Journal of Drug Targeting最新文献

{"title":"Hydrogel Doped with Sinomenine-CeO₂ Nanoparticles for Sustained Intra-articular Therapy in Knee Osteoarthritis.","authors":"Chuanyi Sheng, Baorong Zhu, Xiaomei Lin, Hongyuan Shen, Zhonghua Wu, Jinjun Shi, Liang Ge","doi":"10.1080/1061186X.2024.2449488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1061186X.2024.2449488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intra-articular injection has emerged as a promising approach for treating knee osteoarthritis (OA), showing notable efficacy and potential. However, the risk of side effects remains a concern with the commonly used steroid therapies in clinical practice. Here, we developed an intra-articular injectable hydrogel drug depot (SMN-CeO₂@G) for sustained OA treatment. This hydrogel system, which carries sinomenine-loaded cerium dioxide nanoparticles (SMN-CeO₂), enhances anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects within the joint cavity. SMN-CeO₂@G features a three-dimensional network structure with an approximate pore size of 10 μm, stably encapsulating SMN-CeO₂ nanoparticles (∼75 nm). Under hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) exposure and simulated mechanical stress, SMN-CeO₂@G achieves a cumulative SMN release of 44.72 ± 7.83% over 48 hours, demonstrating controlled release capabilities. At an SMN concentration of 0.5 μg/mL, SMN-CeO₂@G significantly enhances proliferation, reduces apoptosis, and lowers matrix metalloproteinases-13 (MMP-13) secretion in IL-1β-induced ATDC5 chondrocytes. In the ATDC5-RAW264.7 co-culture model, SMN-CeO₂@G effectively reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, apoptosis (∼20%), and MMP13 concentrations (24.3 ± 3.1 ng/mL) in chondrocytes, likely due to the promotion of macrophages M2 polarization. In anti-OA <i>in vivo</i> efficacy studies, a single intra-articular injection of SMN-CeO₂@G significantly reduces osteophyte formation, promotes subchondral bone normalization, alleviates pain sensitivity, and lowers serum IL-1β (59.3 ± 2.4 pg/mL) and MMP-13 (23.6 ± 1.7 ng/mL) levels in OA model rats. SMN-CeO₂@G also achieves prolonged retention in the synovial fluid, with 6.7 ± 2.8% SMN still detectable at 72 hours post-injection, a factor crucial for sustained therapeutic effect. Overall, SMN-CeO₂@G presents a promising tool for intra-articular OA treatment, with potential for improved clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Targeting","volume":" ","pages":"1-32"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142921895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Igniting tumour microenvironment in triple-negative breast cancer using a mannose/hyaluronic acid dual-coated Ganoderma polysaccharide-superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocomplex for combinational therapies.","authors":"Shaofei Yuan, Linjia Zhu, Yi Luo, Xiaoqiang Chen, Haibo Jing, Jiaqi Wang, Xiangyu Su, Meizhen Liang, Zhixiang Zhuang","doi":"10.1080/1061186X.2024.2408721","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1061186X.2024.2408721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eliciting tumour microenvironment (TME) activation in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is crucial for effective anti-tumour therapies. The aim of this study is to employ pharmaceutical approaches to precisely deliver Ganoderma polysaccharide (GPS) to tumour sites, thereby enhancing TME activation. We first established a direct link between the accumulation of GPS within tumours and its efficacy in the TME activation. Building upon this insight, we then engineered a mannose/hyaluronic acid dual-coated GPS-loaded superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocomplex (Man/HA/GPS-SPIONs) with a particle size of 33.8 ± 1.6 nm and a zeta potential of -22.4 ± 3.5 mV, capable of precise tumour accumulation through magnet-assisted targeting and internalisation by tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumour cells, facilitated by dual ligand modification. <i>In vitro</i>, Man/HA/GPS-SPIONs effectively induced M1 polarisation of macrophages (CD86⁺ cells: 38.6 ± 2.8%), curbed 4T1 cell proliferation (viability: 47.3 ± 2.9%) and heightened Th1 cytokine release. Significantly, <i>in vivo</i>, Man/HA/GPS-SPIONs notably suppressed tumour growth (tumour index: 0.048 ± 0.005), fostered M1 polarisation of TAMs (CD45⁺F4/80⁺CD86⁺ cells: 26.1 ± 7.2%), consequently bolstering intratumoural T cytotoxic cells. This enhancement was intricately tied to the efficient co-delivery of GPS and iron ions to the tumours, made possible by the Man/HA/GPS-SPIONs delivery system. The synergistic effects with paclitaxel (PTX, inhibition rate: 61.2 ± 4.3%) and PD-1 inhibitors (inhibition rate: 69.8 ± 7.6%) underscored the translational potential of this approach. By harnessing a well-conceived iron-based drug delivery strategy, this study amplifies the tumour immune modulatory potential of natural polysaccharides, offering insightful guidance for interventions in the TME and synergistic therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Targeting","volume":" ","pages":"111-126"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142521968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Folate-conjugated carbon nanotubes as a promising therapeutic approach for targeted cancer therapy.","authors":"Kratika Halwai, Suruchi Khanna, Garima Gupta, Shadma Wahab, Mohammad Khalid, Prashant Kesharwani","doi":"10.1080/1061186X.2024.2393423","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1061186X.2024.2393423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conventional systemic cancer therapy often causes numerous adverse events. However, discovering overexpressed folate receptors in solid tumours has paved the way for targeted chemotherapy. Folic acid (FA), a ligand for these receptors, is frequently combined with chemotherapeutic drugs to improve their effectiveness. Carbon nanotubes have emerged as a versatile and promising method for delivering these folate-conjugated nano-systems, ensuring targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to cancerous cells. When FA-conjugated nanotubes dissociate, they release the drug-loaded nanotubes inside the malignant cells, reducing off-target effects. These nanotubes can also be used for combination therapies, producing synergistic effects. This review aims to comprehensively gather and critically evaluate the latest methods for delivering therapeutics using FA-conjugated nanovehicles. Additionally, it seeks to enhance our comprehension of the pertinent chemistry and biochemical pathways involved in this approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":15573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Targeting","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141982461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roflumilast-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers attenuate oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease model.","authors":"Dhritiman Roy, Shivaramakrishnan Balasubramanian, Prajwal P Kunte, Jawahar Natarajan, Piyong Sola, Emdormi Rymbai, Praharsh Kumar M R","doi":"10.1080/1061186X.2024.2408724","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1061186X.2024.2408724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with limited symptomatic treatment options. Targeting phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) has shown a promising result in several preclinical studies. In our study, we aim to repurpose US FDA-approved PDE4 inhibitor for PD. Through <i>in-silico</i> study, we identified roflumilast (ROF) as the potential candidate targeting PDE4B2. In Drosophila PD expressing the A30P mutant α-synuclein model, ROF exhibited anti-PD effects as indicated by negative geotaxis and antioxidant activities. Given the low brain distribution of ROF (<50%) at clinical doses, incorporation into nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) was carried out to enhanced blood-brain barrier permeability. <i>In vitro</i> release studies indicated sustained ROF release from NLCs (≈75%) over 24 h. Single-dose oral toxicity studies reported no mortality or toxicity signs. ROF-loaded NLCs significantly alleviated behavioural deficits, increased antioxidant parameters (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and reduced TNF-α and IL-6 levels (<i>p</i> < 0.5) in the striatum compared to pure ROF. ROF-loaded NLCs demonstrated potential anti-PD effects with high efficacy than pure ROF. Our study suggests that nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) can be a promising drug delivery system to overcome limitations associated with poor brain bioavailability of lipophilic drugs like ROF for PD treatment. Further investigation related to brain occupancy and underlying mechanisms of our formulation is warranted to confirm and strengthen our current findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":15573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Targeting","volume":" ","pages":"127-142"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro studies support clinical trials showing platelet-rich fibrin-mediated local delivery of antibiotics improves outcomes in impacted mandibular third molar surgery.","authors":"Kani Bilginaylar, Ceren Melahat Donmezer, Ahmet Ozer Sehirli","doi":"10.1080/1061186X.2024.2396355","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1061186X.2024.2396355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our previous clinical observations showed that platelet rich fibrin (PRF) can be used to deliver antibiotics to attenuate postoperative complications after unilaterally impacted mandibular third molar surgery (IMTMS). In order to begin understanding the mechanism involved in the beneficial <i>in vivo</i> effects of PRF-mediated delivery of antibiotics, <i>in vitro</i> studies were performed, which showed that PRF preparations containing amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or clindamycin significantly inhibited the growth of S. aureus bacteria. In our previous study, comparisons were made between control and treated groups. However, since variations among individual patients could possibly affect the results, the