics assessment of human body movement demands a comprehensive and systematic data collection. The easy-to-use self-report (e.g. questionnaires, checklist, interview) and the observational technique (e.g. pose rating) are the commonly practiced techniques. However, these methods suffer from a high bias across different respondents and observers. Recently, the direct measurement technique by utilizing a depth sensor equipped with a modelling software is the alternative tool to facilitate a real-time digital human modelling. It gathers the 3-D human motion data with real-time ergonomics analysis and intervention features. This study aims to obtain the effective sensor setup by examining its parameters (object-to-sensor distance, horizontal field of view (FOV), and light intensity) to reach the acceptable gesture confidence level using a Kinect SDK V2.0. The standing position with a hand overhead was selected as the investigated gestures. The result showed that distance and horizontal FOV were statistically significant parameters. Thus, it proposes to place the sensor within 2 or 3 m away from the investigated object and to limit the horizontal FOV to 0 or 10°. Eventually, this proposal could be set as the reference in setting up a direct measurement studio for acquiring the human body movement data.","PeriodicalId":156644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2019 1st International Conference on Engineering and Management in Industrial System (ICOEMIS 2019)","volume":"254 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133117538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Simulation Study of Collaborative Inventory Management for Seasonal Products by Incorporating Newsvendor and Buyback Contract 考虑报贩与回购契约的季节性产品协同库存管理仿真研究
Sahr Fillie, N. Arvitrida, N. Pujawan
{"title":"Simulation Study of Collaborative Inventory Management for Seasonal Products by Incorporating Newsvendor and Buyback Contract","authors":"Sahr Fillie, N. Arvitrida, N. Pujawan","doi":"10.2991/icoemis-19.2019.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/icoemis-19.2019.4","url":null,"abstract":"As supply chains become leaner, supply chain (SC) managers are often subjected to decrease inventory. Determining the appropriate inventory level for seasonal products without compromising the level of service provided to customers is crucial. This poses a challenge for supply chain managers to find the best trade-off between having excess or less inventory. A well-known model to determine such trade-offs is the newsvendor model. This model is focused on a decentralized business strategy. This research seeks to evaluate the contributions of collaborative inventory management for seasonal products with demand uncertainties having a single order in a cycle through newsvendor and buyback contract for a two-tier SC for both decentralized and centralized business strategies. To explore the effects of these uncertainties on seasonal products such as newspaper, apparels, perishable foods and major holiday products, a Monte Carlo simulation model was used to optimize the decision variable (the maximum order quantity, Q*) to improve the financial performance of the SC. The results indicate that wholesale price discount and buyback contract are efficient in collaborative inventory management. Buyback contract is less attractive when costs associated with returns are high. High return costs reduce the profitability of the SC significantly.","PeriodicalId":156644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2019 1st International Conference on Engineering and Management in Industrial System (ICOEMIS 2019)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114811420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Planning of Green & Smart Campus Design in Jakarta with Case Study of Early Energy Audit at UNSADA Faculty of Economics Building 雅加达绿色智慧校园设计的规划——以UNSADA经济学院大楼早期能源审计为例
E. Sadirsan, Tifa Asrianti, R. Ariati
{"title":"Planning of Green & Smart Campus Design in Jakarta with Case Study of Early Energy Audit at UNSADA Faculty of Economics Building","authors":"E. Sadirsan, Tifa Asrianti, R. Ariati","doi":"10.2991/icoemis-19.2019.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/icoemis-19.2019.40","url":null,"abstract":"Energy conservation is one of the renewable energy sources that is seldom explored although Government of Indonesia has issued a series of regulation and legal basis on the issue. Darma Persada University (UNSADA) and other education institutions are included in the institutions that should implement the regulations. The research was conducted in one of the faculty buildings in UNSADA, the Faculty of Economy with the consideration that the faculty had the largest number of students in UNSADA. The research was aimed to get the energy demand, to calculate the energy conservation opportunity, and the potential of renewable energy implementation on UNSADA’s Faculty of Economics. The methods being used were preliminary energy audit and simulation of energy conservation using two scenarios: (1) the usage of energy for 15 hours per day nonstop (most closely resembles the real condition of energy usage in UNSADA’s Faculty of Economics), and (2) the usage of energy based on classroom usage allocation. From the research found that the energy demand under scenario #1 is 27,231 kWh per month, and scenario #2 is 6,530.83 kWh per month. There is a potential of 76 per cent of energy conservation under scenario #2.","PeriodicalId":156644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2019 1st International Conference on Engineering and Management in Industrial System (ICOEMIS 2019)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124674277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Defects Tracking Matrix for Plywood Industry Production based on House of Quality 基于质量屋的胶合板工业生产缺陷跟踪矩阵
Y. S. Tjahjaningsih, Misdiyanto, A. Izzuddin
