Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders最新文献

{"title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the cardiovascular effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists in type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Laibah Arshad Khan, Khudija Sadia, Rahma Naveed, Rehan Khalid, Rabail Faisal, Abdur Rafay Bilal, Ayeza Nawaz, Abdullah Safdar, Talha Saleh Bin Siddique, Saleh Saeed Ahmad, Muhammad Ubaid Hussain, Muhammad Talha Asghar, Wajdan Ahmad","doi":"10.1007/s40200-025-01741-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40200-025-01741-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists have been shown to improve cardiovascular health. This meta-analysis aims to directly compare their cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients (T2DM).</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>We searched Medline, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science from inception to August 2025 for observational studies that compared SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists in type 2 diabetes patients and baseline cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The primary outcomes were Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) and heart failure (HF), while the secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke. The pooled hazard ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) was employed through a random-effects model, and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nineteen studies comprising 1,893,359 patients (1,182,641; SGLT2 inhibitors,710,718; GLP-1 agonists). Compared to GLP-1 agonist, SGLT2 inhibitor use was associated with a significant 18% reduced risk of heart failure in T2DM patients, while a non significantly reduced risk of MACE, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke. In T2DM patients with pre-existing CVD, SGLT2 inhibitors showed a significant 14% reduced risk of heart failure, 10% reduced risk of myocardial infarction, and 7% borderline reduced risk of all-cause mortality compared to GLP-1 agonists. In T2DM patients without pre-existing CVD, SGLT2 inhibitors demonstrated a significant 17% reduced risk of heart failure, with a non-significant reduction in MACE, all-cause mortality, and myocardial infarction compared to GLP-1 agonists, and a non-significantly increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and stroke.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Use of SGLT2 inhibitors was associated with a lower risk of HF in T2DM, along with a lower risk of HF, MI, and all-cause mortality with pre-existing CVD compared to GLP-1 agonists. However, high heterogeneity and a lack of RCTs warrant cautious clinical implications.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-025-01741-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":15635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"24 2","pages":"221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12515190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145286394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular interactions of diabetes medications with alzheimer's related targets by molecular docking.","authors":"Atiyeh Kolouei, Mohammad Barati","doi":"10.1007/s40200-025-01747-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40200-025-01747-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes, a prevalent chronic disease known for its complications such as cardiovascular issues, eye damage, and neuropathy, has increasingly been linked to an elevated risk of Alzheimer's disease and cognitive impairment. Individuals with diabetes are approximately twice as likely to experience cognitive dysfunction compared to the general population. This heightened risk is potentially mediated by factors such as hypoglycemic episodes, which can negatively impact brain function, particularly the hippocampus, a key region for memory. Furthermore, shared molecular and cellular characteristics between diabetes and Alzheimer's, such as the role of insulin in amyloid plaque formation, suggest a direct link between insulin resistance in the brain and the development of Alzheimer's-related pathology. This study investigates the potential of two commonly prescribed diabetes medications, <i>Ertugliflozin</i> and <i>Sitagliptin</i>, to impact Alzheimer's disease-related factors. <i>Ertugliflozin</i>, an SGLT2 inhibitor, lowers blood glucose by increasing glucose excretion via the kidneys, while <i>Sitagliptin</i>, a DPP-4 inhibitor, enhances insulin secretion and reduces glucagon secretion by preventing the breakdown of incretin hormones. Molecular docking was performed to assess the interaction of these drugs with five key targets implicated in Alzheimer's disease: amyloid-β, β-secretase (BACE1), γ-secretase, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The aim was to determine whether <i>Ertugliflozin</i> and <i>Sitagliptin</i> exhibit inhibitory effects on these Alzheimer's-related targets, suggesting a potential dual role beyond their established glucose-regulating mechanisms in diabetes. In this study, <i>Metformin</i> was utilized as the positive control ligand. Docking analysis revealed that <i>Ertugliflozin</i> and <i>Sitagliptin</i> exhibited the highest molecular affinity for γ-secretase (PDB code: 6iyc), followed by favorable interactions with β-secretase (PDB code: 1fkn) and amyloid-β (PDB code: 1iyt). Notably, <i>Ertugliflozin</i> showed notable interactions with acetylcholinesterase (PDB code: 1eve), whereas <i>Sitagliptin</i> showed no significant interaction with acetylcholinesterase. These findings suggest that <i>Ertugliflozin</i> and <i>Sitagliptin</i>, commonly used for diabetes management, may also influence factors implicated in Alzheimer's disease. By potentially inhibiting these factors, the drugs could exhibit a dual action, benefiting both diabetes and Alzheimer's. Further in vivo and clinical studies are needed to confirm these observations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"24 2","pages":"220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12515152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145286408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility and preliminary effects of high-intensity interval training vs. moderate-intensity continuous training on inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers in type 2 diabetes: a pilot randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Sahar Alizadeh, Mohsen Avandi, Brandon G Fico, Nahid Mahdieh, Mehdi Hedayati, Camelia Rambod, Hooman Bakhshandeh","doi":"10.1007/s40200-025-01713-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40200-025-01713-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Elevated plasma calprotectin, an inflammatory biomarker, is linked to higher cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes (T2DM), suggesting lifestyle interventions like exercise may help regulate it. This pilot study evaluated the feasibility of future full-scale trial for comparing the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) vs. moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on calprotectin in T2DM patients without cardiovascular disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This open-label, randomized controlled pilot trial was conducted from December 2018 to March 2019 at the Rajaie Cardiovascular Institute, Tehran, Iran. Participants over 18 years of age with T2DM, an HbA1c between 6.5% and 10%, a BMI between 24 and 35 kg/m², and stable medication use for at least four weeks before enrollment, were randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to HIIT or MICT group for eight weeks. Primary endpoints included recruitment and retention rates, whereas changes in biomarkers after training were secondary endpoints.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 58 T2DM patients assessed for eligibility, 18 were recruited (9 females, 9 males; mean age: 52 ± 6.0 years; mean BMI: 28.7 ± 3.8 kg/m²), resulting in a recruitment rate of 32%. All participants completed the study, and no adverse events occurred. The calprotectin level decreased in the HIIT group but increased in the MICT group [mean difference (CI95%): 73.4(-337.1, 483.9) vs. -15.4(-553.9, 523.2)].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrated efficient participant recruitment, complete retention, and safety, indicating that a full-scale trial is feasible. The reduction in calprotectin levels in the HIIT group supports further investigation in the full-scale trial.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong><i>Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT),</i> IRCT20181129041797N1, Registered 25 Dec 2018, https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/35598.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-025-01713-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":15635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"24 2","pages":"219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12514114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145280381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amino acid metabolic signatures of dynapenic obesity in older adults: a (principal component analysis) PCA-based sex-stratified analysis in the Bushehr elderly health program.","authors":"Maryam Kheirandish, Neda Cheraghloo, Nafiseh Tavasoli, Farideh Razi, Farima Farsi, Atefeh Amrollahi Bioky, Hamid Reza Aghaei Meybodi, Kazem Khalagi, Ramin Heshmat, Niloufar Najjar, Maryam Amini Shirkouhi, Iraj Nabipour, Gita Shafiee, Bagher Larijani","doi":"10.1007/s40200-025-01746-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40200-025-01746-x","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Dynapenic obesity (DO), the co-occurrence of muscle strength loss and obesity in aging adults, exacerbates metabolic dysfunction and disability risks. While amino acid (AA) dysregulation is implicated in both conditions, their combined metabolic signature remains unexplored. We aimed to identify sex-specific amino acid metabolic patterns associated with DO in Iranian older people.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In this cross-sectional study of 1,928 adults (aged 50 years or older) from the Bushehr Elderly Health Program, serum AA profiles were quantified using UPLC-MS/MS. Principal component analysis (PCA) derived four factors from 20 AAs.Dynapenia thresholds were handgrip strength &lt; 26 kg (men) and &lt; 18 kg (women). Abdominal obesity was defined as a waist circumference ≥ 102 cm (men) or ≥ 88 cm (women). Multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations between these factors and dynapenia/obesity phenotypes, stratified by sex and adjusted for confounders.