Journal of Ecosystem & Ecography最新文献

{"title":"Simulated Impact of Desertification and Deforestation on Indian MonsoonRainfall and Surface Fluxes: RegCM4.0 Simulations","authors":"A. Lodh","doi":"10.4172/2157-7625.1000226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7625.1000226","url":null,"abstract":"Impact of extensive desertification in northwest India, Himalayan glaciers depletion and tropical deforestation over Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, on Indian monsoon circulations, precipitation, surface fluxes is being studied. In this research paper, by changing vegetation types in the bats coupled - regCM4.0, the model impact of desertification and deforestation on Indian monsoons is investigated. By performing these sensitivity experiments (extended desertification, and tropical deforestation) it is found that over India, monsoon precipitation is significantly decreased at local and large scales. Decreased surface roughness length and increase in albedo because of desertification/deforestation in the model results in origination of anomalous westerly winds and subsidence, decreasing turbulent flow, decreasing rainfall over land and strengthening over the seas and consequently increases the temperature over land. Further, the hydrological and atmospheric water cycle gets weak because precipitation decreases. Thus any form of deforestation and desertification happening over tropical regions has a severe impact on Indian summer monsoon atmospheric circulations and precipitation.","PeriodicalId":15637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecosystem & Ecography","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84604848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnobotanical and Economic Importance of Wild Plant Species of Jabal Moussa Bioreserve, Lebanon","authors":"S. Baydoun, D. Kanj, K. Raafat, M. AboulEla, L. Chalak, N. Arnold-Apostolides","doi":"10.4172/2157-7625.1000245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7625.1000245","url":null,"abstract":"Wild plants are among the important service forests provide to man. In this study, an ethnobotanical survey of the wild plants of Jabal Moussa Bioreserve of Lebanon has been conducted through personal interviews with key community members of the bioreserve villages. The economic importance of cited ethnobotanical species was then assessed based on the commercial value of species and their relationship to economic crops. The findings revealed that 130 plant species provide the local community with a breadth of wood and non-wood products. Medicinal species ranked highest contributing to 33% of reported use followed by food and beverage (15%), fuel (12%), environmental uses (10%) and materials (8%), while the remaining 22% was shared between other uses (bee plants, poisons, cosmetics, and social uses). Based on their use-values, Ceratonia siliqua, Laurus nobilis, Prunus sp.and Rhus coriaria were among the highest-ranking tree species. Whereas, Cichorium intybus, Eryngium creticum, Gundelia tournefortii, Matricaria chamomilla, Melissa officinalis, Origanum sp., Salvia fruticosa and Viola odorata were at the forefront of herbaceous species. Considering the commercial value and relationship to economic crops, the results demonstrated a list of 21 species of actual and potential high economic importance. Findings of this study clearly indicate that numerous wild plants of Jabal Moussa Bioreserve are still in use and hold high potentiality for economic development. Further studies to map and quantify the availability of these species and develop suitable methods for their propagation and production are necessary.","PeriodicalId":15637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecosystem & Ecography","volume":"56 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86932432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Distribution Of Contemporary Saltmarsh Foraminifera In A Macrotidal Estuary: An Assessment Of Their Viability For Sea-Level Studies","authors":"H. Mills, J. Kirby, S. Holgate, A. Plater","doi":"10.4172/2157-7625.1000131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7625.1000131","url":null,"abstract":"An analysis of dead benthic foraminiferal assemblages and associated environmental variables is presented to establish the controls on species distribution and zonation on two macrotidal saltmarshes in the Mersey estuary with the aim of evaluating the use of foraminifera in reconstructing past sea levels. The combined results from five contemporary transects from two sites illustrate that where there is a sufficient elevational range, foraminifera distribution and zonation shows a good relationship with altitude, with a high-to-middle marsh zone characterised by Haplophragmoides wilberti , Jadammina macrescens, and Miliammina fusca, and a low marsh zone composed of similar agglutinated species with calcareous species including Brizalina spp., Elphidium spp., and Haynesina spp. Cluster analysis and partial Redundancy Analysis (pRDA) reveals that the elevational control decreases with respect to other environmental variable inter-correlations