YES as a Tool for Detecting Estrogenic Activity of Some Food Additives Compounds: E 104, E 122, E 124, E 132 and E 171

Abstract

The toxicity (mutagenic and carcinogenic effects) of food dyes (used like food additive) has been well documented. However the endocrine disrupting effects of these dyes have been poorly investigated. We studied five commercial food dyes for their agonistic estrogen activity and do a comparison with estrogenic activity of some paraben (other food additives compounds). Total estrogenic activities were measured using the Yeast Estrogen Screen bioassay (YES). The estrogenic potency of the food dyes was measured by dose-response curves and compared to a doseresponse curve of 17-β-estradiol (E2), (reference compound). Estrogen EC50 values have been calculated using standard linear regression methods. Among these compounds, three food dyes, indigotine (E 132), the monoazo dye Ponceau 4R (E 124) and the inorganic dye titanium dioxide (E 171), revealed weak estrogenic activity. Negative results were obtained for Quinoline Yellow (E 104).