Journal of Ecosystem & Ecography最新文献

{"title":"Technical Discussion over Three Means of Waste Management","authors":"Farah Bani Affan","doi":"10.4172/2157-7625.1000244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7625.1000244","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation is an effort to compare between three different ways of waste management: Recycling/ re-use, incineration and composting. Re-use gives the impression to have more beneficial factors than the other methods. Nevertheless, incineration is regarded as an effective alternative that converts waste into energy, hence improves the economy and preserve the environment by the use of modern gas-cleaning technology. Recycling has been found to be of less social demand, and composting has higher negative environmental impact and deals with smaller amounts of waste for longer periods of time.","PeriodicalId":15637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecosystem & Ecography","volume":"550 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77140568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical Test On The Environmental Constraints Related To Accidents With The Lonomia Obliqua Walker 1855, In Southern Brazil","authors":"Claudia Moreira Garcia","doi":"10.4172/2157-7625.1000125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7625.1000125","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is an analytical essay on the study of environmental conditions, related to accidents with the Lonomia obliqua Walker, 1855. From the considerations raised by the various researchers, about what’s next for leading to the increase in the number of accidents with this insect was doing a survey seeking to understand how environmental aspects represented by population growth, urban growth, the change of use and coverage of the soil and climate can act in its development. For this structured a survey covering six municipalities in the southern region, and two of each State (Parana, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul). He has been trying to work with the notifications that are indicative of the number of accidents with the L. obliqua. A study was elaborated within the geographical environmental health vision, taking into account the study prepared by Max Sorre, Pathogenic complex. It was used as the ecogeography methodology, which focuses on the relationship man-nature. With census data (1980,1991, 2000 and 2010), satellite imagery (time trial) and climate data, we tried to understand the interference of these elements in the increase in the number of accidents from 1989 to 2009. Although we have not done the field count of insects, the assumption that the increase in the number of accidents can be indirectly indicating the increase in the number of its population. It was found that the population growth, will be related to greater proximity with the insect population, since this promotes the urban growth and this the occupation of new areas, reducing the insect’s natural environment, leaving the population more susceptible to accidents. With respect to the climate it was observed that there is a constant in temperature values in the municipalities, ranging between 20oC and 25oC. Another factor noted was an increase in the volume of rainfall, caused by the action of El Nino and La Nina phenomena that cause an increase in soil moisture. This increased moisture can be acting in insect development and consequently the largest number of accidents.","PeriodicalId":15637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecosystem & Ecography","volume":"38 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74126077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comments on the Role of Photosynthesis in the Global Redox CarbonCycle","authors":"Ivlev Aa","doi":"10.4172/2157-7625.1000E125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7625.1000E125","url":null,"abstract":"However, \"global photosynthesis\" has the same features that characterize a normal photosynthesis. It consists of two reciprocal processes of CO2 assimilation and photorespiration. The strengthening of one of them is accompanied by the weakening of the other. The effect of each of the processes on the total biomass growth is opposite and depends on the concentration ratio of the CO2 and O2 in the environment. The increase of CO2 concentration enhances the CO2 assimilation and supplies the total biomass growth whereas the increase in oxygen concentration stimulates photorespiration and reduces the total biomass.","PeriodicalId":15637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecosystem & Ecography","volume":"74 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74534896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon and Nutrient Release Patterns during Leaf litter Decomposition in Boter-Becho Forest, Southwestern Ethiopia","authors":"Talemos Seta, S. Demissew, Z. Woldu, M. Lemenih","doi":"10.4172/2157-7625.1000222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7625.1000222","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon and nutrient release patterns from decomposing leaves in the forest involve initial leaching, a net immobilization by microbes and a net release phase where the nutrient mass decreases. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of disturbance and season (dry and wet) in the carbon (C) and nutrient release patterns from decomposing leaves. The decomposition of a mixed leaf litter in slightly disturbed (SD) and highly disturbed (HD) sites of Boter-Becho forest was investigated during one year. Litterbags of a mixed leaf litter (20 g each) were buried at a depth of 15 cm in the soils. Residual of mixed leaf litter was monthly retrieved, oven-dried (80°C for 24 h) and weighed. Initial leaf litter and decomposing leaf litter were analyzed for C, total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Differences in C and nutrients remaining between seasons and site were evaluated by one way ANOVA at P<0.05. Simple linear regression analysis was performed to predict the nutrient release pattern using initial litter chemistry. