Journal of Drug TargetingPub Date : 2026-09-01Epub Date: 2026-04-07DOI: 10.1080/1061186X.2026.2646184
Luoluo Wang, Xiang Wu, Yi Ruan, Xueming Zhang, Gong Cheng, Xinhua Zhou
{"title":"Curcumin suppresses pancreatic cancer progression and glycolysis by modulating the circ_0001535/miR-126-5p/HIPK2 axis.","authors":"Luoluo Wang, Xiang Wu, Yi Ruan, Xueming Zhang, Gong Cheng, Xinhua Zhou","doi":"10.1080/1061186X.2026.2646184","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1061186X.2026.2646184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although curcumin exerts anticancer effects in pancreatic cancer (PC) through various molecular pathways, its regulatory mechanisms mediated by non-coding RNA networks remain incompletely understood. This study sought to elucidate its functional role in PC progression, with particular focus on circRNA-driven regulatory networks. Cellular functions including viability, clonogenicity, migration, and invasion were examined through CCK-8, colony formation, and Transwell assays. Commercial kits and Seahorse XP 96 were used to measure glycolytic activity, while RT-qPCR and Western blot were applied to detect RNA and protein expression levels. Bioinformatic tools were utilised to predict possible circRNA-miRNA interactions, which were then experimentally verified using dual-luciferase reporter assays and RIP. <i>In vivo</i> tumour suppression was evaluated in xenografted mouse models treated with curcumin and/or circ_0001535 overexpression. Downregulation of circ_0001535 and HIPK2 was observed in PC, whereas miR-126-5p showed elevated expression. Curcumin treatment significantly upregulated circ_0001535 expression and suppressed malignant cellular behaviours. Mechanistically, circ_0001535 modulates HIPK2 expression by sponging miR-126-5p. Notably, overexpression of circ_0001535 enhanced the antitumor effects of curcumin <i>in vivo</i>. These findings suggest that curcumin inhibits PC progression by upregulating circ_0001535, which modulates the miR-126-5p/HIPK2 signalling axis. This study provides novel mechanistic insights into the therapeutic potential of curcumin in PC treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":15573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Targeting","volume":" ","pages":"1578-1591"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147633612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preparation and evaluation of elastic provesicular chrysin carriers: a targeted therapeutic strategy for mitigating ulcerative colitis.","authors":"Abeer Salama, Marwa Anwar Wagdi, Amany A El-Fadaly, Asmaa Badawy Darwish","doi":"10.1080/1061186X.2026.2626355","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1061186X.2026.2626355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel syndrome characterised by inflammation and oxidative deterioration. Our study aimed to investigate provesicular formulations (Pro) as a novel carrier for chrysin (CR) to enhance its efficacy in attenuating chemically induced UC. Chrysin Provesicles (CR-Pro) were prepared using coacervation phase separation technique utilising different edge activators along with Span 40 and cholesterol. Vesicles were characterised by entrapment efficiency percentage (EE%), particle size (PS) and zeta potential (ZP) to select the optimal formulation. <i>In-vitro</i> release experiment was conducted to evaluate the release pattern of drug from the developed formulation. <i>In-vivo</i> efficiency of the developed formulation was assessed utilising inflammatory response and oxidative stress generated by acetic acid administered intrarectally in rats. The vesicles revealed high CR EE% ranging from 94.53 ± 1.97 to 99.66 ± 0.16%, VS ranged from 133.6 ± 2.54 to 331.3 ± 5.25 nm, and high negative ZP values which revealed stable vesicular formulations. <i>In-vivo</i> study results showed that the selected CR-Pro reduced the high colonic NO, TLR4, and NF-κβ levels with increasing GSH and SIRT-1 levels, limiting both oxidative injury and inflammatory response. According to these findings, CR-Pro may be a viable drug delivery approach for encapsulating CR and boosting its effectiveness in UC treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":15573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Targeting","volume":" ","pages":"1483-1493"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146113388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal of Drug TargetingPub Date : 2026-09-01Epub Date: 2026-03-03DOI: 10.1080/1061186X.2026.2638335
