Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders最新文献

{"title":"The association between gestational diabetes mellitus and cancer in women: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Kaiwan Mohammed Rostam Al-Jaf, Ghobad Moradi, Abbas Aghaei, Farhad Moradpour, Yousef Moradi","doi":"10.1007/s40200-025-01633-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40200-025-01633-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the risk of various cancers, including breast, cervical, and uterine cancers, using data from studies published between 1998 and 2025.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search of international databases identified 1,207 unique records, from which 23 studies were included, comprising both case-control and cohort designs. The studies, conducted across multiple countries, investigated GDM's association with different types of cancers. Data were pooled and analyzed using random-effects models, and heterogeneity, publication bias, and subgroup analyses were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The meta-analysis revealed no significant association between GDM and breast cancer risk (RR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.89-1.06), with considerable heterogeneity (I² = 70.21%). For cervical cancer, no significant association was found (RR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.76-1.10), with minimal heterogeneity (I² = 0.25%). Uterine cancer also showed no significant association with GDM (RR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.72-1.47). The analysis revealed consistent findings across different diagnostic methods for GDM and cancer, with no significant publication bias detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis found no significant overall association between GDM and the risk of breast, cervical, or uterine cancers. However, variations across studies suggest that factors such as geographic region, study design, and diagnostic methods may influence the observed associations. Further research with larger, more homogeneous samples is needed to clarify the potential links between GDM and cancer risk.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-025-01633-5.</p>","PeriodicalId":15635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"24 1","pages":"124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12086137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations in basic taste perception and body mass index.","authors":"Samira Hajimaghsoodi, Fatemeh Hajiebrahimi, Fatemeh Owlia","doi":"10.1007/s40200-025-01628-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40200-025-01628-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>One effective factor is a person`s sense of taste. This study compared the taste perception of dental students with different body mass index (BMI).</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 100 dental students aged 21 to 25 years were evaluated. Participants were assessed on three BMI groups people, normal weight (BMI < 25) (kg/m²), overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30) (kg/m²), and obesity (BMI ≥ 30) (kg/m²). Taste perception was measured using four different concentrations of basic tastes. The taste perception was measured using swabs impregnated with 4 different concentrations of the four main tastes studied on the protruded tongue. Subjects were asked to inform the researcher when they sensed the taste. Statistical analysis of the results was obtained using the Kruskal-Wallis test (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the participants, 54% were male and 46% were female, 71 people had normal weight, 23 people were overweight, and 6 were obese people. There are significant differences in taste threshold scores of main tastes except salty between genders for BMI groups (p-value < 0.05). The present study showed a significant difference in bitter and sour taste according to the BMI group. There was a significant difference between the taste perception and BMI group in sweet and bitter tastes in women. There was a significant difference in the sour taste perception and BMI group in men.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results would present important insights into taste perception. The BMI may influence how sourness and bitterness are perceived. There was a noticeable difference in women's sweet and bitter taste perception based on BMI.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":15635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"24 1","pages":"122"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12086131/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the association between pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, serum TSH levels, and the prevalence of thyroid nodules in a Persian adult cohort: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Mina Golgoon, Negar Morovatdar, Aida Bakhshi, Pouya Taji, Moeen Salari, Ghazaleh Taghavi, Soha Kazemian, Solmaz Hasani","doi":"10.1007/s40200-025-01635-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40200-025-01635-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The specific link between thyroid nodules and vascular aging remains less explored. This gap underscores the necessity for further investigation