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The study included 1928 people (57.2% women; mean age 61.6 ± 7.7 years) after excluding subjects with missing values. Four distinct amino acid factors reflecting major metabolic pathways: insulin resistance with branched-chain and aromatic amino acids (Factor 1), nitrogen and methyl group metabolism (Factor 2), anabolic capacity and protein turnover (Factor 3), and urea cycle function and detoxification (Factor 4). In women, Factor 1(Leucine, Valine, Tyrosine, Alanine, Methionine, Tryptophan, and Proline) was positively linked to nondynapenic obesity [RR = 1.55 (1.15-2.08)] and DO [RR = 1.35(0.99-1.84, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.059)], while Factor 4 (Citrulline, Ornithine, and Threonine) showed a protective effect against obesity [RR = 0.75(0.58-0.98)] in full models. In men, Factor 1 was associated with a higher risk of nondynapenic obesity [RR = 1.27(1.08-1.50)], and Factor 2 (Aspartic acid, Glutamic acid, Phenylalanine, Serine, Glycine, and Arginine) increased risk of dynapenia/non-obesity (RR = 1.34) and nondynapenic obesity (RR = 1.24). Factor 3 (Glutamine, Lysine, Asparagine, and Histidine) showed protective effects against obesity in men, emphasizing its anabolic capacity; however, after full adjustment, its significance disappeared.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;This study found distinct amino acid signatures associated with dynapenia and obesity in older adults. Factor 1 highlighted the role of insulin resistance-related amino acids in obesity across both genders, while Factor 2 emphasized nitrogen metabolism and its association with muscle loss and adiposity primarily in men. Factor 3's anabolic profile suggested a complex but modest link to obesity and muscle health, and factor 4 underscored the protective effects of efficient nitrogen detoxification against obesity in women. These results reveal sex-specific metabolic pathways involved in dynapenic obesity, offering potential targets for personalized treatm","PeriodicalId":15635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"24 2","pages":"218"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12514097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145280344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding barriers to type 2 diabetes self-management in excessive weight adults: A qualitative study of patient experiences.","authors":"Sirwan Khalid Ahmed, Handren Wahid Murad, Kochr Ali Mahmood, Araz Qadir Abdalla, Moustaq Karim Khan Rony, Ramya Kundayi Ravi, Lava Abdullah","doi":"10.1007/s40200-025-01734-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40200-025-01734-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes management among excessive weight individuals remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income regions such as Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Understanding the barriers from the patients' perspective is essential to designing effective, culturally sensitive interventions.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To explore perceived barriers to type 2 diabetes self-management among excessive weight adults in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative descriptive study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with 20 excessive weight patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Participants were purposively recruited from hospitals and primary care centers in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Data were analyzed following Ahmed et al.'s (2025) six-phase thematic analysis process.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, five major themes and nine subthemes were identified, reflecting the multifaceted barriers to diabetes management among excessive weight individuals. Emotional and psychological struggles included persistent depression, anxiety, and diminished motivation often rooted in self-blame. Knowledge gaps and health literacy encompassed confusion due to conflicting dietary advice and a lack of structured education on diabetes management. Structural and environmental constraints involved the unaffordability of healthy food and absence of safe spaces for exercise. Distrust and disconnect in healthcare relationships emerged through perceived judgment by healthcare providers and subsequent avoidance of appointments. Finally, internalized weight stigma was a cross-cutting theme, with participants expressing shame and self-stigmatization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Diabetes self-management among excessive weight patients in Kurdistan is hindered by a web of psychosocial, educational, systemic, and relational factors. Addressing these challenges requires multi-level, culturally tailored, patient-centered interventions that enhance education, reduce stigma, and foster trust between patients and providers.</p>","PeriodicalId":15635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"24 2","pages":"217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12514076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145280361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of postpartum weight retentions at 4 weeks with large-for-gestational-age infants in the second pregnancy: the Japan environment and children's study.","authors":"Satoshi Shinohara, Reiji Kojima, Sanae Otawa, Megumi Kushima, Kunio Miyake, Hideki Yui, Tadao Ooka, Hiroshi Yokomichi, Zentaro Yamagata, Ryoji Shinohara","doi":"10.1007/s40200-025-01749-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40200-025-01749-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We aimed to assess the association between postpartum weight retention (PPWR) in the 4th-week post-delivery and the risk of large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants in the second pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This nationwide prospective birth cohort analysis included 3137 women who delivered their first two live singletons between 2011 and 2014. The PPWR was defined as the body mass index (BMI) after 4 weeks of the first birth minus the pre-pregnancy BMI of the first pregnancy. LGA infants were compared among four PPWR groups: less than - 1 (a BMI loss of > 1 unit), - 1 to < 1 (the reference: stable PPWR group), 1 to < 3 (a BMI gain of 1-3 unit) and ≥ 3 (a BMI gain of > 3 unit). PPWR was assessed not only in all women but also in women with a BMI < 25 and ≥ 25 kg/m², and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for LGA infants by multiple logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of LGA infants was 8.8% (277 out of 3137). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, no association was observed between the risk of an LGA infant in the second pregnancy and the PPWR in all eligible women. Similarly, no association was observed between LGA risk in the second pregnancy and thePPWR in the pre-pregnancy BMI < 25 kg/m² (normal) and ≥ 25 kg/m² (overweight/obese) groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PPWR measured in the 4th-week post-delivery was not associated with an increased risk of LGA infants in the second pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-025-01749-8.</p>","PeriodicalId":15635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"24 2","pages":"215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12511494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145280356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in ensuring long-term care for individuals living with diabetes: a qualitative study.","authors":"Raziyeh Iloonkashkooli, Giti Setoodeh, Mitra Soltanian, Marzieh Momennasab, Mansour Ansari, Zahra Hadian Shirazi","doi":"10.1007/s40200-025-01724-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40200-025-01724-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Exploring Challenges in Providing Lifelong Care for People with diabetes to Design Comprehensive Long-term Care Programs at Shahid Dr. Beheshti Clinic, Shiraz, Iran.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Conduct interviews with a diverse group of 18 individuals, including patients, their families, and the hospital care team, utilizing a purposeful sampling approach, followed by qualitative content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three overarching themes emerged: 1) Erratic Adherence to Self-Care, 2) Ineffective Family Support Throughout the Diabetic Journey and 3) Deficiencies in Supportive Organizations. These challenges were further categorized into six distinct areas: 1)Dysfunctional Attitudes, 2)Lack of Awareness and Skills, 3)Mental Health Deviations, 4)Neglect in Family Education that predominantly shaped by the experiential reflections of those directly engaged in providing care services, 5)Psychosocial Challenges in Family Caregiving, 6)Issues in Sustaining Human Resources and Infrastructure were primarily extracted from the narratives and viewpoints shared by patients, their family members and clinic administrators. Based on the prevailing conditions, solutions were proposed within the framework of a long-term diabetes care program to effectively address these challenges.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of the present study highlight significant challenges faced by people with diabetes, their families, and care-providing organizations in delivering long-term care. Consequently, all three groups require structured support to effectively fulfill their caregiving responsibilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":15635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"24 2","pages":"216"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12511499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145280387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-HDL-C and non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio as predictors of hepatic steatosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Shirin Esmaeili, Arman Shafiee, Asal Ataie-Jafari, Kiavash Semnani, Saba Goodarzi, Armita Mahdavi-Gorabi, Mostafa Qorbani","doi":"10.1007/s40200-025-01719-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40200-025-01719-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The association between novel atherogenic indices (NAIs) and the pathophysiology of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has been extensively researched. Among these, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) and non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio are novel indices linked to a higher risk for metabolic syndrome - and possibly MASLD. The current review evaluates the possible utility of these NAIs as markers for MASLD.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched. Screening and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers. All observational studies reporting standardized mean differences (SMD), odds ratios (ORs) and components of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were included in evidence synthesis. Meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>34 studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. Non-HDL-C (SMD = 1.11, 95% CI 0.49-1.73) and non-HDL-C/HDL-C (SMD = 0.77, 95% 0.55-0.98) were significantly higher in MASLD patients. Similarly both indices were associated with increased odds for development or diagnosis of MASLD (non-HDL-C OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.19-1.48; non-HDL-C/HDL-C OR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.30-2.04). Non-HDL-C (AUC = 0.68, 95% CI 0.65-0.72) and non-HDL-C/HDL-C demonstrated \"good\" utility (AUC = 0.74, 95% CI 0.70-0.77) as a diagnostic marker for MASLD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings showed a significant association between these NAIs and MASLD. Both non-HDL-C and non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio also showed an acceptable performance as biomarkers for MASLD. The use of these NAIs as part of a complex model for prediction of MASLD may prove even more beneficial in the clinical setting.