Japanese Journal of Smooth Muscle Research最新文献

{"title":"THE AUTOMATISM OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT ESPECIALLY IN THE EARLY FETAL STAGE AND IN THE SO-CALLED “GANGLION-FREE” CAT'S INTESTINE","authors":"S. Takita","doi":"10.1540/JSMR1965.3.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1540/JSMR1965.3.81","url":null,"abstract":"In the digestive tract of the human embryo, it was confirmed previously that circular muscle first became demonstrable under light microscope which was then followed by the development of longitudinal muscle with intramural plexus between 6th and 9th week of the fetal life. The present work deals with the electron microscopic findings of the digestive tract in 10 human embryos. There was evidence to show that nerve cells, presumably those of the Auerbach's plexus and their axon structure, were demonstrated in embryos of 12mm in length (6th fetal week) in the absence of discernible muscular structure. This finding is of considerable interest in the functional anatomy of the Auerbach's plexus. It was shown in microscopic cinematography that peristalsis of the fetal digestive tract initiated with the development of circular muscle. Conduction of peristalsis, however, was not directional. A divergent propagation of two peristaltic rings from a single contraction ring was demonstrated in the small intestine. One of the characteristic findings of the fetal alimentary tract was that contraction could occur anywhere along the digestive tract and peristalsis might pass in either direction. At this time of embryological development, nerve elements, particularly intramural nerves, were present in the intestinal wall of the fetus. Action potentials recorded from a cat's “nerve-free” ring muscle tube showed that contractions could propagate in either isoor anti-peristaltic direction. The mode of contraction was considered to be quite similar to that of the fetal digestive tract. Practically identical result was obtained with a “nerve-free” ring muscle tube treated with tetrodotoxin. With preparations of circular and longitudinal muscle layers devoid of mucosa and submucosal structure, iso-peristaltic conduction was more dominant. Anti-peristalsis was found to disappear approximately after the 30th week of the fetal life. It is reasonable, therefore, to suppose that the Auerbach's plexus demonstrated in an early fetal stage was not actively participating in the regulation of the peristaltic direction.","PeriodicalId":156233,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Smooth Muscle Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128620308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AN EXPERIMENTAL DEVELOPMENT OF ESOPHAGEAL ACHALASIA ON DOGS BY THE ADMINISTRATION OF PHTHALIMIDOMETHYLO, O-DIMETHYLPHOSPHORODITHIOATE","authors":"Hiroshi Satō, K. Hirota, T. Hirashima, Y. Nakabayashi, A. Nishimura, K. Isono, A. Shiota, I. Beniya, T. Shimotori, M. Sasaki, T. Hara, O. Ohyama, H. Miyoshi","doi":"10.1540/JSMR1965.3.135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1540/JSMR1965.3.135","url":null,"abstract":"Esophageal achalasia-like phenomena have been produced experimentally on 18 dogs after the administration of the anticholinesterase agent, phthalim-idomethyl O, O-dimethylphosphorodithioate (PMP). The agent was administered intramuscularly three times a week for 40 weeks. The dose to each group was varied from 0.5, 10, 20, 25, and as much as 50mg per kg of body weight. In the group with the dose of 20mg per kg of body weight, the symptom of vomiting or dysphagia appeared most markedly. Some dogs showed diarrhea, bloody stool and hoarseness. Upon x-ray examination, dogs showed the failure of passage at the esophago-cardiac junction and the dilatation of the lower esophagus. Intraluminal pressure recording showed the abnormal simultaneous rises of the swallowing pressure wave. Histological examination around the Auerbach's plexus showed pycnotic nuclei, swelling of ganglion cells, fibrosis and round cell infiltration. The MAO stain showed no changes. The acethylcholine-esterase stain suggested the suppression of the enzyme activity.","PeriodicalId":156233,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Smooth Muscle Research","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115258955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STUDIES ON THE CONSTITUTION OF MUSCLE LAYERS OF HUMAN STOMACH","authors":"Kan Yoshida","doi":"10.1540/JSMR1965.1.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1540/JSMR1965.1.80","url":null,"abstract":"The muscle layers of human stomach in 51 cases of stomach specimens were studied after stripping the mucosa. Specimens included 5 cases of totally resected and 46 of partially resected specimens. All specimens have no gross pathological finding on the gastric portion.1. Oblique muscle: The oblique muscle was divided into two groups. The first group originates from circular muscle of the esophagus and distributes over the gastric corpus. And the second group distributes over only the fundus and is independent to circular muscle of esophagus.The oblique muscle of gastric corpus runs down on anterior and posterior gastric walls and pararell to the lesser curvature, forming a cleft between anterior and posterior bundle, to the end of the gastric corpus.The cleft seems to be corresponded to so-called “Magen-strasse”.2. Border between corpus and antrum: The first group, the muscle bundle which runs most closely to the lesser curvature and down to the most distance become mixed into the circular muscle bundle there. Therefore, the author named this most inner oblique muscle “the longest oblique muscle.” In the pyrolic side from the circular muscle bundle, no oblique muscle can be seen. So, the author divided corpus and antrum by this circular muscle bundle, and named this circular muscle bundle “the border circular muscle bundle”.3. Circular muscle: The circular muscle was divided into two groups. The one was mixed with oblique muscle bundle on the part near greater curvature and distributes over gastric corpus. The other distributes over the antrum without mixture of oblique muscle. Circular muscle was absent over fundus.","PeriodicalId":156233,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Smooth Muscle Research","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114784241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EX PERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF ACHALASIA","authors":"T. Hara","doi":"10.1540/JSMR1965.5.