when the sampling elevation range is reduced. It is proposed that this is a key issue for macrotidal environments when the contemporary sampling range represents a small proportion of the spring tidal range (i.e. <10%). Limiting the contemporary dataset to agglutinated species only, a tidal level transfer function can be obtained which offers acceptable predictability and precision (r2jack = 0.79, RMSEPjack = 0.13 m) for the reconstruction of past sea level.","PeriodicalId":15637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecosystem & Ecography","volume":"05 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86129941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"YES as a Tool for Detecting Estrogenic Activity of Some Food Additives Compounds: E 104, E 122, E 124, E 132 and E 171","authors":"I. Bazin, A. Hassine, W. Mnif, Catherine Gonzalez","doi":"10.4172/2157-7625.1000128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7625.1000128","url":null,"abstract":"The toxicity (mutagenic and carcinogenic effects) of food dyes (used like food additive) has been well documented. However the endocrine disrupting effects of these dyes have been poorly investigated. We studied five commercial food dyes for their agonistic estrogen activity and do a comparison with estrogenic activity of some paraben (other food additives compounds). Total estrogenic activities were measured using the Yeast Estrogen Screen bioassay (YES). The estrogenic potency of the food dyes was measured by dose-response curves and compared to a doseresponse curve of 17-β-estradiol (E2), (reference compound). Estrogen EC50 values have been calculated using standard linear regression methods. Among these compounds, three food dyes, indigotine (E 132), the monoazo dye Ponceau 4R (E 124) and the inorganic dye titanium dioxide (E 171), revealed weak estrogenic activity. Negative results were obtained for Quinoline Yellow (E 104).","PeriodicalId":15637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecosystem & Ecography","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80496927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaf Demography of Some Evergreen and Deciduous Tree and Shrub Species of Kumaun Himalaya, India","authors":"Sanjay Kumar, L. Tewari, A. Tewari","doi":"10.4172/2157-7625.1000127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7625.1000127","url":null,"abstract":"Leaf demography was studied in 9 trees (6 Evergreen (ES), 1 Semideciduous (SD) and 2 Deciduous (DS)) and 10 shrubs (7 Evergreen (ES) and 3 Deciduous (DS)) occurring between 350 to 2500 m elevation in the Kumaun Himalaya, India. Although each species had its own pattern about seasonality of leaf recruitment, it was possible to group the species based on leaf expansion behavior. The result shows the leaf expansion rate was greater for deciduous species compared to Evergreen species. The percent leaf area after four weeks of expansion was also greater for deciduous species.","PeriodicalId":15637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecosystem & Ecography","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75520761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roloway Guenon ( Cercopithecus diana roloway ) and White-Naped Mangabey ( Cercocebus atys lunulatus ) Prefer Mangrove Habitats in Tanoé Forest, South-Eastern Ivory Coast","authors":"S. G. Bi, Jck Bene, E. A. Bitty, B. K. Kassé, A. N’guessan, André Djaha Koffi, B. Akpatou, I. Koné","doi":"10.4172/2157-7625.1000126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7625.1000126","url":null,"abstract":"There are three primate taxa which have the same range in West Africa (eastern Ivory Coast and western Ghana): Miss Waldron’s red colobus Piliocolobus badius waldronae, the Roloway guenon Cercopithecus diana roloway and the white-naped mangabey Cercocebus atys lunulatus. They were previously listed as critically endangered; however, Cercocebus atys lunulatus was recently downgraded to endanger. A series of surveys have been conducted since the early 1990s in the tropical forests of Ghana and Ivory Coast to survey thesee taxa. In 2006, these studies led to the conclusion that the Tanoe forest, south eastern Ivory Coast should be considered a top priority site for primate conservation in West Africa. From February 2008 to March 2008; and in March 2009, we carried out field surveys in the Tanoe Forest over 22 days to gather updated distribution information to assess the conservation status of all diurnal primate taxa occurring in that forest, with special focus on the red colobus, Roloway guenons and white-naped mangabeys. During walk surveys of 429.3 km by three teams, we failed to observe any red colobus monkey. Diana roloway guenons were encountered at 0.10 groups/Km in the flooded forest vs 0.65 groups/ km in mangroves and white-naped mangabeys were encountered at 0.07 groups/km in the flooded forest vs 0.50 groups/Km in mangroves. Both these taxa were significantly more frequently encountered in mangroves compared to flooded forests. The high observation rate of Roloway monkey and white-naped mangabey in mangroves seems to indicate