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-025-01719-0.</p>","PeriodicalId":15635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"24 2","pages":"214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12500508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trend and socioeconomic inequalities in childhood underweight in Iran from 2000 to 2030.","authors":"Mojgan Pezeshki, Mostafa Qorbani, Ali Sheidaei, Ramin Heshmat, Fereshte Bayegiani, Armita Mahdavi-Gorabi, Motahar Heidari-Beni, Sadegh Mazaheri-Tehrani, Roya Kelishadi","doi":"10.1007/s40200-025-01742-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40200-025-01742-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Global trends generally show declining thinness alongside rising obesity; however, some countries face a dual burden of malnutrition, with both underweight and overweight/obesity coexisting. Iran represents one such setting, yet evidence on the prevalence of underweight in school-aged children remains scarce, with inconclusive findings regarding socioeconomic inequalities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were obtained from four waves of the national CASPIAN surveys (2003-2016), including 76,949 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years. Underweight was defined as a body mass index (BMI) below the 5th percentile for age and sex. Socioeconomic status (SES) was derived through principal component analysis of parental education, occupation, and household assets. Determinants and SES-related inequalities were examined using multivariable logistic regression and Oaxaca decomposition analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of underweight rose from 9.3% (95% CI: 9.1% - 9.7%) in 2003-2004 to 16.0% (95%CI: 15.5% - 16.7%) in 2015-2016, with projections estimating 24.2% (95% CI: 22.3% - 26.3%) by 2030. Initially, underweight was more common in high-SES groups, but later waves revealed a reversal, with underweight becoming more common among low-SES groups. Rural residence, larger family size, and family history of underweight were significant risk factors, while older age and female sex were protective. Oaxaca analysis indicated that SES disparities were partly explained by demographic characteristics, including urban residence and family size.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The rising prevalence of underweight among Iranian youth, particularly in low-SES and rural populations, highlights a distinct manifestation of the double burden of malnutrition. Urgent, multifaceted interventions are needed to address both undernutrition and overnutrition, with attention to sex-specific and context-sensitive strategies to reduce these inequalities.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-025-01742-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":15635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"24 2","pages":"212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunohistochemical analysis reveals increased active GSK3 and inactive PP2A levels in anaplastic thyroid cancer.","authors":"Fereshteh Bahari, Majid Mossahebi-Mohammadi, Hilda Samimi, Farshad Sharifi, Hassan Rakhsh-Khorshid, Mahmood Naderi, Seyed Mohammad Tavangar, Habibollah Mahmoodzadeh, Fatemeh Nili, Vahid Haghpanah","doi":"10.1007/s40200-025-01739-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40200-025-01739-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a lethal subtype of thyroid cancer with a poor prognosis. Due to the lack of promising treatment opportunities for ATC, gaining a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis seems crucial. Here, we focused on two major players in the Wnt signaling pathway.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The expression of PP2A and GSK3α/β proteins was studied in 12 ATC and 15 goiter formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples using immunohistochemistry. The intensity of nuclear staining in tumor cells, as well as the total scores of protein expression, were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The expression of inactive PP2A and active GSK3α/β proteins was negative in all control (goiter) samples. Both proteins were expressed in all ATC samples at different levels. Notably, eight samples represented strong expression (percentage = 100; total score = 300) of both proteins. The average total score staining was 210.3 for the phosphorylated and active form of GSK3α/β (Y279/216) and 274.5 for phosphorylated PP2A at Y307 and its inactive form. For features such as age, gender, greatest diameter of tumors, as well as PP2A and GSK3α/β total staining scores, no significant differences were observed between metastatic and nonmetastatic cases. Similarly, no association was demonstrated between metastasis with demographic and tumor characteristics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current study investigated the expression of PP2A and GSK3α/β, two key proteins in the Wnt signaling pathway, in ATC tissue samples. Although this study highlights the importance of PP2A and GSK3α/β in ATC, a clear understanding of PP2A and GSK3α/β dysregulation and function in ATC remains to be elucidated.</p>","PeriodicalId":15635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"24 2","pages":"213"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145185943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}