Journal of EconometricsPub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2025-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.105955
Joshua C.C. Chan, Yaling Qi
{"title":"Large Bayesian matrix autoregressions","authors":"Joshua C.C. Chan, Yaling Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.105955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.105955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-dimensional matrix-valued time-series are increasingly common in economics and finance<span>. Prominent examples include large cross-region panels and dynamic economic networks. As the dimensions of the matrix grow, conventional approaches based on vector autoregressions—implemented by vectoring the matrix-valued data—become computationally infeasible. We introduce a class of large Bayesian matrix autoregressions<span> (BMARs) that can accommodate time-varying volatility, non-Gaussian errors and COVID-19 outliers. To tackle parameter proliferation, we propose Minnesota-type shrinkage priors on the MAR coefficients. We develop a unified approach for estimating this class of models, which scales well to high dimensions. The empirical relevance of these new BMARs is illustrated using a US state-level dataset that contains 6 macroeconomic times-series for each of the 50 states, with a total of 300 times-series.</span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":15629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Econometrics","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 105955"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148523823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal of EconometricsPub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2026-05-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2026.106256
Anastasios E. Tasiopoulos, Efthymios G. Tsionas, Nikolaos D. Vlastakis
{"title":"Bayesian model averaging with non-conjugate priors","authors":"Anastasios E. Tasiopoulos, Efthymios G. Tsionas, Nikolaos D. Vlastakis","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2026.106256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2026.106256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper considers the case of non-conjugate prior distributions for Bayesian model averaging (BMA). Although the natural conjugate setting is the default choice for BMA, mainly for reasons of analytical tractability, it has come under considerable criticism due to its unrealistic assumptions about prior information, among others. In this study, we extend the literature by considering two special cases of the multivariate Student-<em>t</em> distribution. We obtain closed-form solutions using Laplace approximations and apply our techniques to a controlled numerical experiment and cross-country growth regressions. Our results show that, under fine tuning of the hyperparameters, the proposed approach has similar performance to the conjugate alternatives on synthetic datasets, whereas in real data it favors, on average, more parsimonious models than the conjugate alternatives and also exhibits superior predictive performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Econometrics","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 106256"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148523828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal of EconometricsPub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2025-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106146
Mike Tsionas, Aya Ghalayini, Marwan Izzeldin, Lorenzo Trapani
{"title":"A dynamic state-space HAR model","authors":"Mike Tsionas, Aya Ghalayini, Marwan Izzeldin, Lorenzo Trapani","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Heterogeneous AutoRegressive model for the logs of Realised Volatility (HARL) has established itself as the benchmark specification for modelling and forecasting return volatility, owing to its parsimony and ability to capture the strong persistence typically observed in RV. To address potential concerns such as measurement errors, nonlinearities, and non-spherical residuals, numerous variants of the baseline HARL model have been developed in the literature. This paper contributes to this body of work by proposing a new class of dynamic state-space models with time-varying parameters. The parameter dynamics are assumed to follow an autoregressive process, with or without stochastic volatility, giving rise to two specifications: SHARP and SHARP-SV. Both models are designed to capture the evolving nature of return volatility and are estimated via Bayesian inference using Particle Gibbs sampling. Empirical applications to high-frequency data on SPY, sector ETFs, representative NYSE stocks, and the VIX index demonstrate that our proposed models on average outperform alternative HARL-based specifications in forecasting volatility, particularly at medium- and long-term horizons. An extensive Monte Carlo analysis further illustrates the advantages of our approach in terms of both estimation accuracy and predictive performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Econometrics","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 106146"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148523832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal of EconometricsPub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2026-06-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2026.106272
Ming Li