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1540/JSMR1965.5.33","url":null,"abstract":"The pathognesis of achalasia has not yet been entirely clarified. The author undertook animal experiments in order to study the role of the central nervous system concerning the pathognesis. In 49 adult eats, destructive lesions were made bilaterally in the hypothalamus either with carbolic acid (Phenol) or with electrocoagulation. In those cats that had survived for more than 7 days, the esophageal movements were studied with X-ray, electromyogram and intraluminal pressure curve, and the extent of the hypothalamic lesions was identified histologically by serial sections. Seven eats were used as controls.The 10% phenol solution was injected into 8 animals among which 7 survived for more than 7 days. Serial sections performed in 2 cats did not disclose any destructive lesions in which cases any signs of diglutition or any X-ray abnormalities of the esophagus could not be observed.Electrocoagulation was used to make lesions in 34 cats among which 24 survived for more than 7 days. Serial sections revealed lesions involving the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus bilaterally in 3 cats which showed signs of diglutition and radiographie evidence of passage disturbance of the esophagus. In contrast, in those 17 cats in which the lesion failed to involve the ventromedial nucleus, no signs of diglutition or motion disturbance of the sophagus were observed.It is thus possible to produce achalasia in cats by bilateral electrocoagulation of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. This suggests the possible role of the central nervous system in the pathognesis of achalasia.","PeriodicalId":156233,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Smooth Muscle Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125723289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INFLUENCE OF EXTENSIVE RESECTION OF THE SMALL INTESTINE ON THE MOVEMENT OF THE LARGE BOWEL","authors":"K. Ono, N. Watanabe, Kozo Suzuki, H. Tsuchida, M. Abo, Y. Sugiyama, S. Nozaki, T. Sugisawa","doi":"10.1540/jsmr1965.3.114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1540/jsmr1965.3.114","url":null,"abstract":"An electromyographic study of the influence of extensive resection of the small intestine on the movement of the large bowels was carried out. Thirt mongrel dogs weighing 4 to 8 kg were used for experiments. After one-third resection of the upper, middle or lower small intestine, electrical activity of the ascending colon was markedly repressed, while that of the descending colon was not so influenced. The action potentials of the ascending colon almost disappeared after two-thirds resection of the upper, middle or lower small intestine, but the descending colon was not influenced by these procedures. From the results mentioned above, it is considered that the function of the remaining small intestine after extensive resection was partially compensated by the ascending colon.","PeriodicalId":156233,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Smooth Muscle Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133552805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF THE GUINEA-PIG SEMINAL VESICLE AND THE EFFECTS OF AUTONOMIC AGENTS IN SITU","authors":"H. Takeda, H. Nakanishi","doi":"10.1540/jsmr1965.1.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1540/jsmr1965.1.42","url":null,"abstract":"Studies were made of effects of hypogastric nerve stimulation on the electrical activity of guinea-pig seminal vesicle with extracellular silver microelectrodes in situ. Furthermore, the effects of several autonomic agents were also investigated. Junction potentials with facilitation were observed during repetitive stimulation of the hypogastric nerve, which were affected by intravenous administration of reserpine, bretylium tosylate, guanethidine, hexamethonium and pentolinium. On the other hand, atropine and α-blocking agents had no detectable effects. Intravenous administration of noradrenaline leads to periodic bursts of spike discharges accompanied with the contraction of seminal vesicle. The results suggested that seminal vesicle of guinea-pig may be innervated by hypogastric nerve such fashion as was deferens.","PeriodicalId":156233,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Smooth Muscle Research","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133005797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ON THE GASTRIC MOTOR RESPONSES TO THE STIMULATION OF THE CANINE PONS","authors":"N. Kimura","doi":"10.1540/JSMR1965.1.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1540/JSMR1965.1.177","url":null,"abstract":"The responses of the stomach movements to the stimulation of the pons were investigated in the anesthetized and non-anesthetized dogs. The stimulated areas were determined by the histological examination.1) A hundred and fourteen motor and 78 inhibitory responses were obtained. The motor responses were obtained not only through the vagus nerves, but also through the splanchnic nerves. The inhibitory responses were obtained not only through the splanchnic nerves, but also through the vagus nerves.2) Both the motor and inhibitory effects were obtained in the same area, that is, the Formatio reticularis, Tr. vestibulospinalis, Nucl. vestibularis medialis, Tr. rubrospinalis, Fasc. longitudinalis medialis, Nucl. cuneatus, Pedunculus cerebellaris superior, Tr. spinalis n. trigemini, Lemniscus lateralis were responsible for the both reactions. Especially, the Tr. rubrospinalis and Nucl. & Tr. n. trigemini were responsible for the motor effects, and the Tr. vestibulospinalis was responsible for the inhibitory effects. The reversed responses of the stomach did not depend on the stimulating conditions or on the anesthetization or non-anesthetization of the dogs.3) The stimulation of extrapyramidal tracts, such as the Ped. cerebellaris sup., Tr. vestibulospinalis, Tr. rubrospinalis, Nucl. vestibularis lat., -inf., Fasc. longitudinalis med., Tr. tectomedullaris, Nucl. olivaris sup.caused the motor and inhibitory responses of the stomach.4) The stimulation of the cerebellar pedunculus produced both responses of the stomach.5) The stimulation of the somatic nerves and its nucleus (Nucl. motorius n. trigemini, Nucl. n. abducens, Genu n. facialis) also produced the both responses.","PeriodicalId":156233,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Smooth Muscle Research","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133230862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE MUSCULAR CONSTRUCTION OF INTESTINE","authors":"I. Yoshii","doi":"10.1540/JSMR1965.3.