an adaptive strategy developed by these taxa to avoid hunting pressure. In addition, with its abundant foliage and the permanent presence of water throughout the year, mangrove offers food for monkeys.","PeriodicalId":15637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecosystem & Ecography","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74953981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Landslides in Tanzania","authors":"J. Tegeje, M. Kervyn","doi":"10.4172/2157-7625.1000243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7625.1000243","url":null,"abstract":"This paper intended to inventorize the occurrence of landslides in Tanzania in temporal and spatial terms. Specifically, the inventory focused on identifying areas in Tanzania which are prone to landslides, identifying the frequency of landslide occurrence in the country, identifying the underlying and triggering factors for landslides, the socio-economic impacts of landslides and assessing the people’s perception of landslides in Tanzania. Identification and mapping of landslide was achieved through the use primary and secondary sources of information. Primary data was acquired through exploratory field visit to the 5 landslide scars in the north and south Pare Mountains in the northern highlands of Tanzania. Short discussion with local people in the areas was made to gain insights into their perception of landslides. Secondary data was acquired through the review of achieved sources. This review was made in respect of the landslides that were not covered by the aforementioned exploratory field visit. The EMDAT was also used to provide information on the number of landslide events, fatalities and socio-economic impacts. Google Earth™ search and image interpretation were used to located and describe landslides in other regions of the country that were not covered by the aforementioned exploratory field study. A 90 m resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) from USGS for Tanzania was used to map the landslide scars identified through Google Earth search. Google Earth search and image interpretation were supported by secondary information from archived sources. The inventory noted that landslides in Tanzania have received relatively limited attention both in the literature and in government disaster management plans. With exception of studies conducted in Uluguru Mountain in 1970s, no formal landslide research has been made in recent years. Despite extensive web searches, no landslide inventory has been made in Tanzania. This may presumably be due to existing assumption that landslides in Tanzania have low frequency of occurrence and are localized compared to other disasters such as floods, epidemics and drought, whose occurrence affect many more people, drawing more community, government and media attention. This has thus, affected the way landslide events are reported and managed in the country. This assertion however, does not preclude the fact that one/few landslide events, depending on their magnitude, where they occur and nature of elements at risk, can affect significant number of people and vice versa. This inventory has also documented cultural perspectives on landslides. Care must be taken to incorporate appropriate indigenous knowledge and people’s perception pertaining to landslides and other disasters as these are critical in designing and implementing culturallyinformed and low cost disaster management strategies. This may, in turn, obviate the need or reduce cost for early warning systems. Landslide information provided by some revie","PeriodicalId":15637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecosystem & Ecography","volume":"91 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82301115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conflict Between The Need For Income And The Necessity Of Controlling Endemic Malaria","authors":"Susan S. Imbahale, Abonyo Ok, Aduogo Op, Githure Ij, W. Mukabana","doi":"10.4172/2157-7625.1000129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7625.1000129","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria control in Africa mainly explores top-down Government-led initiatives (vertical) rather than horizontal approaches, which normally embrace active participation of communities. African malaria mosquitoes mainly breed in man-made habitats such as brick-making pits, fishponds, irrigation channels etc. This underscores the need to have communities living in affected areas to understand their role in propagating malaria and henceforth, how to contribute in its control. Malaria disproportionately affects poor people whose need for income to support basic survival far exceeds other needs. It is therefore important to integrate income generation activities (IGA) into disease control interventions. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a questionnaire with open and closed ended questions to determine the potential integration of fish farming and mosquito control on Nyabondo plateau in western Kenya. Some of the questions asked included reasons for fish pond construction, pond condition (whether well maintained in productive state or abandoned), pond ownership (self or group), challenges faced and the respondentA¯Â?