to deepen our understanding of how thyroid health intersects with vascular aging and cardiovascular risks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional observational study was conducted within the Persian organizational cohort study in Mashhad, Iran, comprising 2,857 participants. The association between pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AIx), serum TSH levels, and the prevalence of thyroid nodules was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In a cohort of 2,857 participants, a critical correlation was found between the presence of thyroid nodules and changes in cardiovascular indices, with significant relationships observed between nodular characteristics and both AIx and PWV. TSH levels were correlated with both the augmentation index (<i>R</i> = 0.072; <i>p</i> < 0.01) and PWV (<i>R</i> = -0.070; <i>p</i> < 0.01). Both AIx and PWV were significantly higher in the presence of thyroid nodules (28.76 vs. 26.80, <i>p</i> < 0.01) and (7.25 vs. 7.07, <i>p</i> < 0.01), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found no significant correlation between TSH levels or thyroid volume and AIx or PWV. However, AIx and PWV were significantly higher in the presence of thyroid nodules, indicating their potential as important indicators of cardiovascular risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":15635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"24 1","pages":"121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144101919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of multi-strain synbiotic supplementation on liver enzymes, insulin resistance, anthropometric, and inflammatory indices in overweight and obese adults with fatty liver and diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Aryan M Yazdani, Mohammad Reza Fattahi, Mohammad Hassan Eftekhari, Afsane Ahmadi, Mahmood Soveid, Morteza Zare, Mohammad Ali Mohsenpour","doi":"10.1007/s40200-025-01632-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40200-025-01632-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Synbiotic supplements have been shown to affect type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), however; results remain inconclusive. Thus, the present study was designed to investigate the potential effect of multi-strain synbiotic supplements on liver enzymes, insulin resistance, anthropometric indices, and inflammatory markers in overweight/obese patients with NAFLD and T2DM.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In a 12-week triple-blinded randomized controlled trial, 40 eligible overweight or obese adults with NAFLD and T2DM were randomly assigned to two groups to consume either synbiotic supplements or a placebo along a low-calorie diet. Participants were assessed for liver enzymes, anthropometric and glycemic indices, and lipid profiles before and after the study.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>After the study period, using intention-to-treat approach 20 individuals were included in the final analysis for each group. The intervention group showed significant reductions in within group analysis for insulin levels, weight, and BMI (<i>P</i> < 0.05). AST was reduced in both intervention and control groups. However, no significant differences were found for between-group analyses. Additionally, changes in inflammatory markers, lipid profiles, and insulin resistance indices were not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the present study, synbiotic supplements showed improvements in insulin levels, weight, BMI, and AST. However, in comparison to the control group no beneficial effects were observed. Further studies are recommended to draw more definitive conclusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"24 1","pages":"120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12081805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of plasma level of phenylalanine with inflammatory markers, insulin resistance, and atherosclerotic indexes in patients with phenylketonuria.","authors":"Parvaneh Moghimi, Seyed Ali Hosseini Tafreshi, Marjan Khorsand, Zahra Rassaf, Mohammad Esmaeil Khedmati, Forough Iranpak, Rita Arabsolghar, Fariba Moradiardekani, Mohammad Ali Takhshid","doi":"10.1007/s40200-025-01631-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40200-025-01631-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) are at increasing risk of metabolic disorders and atherosclerosis. This case-control study aimed to compare the values of atherosclerosis risk factors, including insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidemia, mean of platelet volume (MPV), and systemic inflammation in adult PKU patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty patients with PKU were categorized into two groups: well-controlled (WC) (plasma Phe < 600 µmol/L) and poorly controlled (PC) (Phe > 600 µmol/L). Twenty-five age -, gender -, and BMI-matched healthy individuals were enrolled as the control group. Serum insulin, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and lipids were measured. The systemic inflammatory index (SII) and systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) were calculated using the counts of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and platelets.