Journal of diabetes and its complications最新文献

{"title":"The effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BLa80 on glycemic control and gut microbiota in patients with T2DM: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","authors":"Chao Zhao ,&nbsp;Xin Lu ,&nbsp;Xiaoling Deng ,&nbsp;Wenbo Xia ,&nbsp;Tingting Sun ,&nbsp;Di Huo ,&nbsp;Lili Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2025.109195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2025.109195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To evaluate the effect of <em>Bifidobacterium</em> subsp. <em>lactis</em> BLa80 on glycemic control and gut microbiota composition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in 80 patients. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either BLa80 supplementation or placebo (<em>n</em> = 40 per group) in addition to standard metformin therapy for 12 weeks. Fasting blood and stool samples were collected at baseline and at the end of the intervention. The results showed that BLa80 supplementation significantly reduced fasting blood glucose and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, while low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were increased. Furthermore, BLa80 modulated the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota after 12 weeks of intervention. In conclusion, BLa80 supplementation may improve glycemic control and modulate the gut microbiota in patients with T2DM, suggesting its potential as an adjunctive therapy in diabetes management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes and its complications","volume":"39 12","pages":"Article 109195"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145322617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of matrix metalloproteinase-10 levels and genetic variant rs17860955 with severe vascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes: prospective cohort","authors":"J.M. Zubiria ,&nbsp;E. Molina ,&nbsp;E. Toledo ,&nbsp;L. Forga ,&nbsp;J. Hermida","doi":"10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2025.109200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2025.109200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims/hypothesis</h3><div>The role of matrix metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10) in the development of severe complications in patients with type 1 diabetes is not fully understood. The hypothesis is that elevated MMP-10 levels are associated with increased risk of severe complications and that genetic variants leading to reduced or non-functional MMP-10 may confer cardiovascular protection.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>195 patients with type 1 diabetes were recruited between 2007 and 2010. Serum MMP-10 concentrations were measured at baseline, and participants were prospectively followed until 2020. The association between baseline MMP-10 levels and a composite endpoint of severe complications of diabetes was analysed. In addition, genetic analysis of the <em>MMP10</em> gene was performed to identify mutations that can result in a non-functional MMP-10 and lead to cardiovascular protection.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants in the highest quartile of MMP-10 levels had a threefold higher risk of reaching the composite endpoint compared to those in the lowest quartile (<em>p</em> = 0.038). Moreover, there was a common polymorphism rs17860955 (minor allele frequency: 12 %) that lead to a non-functional MMP-10. These variant carriers showed significantly lower MMP-10 concentration (457.8 ± 309.9 pg/ml vs 942.1 ± 519.6 pg/ml; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001) and non-significantly lower composite endpoint events.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Low MMP-10 concentration is associated to protection against severe vascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes. There is a frequent polymorphism (rs17860955) that leads to lower MMP-10 levels and may offer a degree of cardiovascular protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes and its complications","volume":"39 12","pages":"Article 109200"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145345449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Criteria of frail older people with type 2 diabetes who are suitable for SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1RA therapy","authors":"A.H. Abdelhafiz ,&nbsp;I. Siqueira ,&nbsp;A.J. Sinclair","doi":"10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2025.109193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2025.109193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Frailty is a metabolically heterogeneous condition and therefore, frail older people with diabetes are metabolically diverse. Diversity is caused by the varying degrees of insulin resistance, determined by the variability in muscle mass/visceral fat ratio and the overall body weight. This creates a frailty spectrum with sarcopenic/obese at one end to malnourished anorexic individuals at the other end. The sarcopenic obese are likely to have increased insulin resistance and progression of the metabolic syndrome. On the other hand, the anorexic malnourished are likely to have decreased insulin resistance due to significant weight loss and regression of the metabolic syndrome. The current evidence