½s biodata. A total of 115 fish ponds were visited during the survey. Seventy percent of these were self owned while 30% were owned by local groups. Ponds were either maintained in active productive state or abandoned depending on the education level of the owner. Abandoned fish ponds harbored more Anopheles (malaria) mosquito larvae than active ones. Ninety nine percent of the pond owners practiced fish farming solely for income generation. There were no observable indicators that active fish farming was integrated with mosquito control. There is need to create awareness among the local communities about the importance of deliberately directing fish farming practices for integrated vector management. This will ensure proper maintenance of the ponds, assure nutrition and improve the socio-economic status of malaria burdened rural communities.","PeriodicalId":15637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecosystem & Ecography","volume":"75 4","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91472290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Revisited Study On Phylogeography And Phylogenetic Diversity Of Myricaria (Tamaricaceae)","authors":"Youhua Chen","doi":"10.4172/2157-7625.1000132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7625.1000132","url":null,"abstract":"As the first part of the present study, the ancestral distribution origin of Myricaria at a Eurasian perspective, a genus of Tamaricaceae, was re-evaluated by comparing three different methods, including Statistical Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis (S-DIVA), Dispersal-Extinction-Cladogenesis Analysis (DEC) and Bayesian Binary MCMC Analysis (BBM). In addition, Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE) was adopted to identify areas of endemism and test whether the endemic areas could be congruent to the origin of distribution. My results showed that two of the three ancestral distribution methods consistently identified East Asia as the historical origin of distribution, which was in line with a previous study using the distributional information of Myricaria in China only based on classical dispersal-vicariance method. PAE further supported such an observation, indicating that PAE could be an option for identifying origin of distribution. Further, it was found that the emigration of Myricaria from East Asia to the rest of Eurasian regions only occurred when the drastic uplifting of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau emerged. As another part of the study, I quantified the phylogenetic diversity patterns of Myricaria species using six phylogenetic diversity metrics, for the purpose of identifying the highest-priority species for conservation. For those species endemic to the origin of distribution, it was found that two species were assigned the highest conservation values under the phylogenetic framework, M. laxiflora and M. elegans var. tsetangensis.","PeriodicalId":15637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecosystem & Ecography","volume":"1997 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88159240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resettled Wellbeing And Biological Impact Analysis: A Case Of Padampur Village Development Committee In The Chitwan National Park, Nepal","authors":"H. Joshi","doi":"10.4172/2157-7625.1000130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7625.1000130","url":null,"abstract":"There is insoluble dilemma between biodiversity conservation and poverty reduction. This dilemma directly arises in park creation programs, when intended park areas are inhabited by poor indigenous people. There has been a complex structure to maintain double sustainability principle, i.e., sustainability in conservation and livelihood. The present study was carried out in Padampur relocated village at Barandabhar Corridor area of Chitwan National Park, Nepal to understand the wellbeing of the relocated people. The relocation project was people initiated rather than forced population displacement. Random quadrates sampling were adopted for biological impact analysis and detailed interviews were taken through the conceptual lens of the Impoverishment Risk and Reconstruction model (IRR model) for analyzing the livelihood of peoples (two stage, snowball without replacement random sampling). After resettlement program, it has shown some improvement of livelihood of people. However there were some constraints in using traditional resources, culture and knowledge which are troubling to indigenous Tharus. Similarly, shortage of water and low productivity are obstructing the day to day work of resettled people. There was a need of strong management policy for conservation of biological element at relocated place, particularly in Barandabhar Corridor forest.","PeriodicalId":15637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecosystem & Ecography","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81449955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}