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both PKU groups had lower serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein than the healthy subjects (p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in IR between the PKU patients and the control group. MPV was significantly higher in the patients with PKU compared to the healthy controls. The levels of SII and SIRI were substantially lower in the WC group compared to the healthy control group and the PC group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All in all, a higher level of dyslipidemia and MPV were observed in patients with PKU compared to healthy individuals. SII and SIRI were significantly lowered in the WC group compared to the PC group and healthy individuals, suggesting the role of adherence to a restricted diet in reducing the risk of systemic inflammation in patients with PKU.</p>","PeriodicalId":15635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"24 1","pages":"119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing a localized health promotion model in diabetic patients: a field trial.","authors":"Termeh Tarjoman, Mahmonir Mohammadi, Fatemeh Mousavi, Arezoo Chouhdari, Akbar Nikpajouh, Khalil Alimohammadzadeh, Parisa Shojaei, Akbar Shafiee","doi":"10.1007/s40200-025-01624-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40200-025-01624-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Diabetes mellitus, a major cardiovascular risk factor, is a leading non-communicable disease globally. Self-management education can effectively prevent and control diabetes. We evaluated a localized health promotion model for diabetic patients through a field trial in a general hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 452 diabetic patients who visited our hospital's cardiology and internal medicine wards and randomly assigned them to two equal groups: intervention and control. The intervention group received initial and periodic education on diabetes management and lifestyle modification, as well as educational materials. The control group received only initial education and phone follow-ups. We measured the following outcomes after 6 and 12 months of discharge: glucose and lipid levels, smoking status, diet quality, rehospitalization rate, treatment cost, quality of life, and work absenteeism. The groups were then compared using chi-square, student t-test, and two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We enrolled 452 patients, randomized into two equal groups, and followed them for one year. Baseline demographic and clinical variables were similar between groups. The intervention group showed a significant reduction in BMI (<i>P</i> = 0.027), fasting blood glucose (<i>P</i> < 0.001), and HbA1c levels (<i>P</i> = 0.002) compared to the control group. The prevalence of hypertension, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and inappropriate diet was significantly higher in the control group (<i>P</i> = 0.001 for all). The intervention group had fewer hospitalizations, work absences, and medical costs (<i>P</i> < 0.001, <i>P</i> = 0.001, and <i>P</i> < 0.001, respectively). No significant difference was observed in satisfaction rates between the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Health promotion interventions could improve glucose control and other health indicators and reduce costs for diabetic patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":15635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"24 1","pages":"117"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064538/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explainable machine learning model incorporating social determinants of health to predict chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes patients.","authors":"Md Mohaimenul Islam, Tahmina Nasrin Poly, Arinzechukwu Nkemdirim Okere, Yao-Chin Wang","doi":"10.1007/s40200-025-01621-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40200-025-01621-9","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;Social determinants of health (SDOH) play a critical role in the onset and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Despite the well-established role of SDOH, previous studies have not fully incorporated these factors in predicting CKD in Type 2 diabetes patients. To bridge this gap, this study aimed to develop and evaluate the machine learning (ML) models that incorporate SDOH to enhance CKD risk prediction in Type 2 diabetes patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Data were obtained from the 2023 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a national survey that collects comprehensive health-related data from adults across the United States. Missing data were addressed using the K-nearest neighbor imputation method, and the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) was applied to balance class distributions. Potential predictive features were selected using correlation coefficient analysis. The dataset was partitioned into training (80%) and testing (20%) subsets, with a 3-fold cross-validation strategy applied to the training data. Seven ML models were developed for CKD risk prediction, including logistic regression (LR), decision tree (DT), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), random forest (RF), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and an artificial neural network (ANN). Model performance was evaluated using multiple metrics, including the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), precision, recall, F1 score, accuracy, and false positive rate.