{"title":"Identification and estimation in a time-varying endogenous random coefficient panel data model","authors":"Ming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2026.106272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2026.106272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a correlated random coefficient linear panel data model, where regressors can be correlated with time-varying and individual-specific random coefficients through both a fixed effect and a time-varying random shock. I develop a new panel data-based method to identify the average partial effect and the local average response function. The identification strategy employs a sufficient statistic to control for the fixed effect and a control variable for the random shock. Conditional on these two controls, the residual variation in the regressors is driven solely by the exogenous instrumental variables, and thus can be exploited to identify the parameters of interest. The constructive identification analysis leads to three-step series estimators, for which I establish rates of convergence and asymptotic normality. To illustrate the method, I estimate a heterogeneous Cobb-Douglas production function for manufacturing firms in China, finding substantial variations in output elasticities across firms that can be related to various firm characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Econometrics","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 106272"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148539713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal of EconometricsPub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2025-08-28DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106085
Qiaoyu Wang, Ximing Wu, Taining Wang, Subal C. Kumbhakar, Sui Luo
{"title":"A semiparametric Bayesian estimator of copula density","authors":"Qiaoyu Wang, Ximing Wu, Taining Wang, Subal C. Kumbhakar, Sui Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a semiparametric Bayesian estimator for copula density, formulated as a generalized exponential family that combines a parametric baseline copula with a flexible adjustment modeled by a Gaussian Process (GP). The baseline captures the main features of dependence and accommodates possibly unbounded densities, while the GP component introduces nonparametric refinement. To modulate the influence of the baseline, we further introduce a tuning parameter that adjusts its weight in the final estimate. Both the GP hyperparameters and this tuning parameter are inferred jointly within a Bayesian framework. We also present a posterior sampler based on importance sampling, with the baseline copula serving as a natural approximating distribution. Simulations demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed estimator and the efficiency of the sampler. The method is further illustrated with an application to commodity futures markets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Econometrics","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 106085"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148523732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal of EconometricsPub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2026.106190
Ivan Jeliazkov, Angela Vossmeyer
{"title":"Likelihood specification in simultaneous equation models for discrete data","authors":"Ivan Jeliazkov, Angela Vossmeyer","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2026.106190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2026.106190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this article, we examine the foundations of a rich and diverse literature in economics and derive the likelihood function of simultaneous equation models for discrete data as the invariant distribution of a suitably specified Markov process. This formulation offers a well-defined reduced form of the model and dispenses with the need for controversial recursivity requirements and <em>ad hoc</em> indeterminacy rules. The derivation resolves puzzling paradoxes highlighted in earlier work and shows that the likelihood is unique, proper, coherent, complete, and theoretically grounded in conditional distribution modeling – a framework that has yet to be popularized in economics. We note possible extensions and relevant links with other models, comment on computational issues, and implement the methodology in three empirical applications involving female labor force participation, the interactions between health and wealth, and the interplay between banks’ lending practices and their reliance on assistance from the lender of last resort during the Great Depression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Econometrics","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 106190"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148523735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal of EconometricsPub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2026-05-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2026.106239
Malte Londschien, Peter Bühlmann
{"title":"Weak-instrument-robust subvector inference in instrumental variables regression: A subvector Lagrange multiplier test and properties of subvector Anderson-Rubin confidence sets","authors":"Malte Londschien, Peter Bühlmann","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2026.106239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2026.106239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a weak-instrument-robust subvector Lagrange multiplier test for instrumental variables regression. We show that it is asymptotically size-correct under a technical condition or as the number of instruments grows to infinity. This is the first weak-instrument-robust subvector test for instrumental variables regression to recover the degrees of freedom of the commonly used non-weak-instrument-robust Wald test. Additionally, we provide a closed-form solution for subvector confidence sets obtained by inverting the subvector Anderson-Rubin test. We show that they are centered around a k-class estimator. We show that the subvector confidence sets for single coefficients of the causal parameter are jointly bounded if and only if Anderson’s likelihood-ratio test rejects the null hypothesis that the first-stage regression parameter is of reduced rank, that is, that the causal parameter is not identified. Finally, we show that if a confidence set obtained by inverting the Anderson-Rubin test is bounded and nonempty, it is equal to a Wald-based confidence set with a data-dependent confidence level. We explicitly compute this Wald-based confidence set and its confidence level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Econometrics","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 106239"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148539711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal of EconometricsPub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2026-04-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2026.106230
