{"title":"Estimation of error correlation distance for differential GPS operation","authors":"G. Harkleroad, W. Tang, N. Johnson","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1990.66203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1990.66203","url":null,"abstract":"A method for increasing DGPS (differential Global Positioning System) accuracy and operational coverage by adaptively compensating for the changing pseudorange error spatial correlations is presented. These spatial correlations change with time due to atmospheric and geometric variations. Two algorithms for estimating the spatial correlation distances at each ground station are presented. These correlation distances are used in the user receiver's Kalman-based optimal solution of the pseudorange measurement compensations. This increases the operational range and position accuracy by properly accounting for the varying GPS error correlation distances between the ground reference receivers. Simulated examples are used to demonstrate the implementation of this DGPS method. Results showing the added improvements of this approach compared to the constant correlation distance approach are presented. Limitations and suggestions for future research are also discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":156436,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Position Location and Navigation. A Decade of Excellence in the Navigation Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115345624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Applying kinematic GPS techniques at our nation's airports","authors":"B.W. Remondi","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1990.66186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1990.66186","url":null,"abstract":"The National Geodetic Survey (NGS) began surveying US airports using a mixture of static, kinematic, antenna swap, and pseudokinematic techniques. The methodologies and the associated theoretical rationale are described. The NGS performed an online operational test of GPS (Global Positioning System) kinematic surveying at several Florida airports, and it was found to be a complete success. All successful processing variations in the Apalachicola example agreed at the 1-cm level.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":156436,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Position Location and Navigation. A Decade of Excellence in the Navigation Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124076231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"START: a broad application spectrum gyro for the 1990s","authors":"D. G. Harris","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1990.66151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1990.66151","url":null,"abstract":"START is an all-solid-state angular rate sensor which began development in the early 1980s for weapons applications. The development phases of the START program are outlined, and the principle of operation is described. The current status and performance achieved are described. The areas of application for which START is either used or projected for field tests are given. The expected time scale for moving from prototype to large quantity production is considered. The version of START for the first generation of a new rate sensor technology in which the emphasis is on providing a wide performance range with very high shock resistance at the lowest price, is presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":156436,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Position Location and Navigation. A Decade of Excellence in the Navigation Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124954078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The use of INS/GPS in a highway survey system","authors":"D. Lapucha, K. Schwarz, M. Cannon, H. Martell","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1990.66208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1990.66208","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of an inertial navigation system (INS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers in differential mode is investigated for application to highway survey systems. A mobile highway inventory system (MHIS) operated by Alberta Transportation is used as a first step in the realization of an all-purpose kinematic survey system. MHIS requirements of approximately 0.5 m in position, 10 cm-s/sup -1/ in velocity, 0.5% in slope, and 0.2 degrees in curvature appear obtainable with the integrated system. If these requirements can be surpassed, INS/GPS can be used for road surveys, possibly replacing conventional survey techniques. The authors briefly describe the MHIS and outline the benefits of using INS/GPS for accurate and reliable geometric data collection. They outline the mathematical models for INS/GPS integration. Road tests performed using INS/GPS over a well-controlled traverse are discussed, and results are given.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":156436,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Position Location and Navigation. A Decade of Excellence in the Navigation Sciences","volume":"436 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116329062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Airborne gravimetry and the Global Positioning System","authors":"A. Kleusberg, D. Peyton, D. Wells","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1990.66188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1990.66188","url":null,"abstract":"The capabilities of using precise range and range rate measurements to satellites of the Global Positioning System (GPS) for the determination of the platform position and its time derivatives are explored. The accuracy requirements for airborne gravimetry are reviewed, and different schemes for correcting the gravimeter measurements are presented. It is shown that the separation of gravitation and inertial accelerations in the measurements imposes the most stringent requirements on the GPS measurement accuracy and the GPS data processing. The results of GPS data reduction show that GPS receivers allow fixed-wing-aircraft gravity data reduction at the milligal (10/sup -5/ m/s/sup 2/) accuracy level for a spatial gravity field resolution of five kilometers.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":156436,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Position Location and Navigation. A Decade of Excellence in the Navigation Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130618381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A robust approach to reliable real-time Kalman filtering","authors":"P. McBurney","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1990.66227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1990.66227","url":null,"abstract":"A complete approach to reliable, robust, and adaptive Kalman filtering is presented. It has applications in all types of navigation systems. The starting point is a measurement editing and filter divergence protection scheme based on measurement residuals and their expected statistics. Rather than simply increasing the white measurement noise variance, certain error sources which are known to be present can be included in the filter model via a Schmidt-Kalman filter, which allows certain states to be considered without being estimated. This type of filter configuration has many advantages over the usual Kalman filter such as larger region of convergence, smoother transitions between over-determined solutions, and more conservative modeling when certain states are frozen, such as during clock or altitude hold. Details are given on how this type of filter can be used with a factorized covariance. The same statistics used for filter integrity are also used to assess how well the filter is tuned to a particular dynamic environment. A reasonable adaptive process noise matrix scheme based on these statistics is presented. Specific examples of the application of these techniques in Global Positioning System receiver are given.