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The study included 19,912 Type 2 diabetes patients (weighted sample size: 818,878), among whom 2,924 (weighted 13.92%) had CKD, and 16,988 (weighted 86.08%) did not. Over half of the CKD group (50.4%) were aged 65 or older. The proportion of female patients was higher in both groups, comprising 53.8% of the CKD group and 50.5% of the non-CKD group. Among the ML models evaluated, the RF model demonstrated the highest predictive performance for CKD, with an AUROC of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.88 - 0.90), followed by the DT model (0.84, 95% CI: 0.83 - 0.85) and XGBoost (0.83, 95% CI: 0.82 - 0.84). The RF model achieved an accuracy of 0.81 (95%CI: 0.81 - 0.81), a precision of 0.79 (95%CI: 0.79 - 0.79), a recall of 0.85 (95%CI: 0.85 - 0.85), and an F1 score of 0.82 (95%CI: 0.82 - 0.82). Additionally, the RF model exhibited strong calibration, reinforcing its reliability as a predictive tool for CKD risk in individuals with Type 2 diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The study findings underscore the potential of ML models, particularly the RF model, in accurately predicting CKD among individuals with Type 2 diabetes. This approach not only enhances the precision of CKD prediction but also highlights the importance of addressing social and environmental disparities in disease prevention and management. Leveraging ML models with SDOH can lead to earlier interventions, more personalized treatment plans,","PeriodicalId":15635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"24 1","pages":"115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rising type 2 diabetes mellitus-related mortality among young adults in the United States: a nationwide analysis.","authors":"Usama Qamar, Farhan Naeem, Maaz Asif, Waleed Qamar","doi":"10.1007/s40200-025-01626-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40200-025-01626-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) related mortality trends remain understudied among younger adults in the United States (US). This study aims to bridge this gap by using data from a large national database of mortality statistics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Death certificate data from 1999 to 2020 were extracted from the CDC WONDER database for all the fatalities among US adults aged 25 to 64 years, where T2DM was listed as the underlying or contributing cause of death. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 1 million persons were calculated, and temporal mortality trends were evaluated by computing annual percent change (APC) in AAMRs using the Joinpoint log-linear regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 272,155 T2DM-related deaths occurred among US adults aged 25-64 years from 1999 to 2020. The overall AAMR significantly increased from 37.6 in 1999 to 138.36 by 2020 with an APC of 4.8 (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Males had higher AAMR than females (80.13 vs. 51.20), and adults aged 55-64 years had a higher mortality rate than younger age groups. Among races, non-Hispanic American Indians/Alaska Natives had the highest AAMR (177.09). Mortality rates showed a significant upward trend across all genders, age groups, and racial subgroups. Nonmetropolitan areas had higher AAMR than metropolitan areas (83.08 vs. 61.97). AAMR varied substantially by state, with the highest AAMR in West Virginia (140.39) and the lowest in Massachusetts (23.06).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>T2DM-related mortality has significantly increased among younger US adults over the last two decades. Higher mortality rates were observed among males, NH American Indians, and residents of rural areas and the Western regions.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong>Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-related mortality among young adults aged 25-64 years in the United States from 1999 to 2020.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-025-01626-4.</p>","PeriodicalId":15635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"24 1","pages":"116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064500/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of metabolic pathways genes and the effects of very low-calorie diet on insulin resistance and fatty acid profiles in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery.","authors":"Manoj Kumar, Vibhav Nigam, Sandeep Kumar, Anumesh K Pathak","doi":"10.1007/s40200-025-01625-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40200-025-01625-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the effects of a very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) on insulin resistance (IR), metabolic gene expression, and fatty acid profiles in obese patients (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m²) undergoing bariatric surgery compared to age- and sex-matched nonobese controls (BMI ≤ 25 kg/m²) undergoing elective abdominal surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 38 participants (21 obese and 17 nonobese controls) were recruited for this study. Obese patients underwent VLCD (800 kcal/day) for four weeks before surgery. Fasting blood samples and tissue biopsies were collected during surgery. Key parameters included IR (measured using HOMA-IR), metabolic gene expression (quantified via RT-PCR), and fatty acid composition (analyzed by gas chromatography). Data were compared between pre- and post-VLCD groups in the obese cohort.