Ying-Tzu Chang, Po-Yu Chien, Ching-Hui Su, I-Ting Wu, Chin-Chuan Hung
{"title":"Natural triterpenoid glycosides, astragaloside II and astragaloside IV resensitize multidrug-resistant cancer via interfering ATPase activity and inducing apoptosis <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.","authors":"Ying-Tzu Chang, Po-Yu Chien, Ching-Hui Su, I-Ting Wu, Chin-Chuan Hung","doi":"10.1080/1061186X.2026.2638335","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1061186X.2026.2638335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chemoresistance, often associated with multidrug resistance (MDR), is a significant challenge in cancer treatment. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is overexpressed in various MDR cancers and is a drug efflux transporter of chemotherapeutics. Astragaloside II (AST-II) and astragaloside IV (AST-IV) are bioactive compounds extracted from the plant species <i>Astragalus membranaceus</i>. This study investigated the MDR reverse ability in cancer and the underlying mechanisms of AST-II and AST-IV. Results demonstrated that both compounds inhibited P-gp efflux function by suppressing ATPase activity and non-competitively interacting with P-gp substrates rhodamine123 and doxorubicin. The MDR reversal effects of AST-II and AST-IV were observed in MDR KB-vin cells by suppressing <i>ABCB1</i> mRNA expression, inducing G2/M cell-cycle arrest as well as enhancing apoptosis. Both compounds exhibited synergistic effects with paclitaxel in inhibiting tumour growth <i>in vivo</i>. These findings suggested that AST- II and AST-IV are potential candidates for development as synergistic agents in MDR cancer treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":15573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Targeting","volume":" ","pages":"1550-1567"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147283905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermosensitive, injectable, biocompatible epigallocatechin gallate liposomes/modified chitosan composite hydrogel for efficient skin repairing.","authors":"Zeting Huang, Weishan Wen, Shengjun Huang, Yuanyuan Yu, Yuyang Cao, Hongping Xiang, Duoling Xu, Jie Xuan, Lanyue Zhang, Weihua Peng, Si Qin","doi":"10.1080/1061186X.2026.2623192","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1061186X.2026.2623192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) exhibits remarkable bioactivities, notably enhancing wound healing via keratinocyte activation and re-epithelialisation. However, its susceptibility to oxidation restricts its efficient application. To address this, this study aims to improve its stability and bioavailability by integrating EGCG liposomes (ELSm) with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM)-modified chitosan (CS) hydrogel (TSCN). Specifically, the TSCN2/5 hydrogel with a mass ratio of CS/NIPAM of 2/5 is injectable and can undergo a reversible phase transition around 30.4 °C, which also exhibits a good adhesive strength of 36.73 kPa. The ELS1 liposomes (the mass ratio of lecithin/cholesterol/EGCG is 40/10/3) demonstrate good stability and encapsulation efficiency, with a particle size of about 110 nm and an encapsulation efficiency of about 85%. Cellular experiments reveal that ELS1 and TSCN2/5 are non-toxic to cells, and the ELSCN hydrogel (composite of ELS1 and TSCN2/5) can increase the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α) protein in skin repair. Animal experiments demonstrate that ELSCN with a high concentration of EGCG can promote wound healing by reducing skin inflammation, boosting collagen synthesis, facilitating epidermal repair and promoting granulation tissue formation. Consequently, this composite hydrogel will be used as a coating for efficient skin wound repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":15573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Targeting","volume":" ","pages":"1456-1468"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146052369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel polymer planar biomimetic membrane with self-differentiating intestinal-like structural for drug permeability prediction.","authors":"Weishuo Ju, Ran Zhang, Jingxuan Guo, Shuo Li, Huimin Zhang, Huijia Song, Yanping Sun, Zibin Gao","doi":"10.1080/1061186X.2026.2724026","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1061186X.2026.2724026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurately and efficiently assessing drug permeability has emerged as a critical challenge in early drug discovery