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the initial litter chemistry and nutrient release except for K (P=0.021). Moreover, the site had no significant influence on the C and nutrient release patterns except for K (P=0.013). A significant difference was observed (P<0.001) in C and nutrient release pattern between wet and dry season in both sites being greater the release in the wet season. This could be because of the higher temperature and rainfall in wet season which increase microbial activity and thus decomposition rate and nutrient release. Therefore, the rate of decomposition, C and nutrient release pattern in the Boter-Becho forest mainly depend on the climatic factors but not on the initial litter chemistry or site disturbance.","PeriodicalId":15637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecosystem & Ecography","volume":"3 4 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90585584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of the Biology and Ecological Interactions of Oncideres (Cerambycidae): Brazilian Wood Borers Species","authors":"H. F. Paulino-Neto","doi":"10.4172/2157-7625.1000223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7625.1000223","url":null,"abstract":"These insects have a cosmopolitan distribution and are especially abundant and diversified in the tropics. Many cerambycid species are considered pests in various parts of the world because of their ability to damage wood and wooden constructions. This damage frequently results in important economic losses because of the reduction in wood quality and commercial value. These insects can also alter the recruitment and age structure of host plant populations.","PeriodicalId":15637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecosystem & Ecography","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79076479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Floral Biology of Rhipsalis paradoxa (Cactaceae: Cactoideae) in Semideciduous Mesophyll Forest (Atlantic Forest) at Serra do Japi, Jundiaí-SP.","authors":"H. F. Paulino-Neto, A. C. Costa, Lívia Maria De Paula, Camilo Ribeiro De Lima","doi":"10.4172/2157-7625.1000221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7625.1000221","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate the floral biology and to determine the main floral visitors and potential pollinators of Rhipsalis paradoxa (Cactaceae). This study was conducted in an Environmental Protection Area in the Serra do Japi, Jundiai-SP. The R. paradoxa flowering season comprehended the months of September and October of 2001. The principal floral visitors were Apis melifera, Billbergia brasiliensis, Melipona quadrifasciata, Melipona bicolor and Trigona sp., all these bees belonging to Apidae family, thus this species consists in a melittophilous cactus. All floral visitors are potential pollinators. B. brasiliensis was considered the main pollinator, since it is a very common species, displays legitimate visits and promotes xenogamy when they move between distant individuals in the population. A. mellifera, M. bicolor and M. quadrifasciata are secondary pollinators, presenting lower visitation rates and short distance flights, promoting mainly self-pollinations and low gene flow within the population of R. paradoxa. Trigona sp., was the most common species and remained longer time in the flowers, however, this bee visited essentially flowers within the same plant favoring basically the geitonogamy, for this reason was considered only as a secondary pollinator. The conservation of the main pollinators of R. paradoxa is crucial for conservation of this cactus species that depend exclusively on bee pollination for its reproductive success.","PeriodicalId":15637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecosystem & Ecography","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76779274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frugivory in Bromelia Balansae (Bromeliaceae): The Effect of Seed Passage through the Digestive System of Potential Seed Dispersers on Germination in an Atlantic Rainforest, Brazil","authors":"H. F. Paulino-Neto, Eduardo Nakano-Oliveira, M. Jardim, J. Vasconcellos‐Neto","doi":"10.4172/2157-7625.1000224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7625.1000224","url":null,"abstract":"Frugivory in Bromelia balansae (Bromeliaceae): the effect of seed passage through the digestive system of potential seed dispersers on germination in an Atlantic Rainforest, Brazil. The Serra do Japi-SP Ecological Reserve is one of the last large areas of continuous forest in the interior of state Sao Paulo, and currently suffers great anthropic pressure due to the urbanization process in its surroundings. The dispersion of seeds by frugivorous mammals has great importance in the regeneration of altered areas and the composition of seed banks. In this work we identified some frugivores of Bromelia balansae and tested the viability of seeds present in their feces. To identify the frugivores were installed \"foot traps\" near plants with mature fruits. Mammalian feces were collected and analyzed in order to find seeds of B. balansae. Three species of frugivores were identified: Cerdocyon thous, Nasua nasua and Didelphis sp. In captivity, mature fruits of B. balansae were offered to crab-eating foxes and coati to obtain seeds passed through the digestive tract of these animals. The seeds contained in the feces of these mammals were collected for germination experiments in the laboratory. As a control, seeds were extracted directly from mature fruits for germination tests. As main results, we verified that the seeds remained viable and intact after passing through the digestive tract of these two species. Seeds that passed through the digestive tract of N. nasua and C. thous germinated faster than seeds from fruits. Coati gut passage showed significantly higher germinability than both groups of seeds, without pulp and with pulp. But the germinability of seeds with pulp removal was significantly higher than seeds with pulp. However, seeds that were intact after crab-eating foxes gut passage showed germination significantly higher than that seed with pulp, but showed no significant differences when