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GLUT4 expression was reduced (1.57-fold, <i>p</i> = 0.025), whereas PDK4 (3.9-fold, <i>p</i> = 0.002), CPT1 (2.5-fold, <i>p</i> = 0.013), and AMPK (twofold, <i>p</i> = 0.004) expression were Correlation analysis revealed that GLUT4 was negatively correlated with BMI (r = -0.85), glucose (r = -0.94), and IR (r = -0.79), CPT1 was positively correlated with these parameters (BMI: r = 0.84, glucose: r = 0.92, IR: r = 0.82). VLCD significantly reduced monounsaturated fatty acids, including alpha-linolenic acid (<i>p</i> = 0.03) and erucic acid (<i>p</i> = 0.019). Postsurgical improvements included reductions in BMI (Δ = 6.21, <i>p</i> < 0.0001), glucose level (Δ = 6.94, <i>p</i> = 0.0007), and IR (Δ = 10.19, <i>p</i> = 0.0039).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>VLCD modulated metabolic gene expression and fatty acid profiles, enhancing IR and metabolic health both pre- and post-surgery. This represents a critical strategy for optimizing the outcomes of obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-025-01625-5.</p>","PeriodicalId":15635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"24 1","pages":"114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12055731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary insight into the potential role of Leptin Receptor Polymorphisms in Type 2 Diabetes Risk: case-control study and bioinformatics analysis.","authors":"Mahboobeh Sabeti Akbar-Abad, Mahdi Majidpour, Fatemeh Keykha, Mohsen Maleki, Yegane Piroozan, Ramin Saravani, Mehdi Zandhaghighi, Hossein Shahriari, Saman Sargazi","doi":"10.1007/s40200-025-01617-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40200-025-01617-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) develops primarily from obesity as leptin (LEP) functions as an essential adipokine that controls metabolic regulation, energy balance activities, and glucose maintenance. The T2DM and obesity susceptibility traits are believed to be affected by genetic variations in the leptin receptor gene (<i>LEPR</i>), disrupting LEP signaling mechanisms. This case-control study investigates the association of these variants with T2DM risk in a Southeastern Iranian population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case-control study was conducted involving 450 T2DM patients and 450 matched healthy controls from Zahedan. Genomic DNA for this study was isolated from peripheral blood samples, and genotyping for the specified <i>LEPR</i> rs1137100, rs1137101, and rs1805094 polymorphisms was conducted using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Computational analysis created a gene-gene interaction network, highlighting <i>LEPR</i> as a central hub gene and detailing its interactions with related genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Genetic models, such as codominant heterozygous (<i>p</i>-value = 0.009), dominant (<i>p</i>-value = 0.006), recessive (<i>p</i>-value = 0.008), and allelic (<i>p</i>-value = 0.011), all showed that the rs1137100 (A/G) polymorphism lowered the risk of T2DM. Several genetic models linked polymorphisms at the rs1137101 (G/A) and rs1805094 (G/C) loci to a higher risk of T2DM: The genetic models that were looked at were polymorphism rs1137101 (G/A) in codominant Homozygous (<i>p</i>-value = 0.031) and recessive (<i>p</i>-value = 0.028), as well as polymorphism rs1805094 (G/C) in codominant heterozygous (<i>p</i>-value = 0.009), dominant (<i>p</i>-value = 0.001), excess (<i>p</i>-value = 0.008), and allelic (<i>p</i>-value = 0.001). The research demonstrated a profound linkage disequilibrium (LD) among studied variants, especially in the <i>LEPR</i> haplotypes and across various blocks, with differing levels of association strength. The gene-gene interaction network for the <i>LEPR</i> gene highlights its strong associations with several key regulatory genes: <i>LEP</i>, <i>PTPN11</i>, <i>STAT3</i>, <i>POMC</i>, <i>JAK2</i>, <i>IL6</i>, and <i>SOCS3</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found a significant correlation between <i>LEPR</i> gene polymorphisms and the risk of T2DM, highlighting the prominent role of genetic factors in developing such a metabolic disorder. By elucidating the association between <i>LEPR</i> variations and susceptibility to T2DM, our findings enhance the understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in endocrine dysregulation and highlight the importance of including genetic profiling in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":15635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"24 1","pages":"113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12049348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143968667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}