showed benefits of SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1RA in frail older people with diabetes, and these benefits increased with increasing frailty. However, the majority of the population who benefited from this therapy were either overweight or obese. There is no evidence of benefits of such therapy in the anorexic malnourished end of the frailty spectrum such as people residents in care homes who were likely excluded from clinical trials. As the sarcopenic obese frail individuals are likely to have high burden of atherosclerotic vascular disease, we suggest that triple therapy of metformin, SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1RA to be initiated as first line therapy in this group of patients if tolerated. On the other hand, this therapy is better avoided in the malnourished frail individuals due to significant weight loss, high risk of adverse events and, due to regression of the metabolic syndrome, the cardiovascular benefits are uncertain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes and its complications","volume":"39 12","pages":"Article 109193"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145345451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between serum glycated albumin and the risk of sarcopenia and dynapenia in a community-dwelling older Japanese population: the Hisayama Study","authors":"Toshiharu Ninomiya ,&nbsp;Hidekazu Konishi ,&nbsp;Emi Ueda ,&nbsp;Satoko Sakata ,&nbsp;Emi Oishi ,&nbsp;Yoshihiko Furuta ,&nbsp;Saori Ohmae ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Hoshiko ,&nbsp;Norifumi Tateishi ,&nbsp;Mao Shibata ,&nbsp;Jun Hata","doi":"10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2025.109199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2025.109199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sarcopenia, characterized by a progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength, is increasingly recognized as a major public health concern. Several epidemiological studies have reported that diabetes mellitus is associated with the risk of sarcopenia. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between serum glycated albumin (GA) levels and the risk of developing sarcopenia and dynapenia in a community-dwelling older Japanese population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 905 participants aged ≥65 years without sarcopenia at baseline were followed for 5 years. Serum GA levels were categorized into quartiles. Sarcopenia was defined by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria, and dynapenia was defined as low grip strength or low gait speed. The odds ratios (ORs) of developing sarcopenia and dynapenia and the mean values of percent change of muscle indices with 95 % confidential intervals (CIs) were estimated by logistic regression analysis and analysis of covariance, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During the follow-up, 73 participants developed sarcopenia. Higher serum GA levels were significantly associated with greater risks of developing sarcopenia (OR 2.65, 95 %CI 0.95–2.65 in the highest vs. the lowest quartile) and dynapenia (OR 4.15, 95 %CI 2.13–4.15). Higher serum GA levels were related to declines in grip strength and gait speed. This association remained significant even among participants without diabetes or with hemoglobin A1c of &lt;6.0 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Higher serum GA is a significant risk factor for both sarcopenia and dynapenia, with a stronger association observed for dynapenia, even in the absence of diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes and its complications","volume":"39 12","pages":"Article 109199"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145345529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levels of diabetes distress and its sources among older adults with type 1 diabetes and relationships to diabetes duration","authors":"Adriana Wisniewski ,&nbsp;Justin DeMonte ,&nbsp;Angelica Cristello Sarteau ,&nbsp;Angela Fruik ,&nbsp;Ruth S. Weinstock ,&nbsp;Anna R. Kahkoska","doi":"10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2025.109198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2025.109198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Characterize diabetes distress (DD) in older adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and explore associations with individual-level characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Research design &amp; methods</h3><div>Adults ≥65 years with T1D (<em>n</em> = 337; mean 70.7 years) were recruited from the T1D Exchange (08/27/2024–11/05/2024) to complete an electronic survey, including the Type 1 Diabetes Distress Assessment System. Univariable linear regressions were used to assess cross-sectional associations between DD and self-reported sociodemographic, clinical, and diabetes-related variables. Select variables were explored further using bar graphs of DD core and source scores.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The median (IQR) DD core score was 1.75 (1.375–2.5), and 36.5 % of respondents had a clinically significant DD core score. DD was positively associated with being female (β = 0.37; 95 % CI: 0.20–0.55), higher HbA1c (β = 0.32; 95 % CI: 0.21–0.43), and an emergency room (ER) visit in the past year (β = 0.33; 95 % CI: 0.12–0.53). DD was negatively associated with longer T1D duration (β = −0.01; 95 % CI: −0.02 to −0.01). The most prominent sources of DD were financial, management, and complication worries, and the least prominent were interpersonal, shame, and resources.