{"title":"Defects Tracking Matrix for Plywood Industry Production based on House of Quality","authors":"Y. S. Tjahjaningsih, Misdiyanto, A. Izzuddin","doi":"10.2991/icoemis-19.2019.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/icoemis-19.2019.21","url":null,"abstract":". Problems in the industry with the mass customization system are quite complex because of the frequent reconfiguration by the changes of production process systems according to customer orders, so quality assurance is demanded to be more accurate according to the number of different part types and the interruption of the information flow about quality with each reconfiguration of the system. This study aims to build a model of quality control systems that are capable of detecting product defects by quickly adjusting changes in production lines according to customer desires. The method used to detect product defects is Defect Tracking Matrix (DTM). DTM connects manufacturing techniques with direct quality defects. This allows finding the cause of quality defects quickly. The quality control model that was built was applied to the Plywood Industry in Probolinggo, PT Kutai Timber Indonesia (KTI) in the Particle Board Division. Product variations are based on density, glue type, thickness, size, and wood type. There are 12 stages of the process in producing particle boards before being sent to customers. Product defects that often occur are in the cut to size and sanding process so that the specific DTM module is carried out in its. There are 12 stages of the production process of particle boards before being sent to customers. Product defects that often occur are in the Cut to Size and Sanding process so that the specific DTM module is carried out in its. There are 18 techniques attributes ( TA s) that represent the manufacturing process module and 16 quality defects ( QD s) in the Ply Wood Industry with sample of particle board process. The procedure of DTM is usefull to detect defect faster than usually ) .","PeriodicalId":156644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2019 1st International Conference on Engineering and Management in Industrial System (ICOEMIS 2019)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130439091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
IoT Integrated Assembly Line - a conceptual model development for car toys assembly line 物联网集成装配线——汽车玩具装配线概念模型开发
I. Kurniawan, S. Awibowo, A. Pratama
{"title":"IoT Integrated Assembly Line - a conceptual model development for car toys assembly line","authors":"I. Kurniawan, S. Awibowo, A. Pratama","doi":"10.2991/icoemis-19.2019.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/icoemis-19.2019.5","url":null,"abstract":"Lean manufacturing is a common methodology widely used by manufacturers around the world. The keys in order to apply lean manufacturing are efficiency and continuous improvement. Efficiency can be achieved towards the utilization of technology between shopfloor and supporting business layers occurs in a system. One of the technologies that can be used is IoT (Internet of Things) and Cloud Manufacturing (CMfg) in specific. This paper contains the concept design of IoT technologies that will be applied in a car toys assembly line. Technology such as RFID, Sensors, and Android-based cloud services will be included in the assembly line system design. RFID and sensors are used to capture a number of components & subassembly parts that occur in the assembly line and the data captured will be forwarded to the ERP Systems. Android-based cloud services are used to monitor and control the systems especially for the shop floor area.","PeriodicalId":156644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2019 1st International Conference on Engineering and Management in Industrial System (ICOEMIS 2019)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134212385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Main Factors that Affect Pilot Attention and Decision Making During Landing Operation Leading to Runway Incursion 影响着陆操作中飞行员注意力和决策的主要因素导致跑道入侵
H. C. Suroso, Chindy Elsanna Revadi
{"title":"The Main Factors that Affect Pilot Attention and Decision Making During Landing Operation Leading to Runway Incursion","authors":"H. C. Suroso, Chindy Elsanna Revadi","doi":"10.2991/icoemis-19.2019.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/icoemis-19.2019.14","url":null,"abstract":"A runway incursion is a problem which rare to happen but has a great impact while happening. According to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), there are three categories that caused runway incursion: Operational error, Pilot deviation, Vehicle/Pedestrian deviation. The major caused is pilot deviation as much as more than half than other factors. The factors that possibly contribute to the human factors needed to find out. This paper will explore several caused such as systems environmental factors which outlined the runway condition, task factors related to complexity pilots’ task, and human factors correlated with pilots’ cognitive ability that contributes to the pilot attention and decision making during landing. Human factors still become a big problem on the runway incursion even though there have been many preventive actions. Based on the literature reviews process, this paper found that system environmental factors and task factors affect human factors on runway incursion.","PeriodicalId":156644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2019 1st International Conference on Engineering and Management in Industrial System (ICOEMIS 2019)","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122833836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Indonesia Sea Toll Strategy Framework Directive: Innovative and Participatory Decision-Making Methods Towards the World Maritime Axis 印度尼西亚海上收费战略框架指令:面向世界海洋轴心的创新和参与性决策方法
Y. Manti, L. Kusuma, A. Ramadhani, M. Majid
{"title":"Indonesia Sea Toll Strategy Framework Directive: Innovative and Participatory Decision-Making Methods Towards the World Maritime Axis","authors":"Y. Manti, L. Kusuma, A. Ramadhani, M. Majid","doi":"10.2991/icoemis-19.2019.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/icoemis-19.2019.54","url":null,"abstract":". The Government of Indonesia, through the Ministry of Transportation, has established a sea highway program as one of the main programs in the national midterm development plan for 2015 to 2019 [1]. Based on the literature we collected from the Ministry of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia, the sea toll program in its implementation has a paradigm shift from the national logistics system so far. The Indonesian government carried out this sea highway program with the main objective of implementing a more effective and efficient delivery function from western Indonesia to the east to reduce economic inequalities and prices. The role of the government as a policymaker is very important in managing sea transportation and logistics systems. Based ago Highway However,","PeriodicalId":156644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2019 1st International Conference on Engineering and Management in Industrial System (ICOEMIS 2019)","volume":"214 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121845506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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