compared to the seeds with removed pulp. Also, our data indicate that the coati gut passage has a higher positive effect on the seed germination of B. balansae than seed from foxes feces and mature fruits treatments. The plant architecture and leaf morphology of B. balansae restricts small size dispersers and favors the access of larger animals to the fruits, such as coatis and crab-eating foxes, ensuring the dispersion of seeds over long distances.","PeriodicalId":15637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecosystem & Ecography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75539096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic Valuation of Recreation Use Value of Kilimanjaro National Park, Tanzania","authors":"Y. ZellaAdili, H. NgunyaliRobert","doi":"10.4172/2157-7625.1000220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7625.1000220","url":null,"abstract":"Tanzanian authorities managing environmental resources/service have made an effort to set the fees to access their resources but still there is scanty information on the pricing strategy that consider both the value of the resource and the consumer perception on quality of services which results to the management failure to predict the future impact of price/fees changes to the number of tourists visitors’ per year, visitation rate and the total recreation value of their resources. This study focused on using Travel Cost Method to value recreation in KINAPA. Data were collected using questionnaire survey, key informants interviews and secondary materials. The questionnaire used for survey was designed to capture socio - demographic variables about visitors, travel cost component variable and data on visitors perception on the quality of services provided during a visit to KINAPA. With the sample size of 384, the count data that were generated from survey was modeled with Poisson model. Based on this econometric results Consumer Surplus per day of stay in the park was 925 182 TZS (USD 571.10), the mean visitor Willingness to Pay was per one day of a visit is 837 280.80 TZS (USD 516.84), the total recreation value of the park was estimated to be 314 165 955 200 TZS (USD 193 929 602) per one calendar year and the revenue maximizing entry fee for the park was estimated to be 90 396 TZS (USD 55.8). Moreover the finding indicates that variables such as travel costs, available recreation income, age, employment status and the quality perception were significant and have an influence on the number of days a visitor stay in the park. More economic valuation research on recreation use value is recommended to other National Parks since clear understanding of the value of existing natural resource trigger the proper management and allocation of resource.","PeriodicalId":15637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecosystem & Ecography","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79171989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lake Victoria and Its Associated Impediments","authors":"P. Sunday","doi":"10.4172/2157-7625.1000219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7625.1000219","url":null,"abstract":"Lake Victoria is the second largest lake in the world. It occupies an area of 86,600 sq. meters and is about 70 meters deep. This lake is faced with the following challenges such as pollution, algae growth and eutrophication, efficient jumping to mention a few. Because of this, man finds himself on the horns of dilemma to continue with trial and error of the past means irreparable damage to his habitat. \u0000The study found that the endemic Haplocromis, Zoo plankton and phyto planktons gradual disappearance. It was also found out that there is increased pollution dump and efficient. There is an increase of chromium phosphorus and nitrogen in the lake hence death of fish. The lake and resource units are reciprocal with the species. It mainly consists of Nile perch, Cypriamid and Tilapia. Dumping in subsequent years has increased owing to population, dumping, construction of sites and sand extraction. Some of the recommendations include controlled fishing, reintroduction of endemic species, pollution regulation, monitoring of the lake and polluters pays principle.","PeriodicalId":15637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecosystem & Ecography","volume":"36 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73718158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Assessment of Risks and Opportunities Related to Ecosystem Services, in the case of Mekelle city","authors":"Tewelde Gebre, S. Hagos, Million Getachew, Melkamu Sinshaw, Molla Wondimu","doi":"10.4172/2157-7625.1000217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7625.1000217","url":null,"abstract":"Information on current status of ecosystem services has vital importance in preparing local, regional and national economic plans. Results from assessment report of the condition of ecosystem services help decision makers to focus on the services that are more likely to be sources of risks and opportunities for specific decisions. The main objective of this study is to assess the risks and opportunities that are related with ecosystem services within Mekelle city. Data for the study has been utilized from secondary sources. Findings of the study show that, there are different ecosystem services that provide a variety of goods and services in Mekelle city. Food and fresh water supply, genetic resources, air quality, climate and water regulation, water purification and waste treatment, recreation and eco-tourism, nutrient cycling and water cycling are screened to be relevant ecosystem services in the city. To assess the condition and trends of the relevant ecosystem services in the city, a detailed analysis of the condition of relevant ecosystem services is done. For this purpose, indicators are selected and used to evaluate the condition and trends of the relevant ecosystem services and the drivers.","PeriodicalId":15637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecosystem & Ecography","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88217501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}