Sulkhan Chavleishvili, Robert F. Engle, Stephan Fahr, Manfred Kremer, Frederik Lund-Thomsen, Simone Manganelli, Bernd Schwaab
{"title":"Macro-prudential policy under asymmetric risks: A Bayesian structural quantile VAR approach","authors":"Sulkhan Chavleishvili, Robert F. Engle, Stephan Fahr, Manfred Kremer, Frederik Lund-Thomsen, Simone Manganelli, Bernd Schwaab","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2026.106230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2026.106230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Macro-prudential policymakers face a risk-management problem: they must assess medium-term downside risks to the real economy stemming from financial imbalances and the associated threat of future financial crises, while accounting for the cost of policy interventions in terms of foregone upside potential. This trade-off between limiting downside risks and preserving upside growth is inherently asymmetric and depends on the distribution of future macroeconomic outcomes. We formalize this decision problem by defining novel measures of downside risk and upside potential and by stipulating an explicit loss function for macro-prudential policy. To evaluate policy in this setting, we develop and apply a novel Bayesian structural quantile vector autoregressive model that delivers flexible and potentially asymmetric predictive distributions. Using quantile impulse responses, we assess the scope for macro-prudential policy to reduce growth volatility and negative skewness, infer the macro-prudential policy stance, and characterize the circumstances under which macro-prudential interventions are likely to be beneficial.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Econometrics","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 106230"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148523821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal of EconometricsPub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2025-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106067
Siddhartha Chib, Simon C. Smith
{"title":"Structural breaks, model uncertainty and factor selection","authors":"Siddhartha Chib, Simon C. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper addresses the non-standard problem of detecting multiple structural breaks when the data-generating model in each regime is uncertain, with an application to factor selection in empirical asset pricing. Detection is based on the marginal likelihood of break points, obtained by a novel integration over all possible pairings of models across regimes, from all possible models within regimes. The optimal break points maximize this marginal likelihood. Applying this method to the six Fama–French factors on monthly data from 1963–2023, the analysis identifies three breaks – 1982, 1998, and 2009 – and a shift toward more parsimonious models after 1998. Before 1998, five or six factors are selected, but two afterward. Thus, with breaks, there is a move to parsimony, which has implications for the factor zoo literature. Moreover, within each regime, all omitted factors are spanned by the ones selected. Incorporating breaks also leads to substantially different weight allocations in the maximum Sharpe ratio risk factor portfolio.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Econometrics","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 106067"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148523736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bayesian evaluation of mutual fund performance with non-random missing data: Application to the Chinese market","authors":"Tianyi Liu, Qianchao Wang, Yanping Yi, Yonghui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper studies mutual fund performance evaluation, where non-random missing data is an important issue. Ignoring sample selection issues can lead to biased parameter estimates and invalid performance evaluation. Therefore, we propose a novel Beta selection model to characterize this non-random missingness mechanism. We can significantly reduce the bias in alpha estimates, by introducing our Beta selection mechanism into the Noise-Reduced Alpha (NRA) model of Harvey and Liu (2018). A computationally attractive Bayesian estimation procedure is also provided. Simulation results show that our proposed method achieves superior finite-sample performance compared to classical fund-by-fund ordinary least squares (OLS) and the baseline NRA model. Finally, we apply our method to Chinese mutual fund data, and find that: (<em>i</em>) our out-of-sample alpha forecasts exhibit greater predictive accuracy across all tested missingness rates; (<em>ii</em>) approximately 18% of funds exhibit statistically significant positive alphas, suggesting market-beating skill; and (<em>iii</em>) portfolios constructed using our method deliver significantly higher returns than those using alternative approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Econometrics","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 106098"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148523833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}