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In addition to known correlates of DD among individuals with T1D (e.g., HbA1c), this study revealed novel correlates of DD among older adults, including older age at diagnosis, at least one ER visit within the last 12 months, and shorter T1D duration. Limitations include self-reported variables, the cross-sectional nature, and a relatively homogeneous sample by race, high prevalence of technology use, and HbA1c levels largely at goal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes and its complications","volume":"39 12","pages":"Article 109198"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145345459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetes, anxiety, and mortality risk among middle and older-aged Americans","authors":"Srikanta Banerjee ,&nbsp;Jagdish Khubchandani ,&nbsp;Rafael Gonzales-Lagos","doi":"10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2025.109194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2025.109194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) continues to be a major cause of morbidity and a leading cause of mortality in the United States. Also, anxiety ranks among the topmost common mental health problems in the U.S. While the burden of anxiety among individuals with T2D is well known, the long-term impact of anxiety among adults with T2D has not been well explored. Thus, the purpose of this national study was to ascertain the impact of anxiety on mortality among Americans with T2D.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (years 2007–2012) were linked with mortality data from the National Death Index up to December 31st, 2019.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 14,137 adults (aged 50 years and older) were included in the study sample, with more than a tenth (12.8 %) having T2D and more than a fifth (22.6 %) having anxiety. The unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality risk among those with T2D was 2.08 (95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.83–2.35, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) compared to those without T2D. In the adjusted analysis, the risk of all-cause mortality was highest among individuals with both anxiety and T2D [AHR = 1.81 (95 % CI 1.37–2.40, p &lt; 0.01)] compared to those with anxiety or T2D alone.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our analysis provides vital information on factors that could be helpful for interventions to reduce mortality risk among those with T2D and anxiety. Also, given the higher risk of mortality with co-occurring T2D and anxiety, collaborative healthcare practices should help with widespread screening for and treatment of anxiety among middle and older-age adults with Type 2 Diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes and its complications","volume":"39 12","pages":"Article 109194"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atypical complications and co-morbidities of type 1 diabetes in young adults","authors":"Steven James ,&nbsp;Rebecca Barber ,&nbsp;Jess Forster ,&nbsp;Lindsay Sawatsky ,&nbsp;Samantha Berry ,&nbsp;Olive James ,&nbsp;Kerrie Abel ,&nbsp;Claire Trigg ,&nbsp;Kim C. Donaghue ,&nbsp;Maria E. Craig ,&nbsp;Mahira Saiyed ,&nbsp;Sheryl S. Salis ,&nbsp;Jamie Wood ,&nbsp;Willem Staels","doi":"10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2025.109158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2025.109158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>Our review aimed to determine the prevalence of – and factors associated with – hearing loss, oral and olfactory disease, frozen shoulder, trigger finger, and hair loss in young adults with type 1 diabetes. These conditions were selected based on research team interests, existing literature, and group discussion.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a quantitative narrative review using a systematic process to identify cohort and cross-sectional studies involving young adults with type 1 diabetes (mean age 18–30 years). PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane were searched (January 2000–February 2024). Grey literature was not restricted, and quality appraisal was undertaken. Extracted data were synthesised and summarised narratively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The initial search found 3924 records and after title, abstract and full-text review, 19 records met inclusion criteria. Hearing loss prevalence ranged from 22.6 to 48.0 %, with age, diabetes duration, and systolic blood pressure identified as prominent associated features. For oral disease, peridontitis prevalence was 4.7 %, while alveolar bone loss ranged from 24.6 to 43.9 %; age was the primary associated factor. No eligible data were identified regarding frozen shoulder, trigger finger, or hair loss.