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":156436,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Position Location and Navigation. A Decade of Excellence in the Navigation Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121100996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"GG1308 ring laser gyro inertial measurement systems: Honeywell's low-cost solution for tactical applications","authors":"J.M. Oelschlaeger, L.O. Thielman","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1990.66224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1990.66224","url":null,"abstract":"The GG1308 ring laser gyro (RLG) inertial measurement systems represent the smallest-volume, lightest-weight, and lowest-cost RLG systems. These systems are designed to provide the functions required for inertial guidance, aided or midcourse navigation, and vehicle stabilization and control to a wide variety of tactical missiles, standoff weapons, unmanned aerial vehicles, torpedoes, and manned rotorcraft. GG1308 inertial systems achieve their low cost as a result of several significant development thrusts. Low-cost inertial sensors must be utilized. The GG1308 RLG is a true design-to-cost device with producibility and the cost of parts, materials, assembly labor, and manufacturing automation being the dominant design drivers. Additionally, these GG1308 inertial systems use a commonality design approach. This philosophy has made it possible to develop several generic hardware elements which need only be repackaged to provide an inertial system in the form factor required for specific programs. It also provides the system with an adaptability and intelligence to improve its performance throughout its useful life by making software improvements which do not affect the hardware design or production process.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":156436,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Position Location and Navigation. A Decade of Excellence in the Navigation Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124359643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pipeline geometry pigging: application of strapdown INS","authors":"T. Porter, E.H. Knickmeyer, R. Wade","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1990.66199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1990.66199","url":null,"abstract":"An autonomous pipeline pigging system has been developed for determining position, orientation, curvature, ovality, and deformations such as dents and wrinkles of operating pipelines. At the heart of this integrated system is a strapdown inertial measurement unit (SIMU), which is integrated with velocity and distance sensors, caliper sensors, weld detection system, and digital recording device. The Geometry pig (Geopig) is designed to operate continuously and autonomously for a week or longer in operating fluid or gas pipelines with diameters of 25-30 cm and larger. The design concepts, system integration, data Acquisition, processing, analysis, and database management are discussed. Results from a recently completed 335-km Arctic crude oil pipeline are presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":156436,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Position Location and Navigation. A Decade of Excellence in the Navigation Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126326927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"HRG strapdown navigator","authors":"J. Dickinson, C. R. Strandt","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1990.66164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1990.66164","url":null,"abstract":"A new technology gyro, the hemispherical resonator gyro (HRG), has been developed which is ideally suited to strapdown navigation systems. The instrument offers greater reliability than current sensors due to its inherent simplicity. A fault-tolerant navigation system has been developed as a technology testbed to exhibit the instrument's capabilities. A successful flight test program of the system was completed in late 1989. This fault tolerant navigation system is configured with six independent sensor channels consisting of paired gyros and accelerometers. Each sensor channel utilizes a microprocessor, programmed in C, to control sensor readout and compensate for thermal errors. A central navigation processor, programmed in Ada, combines data from the independent sensor channels to provide redundancy management and an optimized navigation solution. A dodecahedron mounting structure for the instrument cluster provides an optimum alignment of the redundant inertial axes. Redundancy management of the sensors is accomplished by an enhanced generalized likelihood test. Key features demonstrated for the HRG navigator are rapid reaction, operation over a wide temperature range, and navigation accuracy.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":156436,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Position Location and Navigation. A Decade of Excellence in the Navigation Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126789846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The advantages of velocity vector referencing in proportional navigation","authors":"P. Mahapatra, U. S. Shukla","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1990.66163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1990.66163","url":null,"abstract":"Two broad classes of proportional navigation laws are compared with regard to their implementation, analysis, and behavior. The first consists of laws such as the PPN (pure proportional navigation) laws, which are referenced relative to the pursuer velocity vector, and the second consists of line-of-sight (LOS) referenced laws such as TPN (true PN), GTPN (generalized TPN), and GGL (generalized guidance law). It is shown that the latter class has serious drawbacks in terms of implementation and trajectory behavior, which more than offset the limited advantage in analytical treatment exploited hitherto in the literature. Among the major drawbacks are forward acceleration and braking requirements which are difficult to achieve, relative inefficiency in the utilization of control effects, restrictions on initial conditions, for intercept, lack of robustness, and the possibility of unbounded acceleration. From a practical point of view, PPN is a superior guidance law to TPN and its generalizations. The only utility of the LOS-reference laws appears to be to serve as approximations to analyze the more practical and efficient PPN law and its variants.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":156436,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Position Location and Navigation. A Decade of Excellence in the Navigation Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129264204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}