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1540/JSMR1965.3.120","url":null,"abstract":"The following results were obtained through the macro- and microscopic observation of the muscular layers of human and canine intestines, which were prepared with 20% of HNO3.1. Both inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of the intestine are formed by the main fasciculus (named by the author) which consists of 3-7 fasciculi. The main fasciculus of the inner circular layer is spiral in shape.2. In human, most of the main fasicucli of the inner circular layer run clock-wise spiral course, but in dogs, most of the main fasciculi of the inner circular layer run counter-clock-wise spiral course. Between the main fasciculi, there are many branches forming a fine net-work.3. The main fasciculi of the longitudinal layer of the intestine are parallel running longitudinally. The main fasciculi are connected with many branches. No difference in human and dog is noted.4. Dog's ileocecal valve is formed by fasciculi of the inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of the small intestine and the inner circular layer of the large intestine. The principal layer is the inner circular layer of the small intestine.","PeriodicalId":156233,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Smooth Muscle Research","volume":"228 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121862543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INFLUENCE OF ELECTRIC STIMULATION FOR THE MOVEMENT OF GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT","authors":"T. Kumagai","doi":"10.1540/jsmr1965.2.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1540/jsmr1965.2.111","url":null,"abstract":"Response of the human gastrointestinal tract for the electric stimulation which was given intramurally, intraluminally or percutaneously using square waves of 10, 100 or 1, 000 c/s was studied by electromyography and cinefluorography.The following results were obtained.1. The stimuli of 5 volts for 5 seconds given intramurally caused sufficient local excitation, though the excitation did not extend to the entire intestinal tract.2. The stimulated part of the intestine showed a spastic state during the stimulation, and an atonic state followed it and continued for 5 to 10 minutes under cinefluorography.3. The intraluminal stimulation activated the movement of the entire gastrointestinal tract and the atonic state of the stimulated part lasted for one minute.4. The condition of the effective percutaneous stimulation required at least 20 volts and more than 15 times in frequency for sufficient excitation.5. Maximum excitation was observed about 10 minutes after the stimulation and it was obtained more effectively under the condition of 10 to 100 c/s than 1, 000 c/s.6. The intraluminal stimulation of 100 c/s, 20 volts and 10 seconds was performed on the laparotomized patients. From this experiment, it was revealed that this procedure was effective in the treatment of the postoperative intestinal paralysis.","PeriodicalId":156233,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Smooth Muscle Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115203162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEFECATION MECHANISM IN MAN","authors":"T. Sugisawa","doi":"10.1540/JSMR1965.9.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1540/JSMR1965.9.47","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was made to investigate the details of defecation mechanism .The subjects studied were 14 normal adults who did not suffer from intestinal diseases and 13 patients with colonic diseases who have undergone resection of the rectosigmoid.For this purpose 16 mm X-ray cinematogram was taken on every patient using barium enema in supine posture. A photo-optical measurement was performed on these cinefilms with a film motion analyzer.The results obtained are as follows:1. The subjects felt the urge to defecate by giving barium into the rectal ampulla .At this time enema volume of the barium averaged 196 ml.2. The distension of the wall of the rectal ampulla by increasing the internal pressure seems to be one of the factors giving the awareness of the need to evacuate the rectum.3. In the left side colon and rectum, obvious movement was not observed before defecation took place. The colon and rectum went down as a whole toward the pelvic space at the time when defecation started.When distension at the ampulla by intraabdominal pressure exceeded the tension of the anal sphincter, defecation started. At the same time obvious movement was not able to be observed on the left side colon and the rectum .4. The transportation of feces in the left side colon was observed during defecation.At the end of defecation the rectum and left side colon returned to the resting condition similar to that before defecation started . The main function of the left side colon seems to be storage of feces.5. Good fecal continence was noticed in the cases resected the rectum at the height more than 7 cm above the anal ring.","PeriodicalId":156233,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Smooth Muscle Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128464520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}