and development, prompting the development of various models. In this study, a polymer planar biomimetic membrane permeation assay (PPBMPA) model was established using a Transwell chamber, and its permeability assessment capability was evaluated using model drugs with high, medium, and low permeability. The underlying permeation mechanism was also investigated. The results demonstrated that the biomimetic membrane spontaneously differentiated into an intestinal-like structure comprising a hydrated layer, a polymersome layer, and a basal layer, thereby mimicking the sequential process of drug permeation across the mucus layer, intestinal epithelium, interstitial space, and into the bloodstream. This highly biomimetic permeation pattern enabled effective differentiation between high and low absorption drugs, exhibiting a strong correlation with Caco-2 permeability (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.85). Collectively, these findings suggest that the novel PPBMPA model holds promise as a reliable tool for rapid and reproducible drug permeability prediction.</p>","PeriodicalId":15573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Targeting","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal of Drug TargetingPub Date : 2026-09-01Epub Date: 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1080/1061186X.2026.2623197
Hibah M Aldawsari, Shaimaa M Badr-Eldin, Rana Bakhaidar, Omaima N El-Gazayerly, Eman Abdelhakeem, Hanadi Y Shaheen, Shahad S Alqarni, Manar K Alkhamis, Sarah A Aljabri, Osama A A Ahmed, Mona M Saber
{"title":"Solvent-free green preparation of niacinamide niosomes for targeting UVB-induced hyperpigmentation: QbD-based optimisation and <i>in vivo</i> assessment.","authors":"Hibah M Aldawsari, Shaimaa M Badr-Eldin, Rana Bakhaidar, Omaima N El-Gazayerly, Eman Abdelhakeem, Hanadi Y Shaheen, Shahad S Alqarni, Manar K Alkhamis, Sarah A Aljabri, Osama A A Ahmed, Mona M Saber","doi":"10.1080/1061186X.2026.2623197","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1061186X.2026.2623197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyperpigmentation is often driven by ultraviolet (UV)-induced inflammation and melanogenesis. This study aimed to develop a novel, eco-friendly niacinamide (NIA) nano-delivery system to overcome the skin barrier and effectively target both inflammation and pigmentation associated with ultraviolet B (UVB) damage. Employing a Quality-by-Design (QbD) approach, we utilised a D-optimal response surface design to fabricate and optimise solvent-free niacinamide niosomes (NIA-NIs). Particle size (PS) was minimised and zeta potential (ZP) maximised for enhanced stability and skin penetration using novel complete solvent-free ultrasonication method. Morphology was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The therapeutic efficacy of the optimised formulation was validated in a rat-UVB-induced skin-damage model, with outcomes assessed through histopathological examination and inflammatory cytokine quantification. The optimised NIA-NIs exhibited a nano-size of 272 nm ± 9.5 and a high negative charge ZP of -26.9 mV ± 1.2. TEM confirmed spherical morphology and nano-scale size. The niosomal formulation demonstrated profound <i>in vivo</i> superiority in suppressing inflammation, reducing TNF-α and IL-6 levels by 54% and 29%, respectively. Histopathology confirmed near-complete skin architecture restoration, markedly reducing hyperkeratosis, inflammatory infiltration and collagen disruption, effects that were only partial using the free drug. Niosomes significantly enhance NIA's efficacy through targeted delivery, establishing them as a promising and sustainable nano-therapy for effectively treating hyperpigmentation and photo-damaged skin.</p>","PeriodicalId":15573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Targeting","volume":" ","pages":"1469-1482"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146064129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lipid-based nanocarriers coupled with CO<sub>2</sub> laser-mediated drug delivery enhance skin penetration and hair follicle targeting.","authors":"Woan-Ruoh Lee, Wei-Ling Chou, Chien-Yu Hsiao, Abdullah Alshetaili, Fang-Hsin Chang, Jia-You Fang","doi":"10.1080/1061186X.2026.2629341","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1061186X.2026.2629341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The topical administration of hydrophilic drugs such as minoxidil and minocycline for alopecia and acne treatments remains unsatisfactory due to limited