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Further research is needed to characterize the prevalence and risk factors of atypical complications in type 1 diabetes. Clinical care should be guided by a robust understanding of these under-recognised comorbidities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes and its complications","volume":"39 11","pages":"Article 109158"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Retention and outcomes of National Diabetes Prevention Program enrollees and non-enrollees with prediabetes: The University of Michigan experience” [J. Diabetes Complicat. (2023) 108527]","authors":"William H. Herman ,&nbsp;Claudia Villatoro ,&nbsp;Kevin L. Joiner ,&nbsp;Laura N. McEwen","doi":"10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2025.109157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2025.109157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes and its complications","volume":"39 11","pages":"Article 109157"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144956484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contents/Barcode","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1056-8727(25)00239-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1056-8727(25)00239-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes and its complications","volume":"39 11","pages":"Article 109186"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroinflammation and osteomyelitis in adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy without and with foot lesions. What comes first?","authors":"Maria Sambataro ,&nbsp;Luisa Sambado ,&nbsp;Mayra Colardo ,&nbsp;Anna Furlan ,&nbsp;Piero Maria Stefani ,&nbsp;Elisabetta Durante ,&nbsp;Antonio Antico ,&nbsp;Stefania Conte ,&nbsp;Silvia Della Bella ,&nbsp;Laura Nollino ,&nbsp;Zavan Barbara ,&nbsp;Nicola Menegotto ,&nbsp;Elisa Vian ,&nbsp;Marco Segatto ,&nbsp;Matteo Fassan","doi":"10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2025.109176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2025.109176","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Aims&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Diabetic foot is the leading cause of both major and minor non-traumatic amputations yet a truly understanding of the phenomenon is still lacking. The updated definition for diabetes-related foot disease from the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF 2023 update) is “disease of the foot of a person with current or previously diagnosed diabetes mellitus that includes one or more of the following: peripheral neuropathy, peripheral artery disease, infection, ulcer(s), neuro‐osteoarthropathy, gangrene, or amputation”, but what comes first? Our hypothesis is that distal sensory and autonomic neuropathy activate neuroischemic signaling and dysregulation of bone cell apoptosis portending to infections.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;We studied 374 adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic neuropathy (DN) divided into the following subgroups: 106 partecipants without foot lesions (DNp); 119 nonmacrovascular partecipants with ulcers/lesions/osteomyelitis (DNpU); 149 revascularized partecipants with ulcers/lesions/osteomyelitis (DNpUV) and a group of 53 healthy adults as healthy control (NC). During routine foot care visits participants underwent neuro electrophysiology tests and vascular assessment. Biopsy specimens from exposed bone (grade III University of Texas wound classification, TUC) were cultured according to microbiological standards and histological analysis was performed. Pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines and blood cells subsets (lymphocytes subpopulations, classical, non-classical and SLAN&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; monocytes, classical DCs, innate lymphoid cells) were analyzed. Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) species, fractalkine/CX3CL1 migration marker, autophagy markers (Ulk1, Beclin1, LC3, and p62), pro/anti-apoptotic proteins (Bax, Bcl2, cleaved Caspase-3), signal transduction of proteins involved in inflammation and cell survival (p65-NF-kB, Akt and ERK1/2) were measured.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Sural nerve (sS) conduction velocity (CV) and sensory Action Potential (sAP) thresholds defined DN. II and III TUC associates with progressive worsening of neuronal function while vibration perception threshold (VPT) and systolic/diastolic orthostatic hypotension inversely correlated with TcPO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and critical ischemia. In III TUC versus I TUC diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) and DNp samples the amount of circulating mature NGF (mNGF) was significantly reduced (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01) while immature NGF (proNGF) was significantly increased (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05). In all groups we found higher number of SLAN+ monocytes co-expressing CX3CR1 directly correlating with proNGF levels, worse autonomic and sensory testing and inversely correlating with mNGF levels, sensory nerves CV and AP, innate lymphoid cells and subsets of lymphocytes. Surprisingly, we found 59 bone's biopsies with an altered histological pattern but negative microbiological cultures. In all biopsied patients CX3CR1-SLAN+ cells were ","PeriodicalId":15659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes and its complications","volume":"39 11","pages":"Article 109176"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145244506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}