{"title":"Combining pseudoranges from GPS and Loran-C for air navigation","authors":"P. Enge, F.B. Vicksell, R. B. Goddard","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1990.66154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1990.66154","url":null,"abstract":"Position fixing, receiver autonomous fault detection, and receiver autonomous fault isolation are treated as system services, and the probability of outage for these three services is computed. The outage probability for the level of service required for nonprecision approach and enroute navigation in the National Airspace System is computed. The analysis assumes that GPS (Global Positioning System) is configured in the Optimal 21 constellation and includes the effects of satellite as well as Loran station failures. it is pointed out that user equipment which combines pseudoranges from GPS and Loran would be more reliable than an unaided GPS receiver or a Loran-only receiver. It could remove coverage outages caused by satellite failures and/or bad satellite geometry. Similarly, it could remove most of the coverage outages caused by Loran station shutdowns, high atmospheric noise levels, or precipitation static. A hybrid GPS/Loran receiver could also reliably provide self-contained fault detection and isolation (otherwise known as receiver autonomous integrity monitoring).<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":156436,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Position Location and Navigation. A Decade of Excellence in the Navigation Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126185092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Common-view GPS time transfer accuracy and stability results","authors":"J. Semler","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1990.66204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1990.66204","url":null,"abstract":"Results are reported of time and frequency dissemination research that achieved 10-ns timing accuracy and stability of parts in 10/sup 14/ over continental baselines. Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver data were processed by a differential, common-view technique that cancels most of the cardinal errors. The noise in the GPS data was characterized by using multicorner-hat separation-of-variances techniques. These noise values set Kalman smoother parameters for removal of random noise in the common-view data. The disagreement between various satellite measurements provides a measure of common-view GPS accuracy.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":156436,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Position Location and Navigation. A Decade of Excellence in the Navigation Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123784677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vehicle navigation using differential GPS","authors":"T. Hunter, W. Kosmalski, P. Truong","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1990.66205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1990.66205","url":null,"abstract":"It is pointed out that GPS (Global Positioning System), like any other means of navigation, has its own error sources that are unique to its implementation. The implementation of differential GPS deals with a process whereby most of these errors can be minimized, if not eliminated, thus improving the overall accuracy of GPS to a level of a few meters. These test results are presented, and applications of differential GPS are discussed. It is concluded that, in many applications where GPS navigation system and bidirectional data links exist and are in place, the cost of implementing differential GPS is minimal.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":156436,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Position Location and Navigation. A Decade of Excellence in the Navigation Sciences","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122384844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stand-alone vs. embedded GPS user equipment: the exploration of new standards","authors":"S. Goldstein","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1990.66168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1990.66168","url":null,"abstract":"Configurations of a stand-alone receiver chassis and embedded receiver module sets to meet the diversity of high-performance GPS (Global Positioning System) applications are addressed. The ITT design approach is shown to meet these applications. Specifically, the ITT 3/8 ATR short-short (PPS-capable) production receiver is available in a 230-in/sup 2/ volume to meet stand-alone receiver chassis requirements. An embedded GPS receiver (PPS-capable) consisting of individual modules from 9052 receiver requiring only 82 in/sup 3/ is also described. Technology insertion is described for the 3/8 ATR stand-alone receiver as a cost reduction and reliability preplanned product improvement. Technology insertion is also described for embedded configurations resulting in a single SEM-E GPS receiver (PPS-capable) module standard requiring only 23 in/sup 3/.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":156436,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Position Location and Navigation. A Decade of Excellence in the Navigation Sciences","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125237498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Information systems: an integral part of future vehicles","authors":"D.L. Frank","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1990.66156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1990.66156","url":null,"abstract":"The author suggests how the driving experience might be improved by providing drivers with information brought onboard the vehicle by compact disc and transmitted to and from the vehicle through appropriate communication links. He suggests three possible feature sets-cellular telephone enhancements, travel assistance, and business/professional. He offers several travel assistance features as solutions to anticipated traffic congestion problems. He contends that historic solutions of additional roadway construction will not be possible. He stresses the need for cooperation between the automotive, electronic component, and government traffic agencies in order that the most cost-effective solutions be implemented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":156436,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Position Location and Navigation. A Decade of Excellence in the Navigation Sciences","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124872594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Flight test results of a tightly integrated RLG-based Global Positioning System/inertial navigation system","authors":"M. Lynch, D. Weber","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1990.66209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1990.66209","url":null,"abstract":"Development of a tightly integrated Global Positioning System/inertial navigation system (GPS/INS) is being pursued following the development of a miniaturized GPS receiver and a compact multiaxis ring laser gyro. The flight test program is reviewed, and the results are discussed in detail. The flight test results showed the excellent performance capabilities of the GPS/INS integrated configuration. In a region of nonoptimum satellite geometry, the unit performed very close to the planned accuracy levels. It is noted that, for both test flights, satellite geometry was, at best, not optimum and the aircraft landed in a period of very poor satellite geometry. However, the terminal performance of the integrated system was not degraded and demonstrated GPS-quality performance, with INS and air data computer providing the altitude information unavailable due to poor satellite geometry. Evaluation of the integrated GPS/INS by independent agencies and further planned enhancements to the system's performance are presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":156436,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Position Location and Navigation. A Decade of Excellence in the Navigation Sciences","volume":"13 18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126659100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Flight evaluation of the Integrated Inertial Sensor Assembly (IISA) on a helicopter","authors":"R. Mack, J.J. Jankovitz","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1990.66195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1990.66195","url":null,"abstract":"After successful flight test evaluation of the integrated inertial sensor assembly (IISA) on an F-15 aircraft, the system was installed onboard a Blackhawk helicopter at Wilmington Airport in Delaware. An overview of the flight test evaluation conducted on the Blackhawk is presented. It is concluded that all program objectives were successfully demonstrated and proved that the IISA system can be used for helicopter applications. The IISA Helicopter Demonstration Program consisted of two phases. During the first phase, vibration data were obtained to quantify the helicopter's vibration environment. Based on these data, IISA's digital flight control filters were modified for flight control signal quality evaluations during the second phase. During the flight tests, no evidence of body bending modes or local structural vibration degrading IISA's performance was found. The flight test data indicate that IISA's flight control signals have the necessary dynamic range to satisfy future helicopter fly-by-wire flight control systems. IISA's redundancy management software worked flawlessly during the insertion of hardover failures. From the standpoint of flight safety IISA exhibits full QUAD redundancy.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":156436,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Position Location and Navigation. A Decade of Excellence in the Navigation Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122917980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Loran Early implementation project: gateway for GPS","authors":"G. H. Quinn, F. D. Mackenzie, I. McWilliams","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1990.66155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1990.66155","url":null,"abstract":"The Early Implementation Project (EIP) was the initial step in the process of Loran integration into the National Airspace System (NAS). The EIP was designed to give the FAA and the Loran user community experience in the operation use of Loran. The experience gained in the EIP has helped the FAA make the transition from the limited project to the fully operational system with airports distributed around the country with general users operating with TSO standard receivers. In addition, the EIP serves as a model for the introduction of the Global Positioning System (GPS) into the NAS during the 1990s. It is recommended that the FAA/NASAO Loran Working Group be expanded to include technical expertise from the GPS area. This group would guide a requirements study for a mutually supportive system. The development of a comprehensive plan for the navigation system for the 21st century is also recommended.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":156436,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Position Location and Navigation. A Decade of Excellence in the Navigation Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122336076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}