skin absorption and follicular uptake. The combination of physical and chemical enhancement methods may be beneficial in improving skin delivery. In this study, minoxidil and minocycline were topically delivered in nanoparticulate form to penetrate the skin using fractional laser microporation. Skin perforation was conducted on pig skin with a CO<sub>2</sub> laser (2-8 mJ). The lipid-based nanocarriers increased the passive absorption of the drugs as compared to the free form, with a particularly significant increase in flux. The laser enhanced the skin deposition and flux of both free and nanoencapsulated drugs. The follicular accumulation of minoxidil in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) and liposomes (LP) was increased by 7- and 9-fold, respectively, with laser treatment. The laser also enhanced follicular minocycline accumulation in NLC and LP by 9- and 12-fold, respectively, compared to passive transport. Biodistribution observed through confocal microscopy illustrated that the nanoparticles were primarily transported through the laser-created microchannels, with both vertical and horizontal diffusion. After CO<sub>2</sub> laser exposure, the nanoparticles were visualised in both epidermal and dermal layers. In an <i>in vivo Cutibacterium acnes</i>-infected mouse model, a 2-log reduction in bacterial colony in the skin was observed with the combined laser and NLC. Our preclinical evidence demonstrates that the combination of laser ablation with specific nanoformulations appears to be an effective and safe strategy for cutaneous and follicular delivery of hydrophilic drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":15573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Targeting","volume":" ","pages":"1511-1522"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146142629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal of Drug TargetingPub Date : 2026-09-01Epub Date: 2026-02-23DOI: 10.1080/1061186X.2026.2632863
Anjali More, Ameeduzzafar Zafar, Omar Awad Alsaidan, Misbahuddin Rafeeq, Ali Hazazi, Abdulkarim S Binshaya, Jawaher Amer Alsaiari, Shoaeb Mohammad Syed
{"title":"Pravastatin-Loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: formulation optimization and in-vivo assessment for antihyperlipidaemic effect in rats.","authors":"Anjali More, Ameeduzzafar Zafar, Omar Awad Alsaidan, Misbahuddin Rafeeq, Ali Hazazi, Abdulkarim S Binshaya, Jawaher Amer Alsaiari, Shoaeb Mohammad Syed","doi":"10.1080/1061186X.2026.2632863","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1061186X.2026.2632863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to create nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) loaded with pravastatin to improve its long-term anti-hyperlipidemic effects. Preformulation research was conducted. High-shear homogenisation and ultrasonication were used to prepare NLCs containing stearic acid (solid lipid), oleic acid (liquid lipid), and varying amounts of Tween 80 and Poloxamer 188 as surfactants. Nine formulations were prepared using a 3<sup>2</sup> factorial design and evaluated for size, zeta, scanning electron microscopy, entrapment efficiency, release, and kinetics. The optimum formulation was further evaluated for <i>in vivo</i> antihyperlipidemic activity in rats, and the <i>in vitro</i> release profile and stability of the commercial preparation were assessed. The optimised formulation (F4) exhibited an entrapment efficiency of 98.35%, a zeta potential of -65.9 mV, and a particle size of 203.0 nm. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the particles were spherical and exhibited sustained <i>in vitro</i> drug release (96.4% over 12 h). <i>In vivo</i> evaluation in hyperlipidemic Wistar rats showed significantly improved lipid profiles and reduced oxidative stress compared to marketed pravastatin tablets. Stability studies confirmed that the formulation was stable under various conditions, and release studies showed sustained release compared with the marketed formulation. These findings suggest that pravastatin-loaded NLCs are promising sustained-release systems for improved management of hyperlipidaemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":15573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Targeting","volume":" ","pages":"1523-1539"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146201862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal of Drug TargetingPub Date : 2026-09-01Epub Date: 2026-03-05DOI: 10.1080/1061186X.2026.2638338
