Prevalence of macro-vascular complications among type 2 diabetic adults aged 50 and over: results from Ardakan cohort study on aging (ACSA).

Abstract

Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common condition that can lead to adverse macrovascular complications. This study aims to determine the prevalence of macrovascular complications in adults aged ≥ 50 with T2DM in Ardakan city, using data from the Ardakan Cohort Study on Aging (ACSA).

Methods: A cross-sectional investigation involved 5933 participants from the ACSA; of those assessed, 2340 had T2DM. Macrovascular complications, specifically coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and peripheral artery disease(PAD) were identified through medical records and physician assessment. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for these complications.

Results: The prevalence of CAD and CVD were 16.9% (95% CI:16.0-19.0) and 4% (95% CI:3.3-5.0), respectively. risk factors for CAD included age over 60 (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.08-2.01, p = 0.01), male gender (OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.33-2.62, p < 0.001), former smoking (OR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.30-2.95, p = 0.001), hypertension (OR = 3.16, 95% CI: 2.23-4.46, p < 0.001), and over ten years of diabetes duration(OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.39-2.99, p < 0.001) and For CVD, significant risk factors included male gender (OR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.52-4.51, p = 0.001) and hypertension (OR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.27-4.39, p = 0.006).

Conclusion: This study highlights the high prevalence of macrovascular complications in adults over 50 with T2DM in Ardakan. It emphasizes the importance of managing key risk factors such as hypertension and quitting smoking, especially in older adults and males.