Drashti Shukla, Jigal Hirawala, Devesh U Kapoor, Omar Awad Alsaidan, Sami I Alzarea
{"title":"From sound waves to systemic cure: transformative nanotechnology-driven sonodynamic Strategies in liver cancer.","authors":"Drashti Shukla, Jigal Hirawala, Devesh U Kapoor, Omar Awad Alsaidan, Sami I Alzarea","doi":"10.1080/1061186X.2026.2638338","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1061186X.2026.2638338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounting for nearly 75-85% of total cases. As per recent global cancer estimates, over 900,000 new cases and more than 800,000 deaths occur annually, reflecting its high incidence and poor survival outcome. Despite advancements in surgical, systemic, and immunotherapeutic approaches, treatment efficacy for advanced HCC remains limited due to tumour hypoxia, recurrence, drug resistance, and off-target toxicities. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), a non-invasive, ultrasound-activated therapeutic modality, has emerged as a promising strategy owing to its deep tissue penetration, minimal invasiveness, and controllable ROS-mediated cytotoxicity. Nanotechnology-enabled SDT significantly enhances sonosensitizer stability, tumour-specific delivery, and multifunctional therapeutic effects. Recent innovations include the development of organic, inorganic, and hybrid nano-sonosensitizers, along with synergistic combinations such as gene therapy, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, cuproptosis, and disulfidptosis induction. Moreover, image-guided SDT using ultrasound, MRI, and fluorescence platforms allows precise localisation and real-time therapeutic monitoring. Despite these promising advancements, clinical translation faces challenges involving biosafety, biodegradability, targeting specificity, and lack of standardised SDT protocols. This review comprehensively highlights SDT mechanisms, nanoplatform classifications, recent therapeutic strategies, safety concerns, and future research directions to facilitate effective and translational SDT-based liver cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Targeting","volume":" ","pages":"1414-1427"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147283871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Human Serum Albumin-coated macromolecular niosomes for enhanced immunotherapeutic efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis: optimization, characterization and <i>in-vivo</i> assessment.","authors":"Laxmi Rani, Ashwini Kumar Mishra, Neha S L, Shweta Paroha, Hitesh Kumar Dewangan, Perwez Alam, Pravat Kumar Sahoo","doi":"10.1080/1061186X.2026.2646186","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1061186X.2026.2646186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to design and optimise Baricitinib-loaded biomimetic (BCTB) niosomes for treatment of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a rat model that mimics human joint inflammation. To enhance therapeutic efficacy and reduce infection risks, Human-Serum-Albumin (HSA)-decorated BCTB-loaded niosomes were formulated and evaluated against marketed BCTB tablets. Niosomes were developed using sonication followed by reverse-phase evaporation method and optimised <i>via</i> Central-Composite-Design. They were characterised for vesicle-size, zeta-potential, entrapment efficiency, morphology, in-vitro release, and molecular interactions (FTIR, DSC, XRD). In-vivo evaluation was conducted on Wistar rats, assessing interleukin-6 levels, body weight changes, arthritic index, radiographic findings, hematological parameters, and histopathology of rear paw joints. Optimised niosomes exhibited spherical morphology with a vesicle-size of 161.7 ± 0.1 nm, PDI 0.145 ± 0.013, zeta-potential -52 ± 7.68 mV, and high entrapment efficiency (93.40 ± 1.8%). FTIR, DSC, and XRD confirmed no significant drug-excipient interactions. HSA-decoration enhanced therapeutic effects of BCTB by prolonging drug release, mitigating adverse effects, and improving disease outcomes. BCTB niosomes significantly alleviated clinical and histopathological signs of RA, showing comparable efficacy to marketed BCTB tablets in 2 mg/kg treated group. The following results prove that, BCTB-loaded niosomes as a targeted drug delivery platform for RA treatment, offering improved bioavailability, sustained release, and reduced systemic toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Targeting","volume":" ","pages":"1592-1607"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147574201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}