current study included patients with bilaterally symmetric impacted mandibular third molars, allowing us to compare control and antibiotic treatment within each patient. The effects of PRF preparations containing amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or clindamycin on IMTMS was tested in 60 clinical cases. Antibiotic-injected PRF treatment after bilaterally IMTMS resulted in significantly reduced pain, less use of analgesics, and reduced swelling and trismus compared to the control group (PRF without antibiotics) confirming our previous results after unilaterally IMTMS. The <i>in vitro</i> results support the hypothesis that <i>in vivo</i> delivery of antibiotics using PRF produces therapeutic effects after IMTMS by attenuating bacterial infection and inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Targeting","volume":" ","pages":"87-98"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142017635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of ZIP4 as a tumour-associated antigen for nanotargeting.","authors":"Ruixue Xu, Neus Martinez-Bosch, Francisco Rivera-Hueto, Vladimir Mulens-Arias, Fanny Rubio-Moscardo, J Javier Conesa, Pilar Navarro, Rubén Vicente, Pilar Rivera-Gil","doi":"10.1080/1061186X.2024.2405711","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1061186X.2024.2405711","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains a highly aggressive and untreatable cancer. There is a need to develop a new PDAC-associated antigen-targeting drug delivery system to tackle this disease. We validated choosing ZIP4 as a putative target in PDAC theranostics. We developed a nanosystem composed of a fluorescent polystyrene core coated with gold nanoparticles onto which a ZIP4-specific polyclonal antibody is attached. The polystyrene core's fluorescence properties allow the nanosystem tracking by intravital imaging. We also developed two ZIP4-expressing cell lines by stably transfecting HEK293 and RWP1 cells with a ZIP4-coding plasmid that simultaneously provides cells with puromycin resistance. We studied the cell internalisation of the as-synthesised nanoparticles and demonstrated that ZIP4-expressing HEK293 and ZIP4-expressing RWP1 cells tended to take up more ZIP4-targeting nanoparticles. Moreover, we observed that ZIP4-targeting nanoparticles accumulated more in ZIP4-expressing HEK293 and RWP1 tumours when injected intravenously in a subcutaneous xenograft and an orthotopic <i>in vivo</i> model, respectively. Furthermore, the administration of these nanoparticles did not induce any significant systemic toxicity as determined by histological analysis of all organs. Altogether, these results provide the first evidence of the feasibility of using a ZIP4-targeting nanosystem further to design efficient therapeutic and diagnostic tools for PDAC.</p>","PeriodicalId":15573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Targeting","volume":" ","pages":"143-155"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142288789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An overview of phospholipid enriched-edge activator-based vesicle nanocarriers: new paradigms to treat skin cancer.","authors":"Samreen Jahan, Asad Ali, Niha Sultana, Farheen Fatima Qizilbash, Hamad Ali, Mohd Aqil, Mohd Mujeeb, Asgar Ali","doi":"10.1080/1061186X.2024.2402750","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1061186X.2024.2402750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skin cancer poses a significant global health concern necessitating innovative treatment approaches. This review explores the potential of vesicle nanoformulation incorporating EA (edge activators) to overcome barriers in skin cancer management. The skin's inherent protective mechanisms, specifically the outermost layer called the stratum corneum and the network of blood arteries, impede the permeation of drugs. Phospholipid-enriched EA based nanoformulation offer a promising solution by enhancing drug penetration through skin barriers. EAs like Span 80, Span 20, Tween 20, and sodium cholate etc., enhance vesicles deformability, influencing drug permeation. This review discusses topical application of drugs treat skin cancer, highlighting challenges connected with the conventional liposome and the significance of using EA-based nanoformulation in overcoming these challenges. Furthermore, it provides insights into various EA characteristics, critical insights, clinical trials, and patents. The review also offers a concise overview of composition, preparation techniques, and the application of EA-based nanoformulation such as transfersomes, transliposomes, transethosomes, and transniosomes for delivering drugs to treat skin cancer. Overall, this review intends to accelerate the development of formulations that incorporate EA, which would further improve topical drug delivery and enhance therapeutic outcomes in skin cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":15573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Targeting","volume":" ","pages":"17-41"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting the lung tumour stroma: harnessing nanoparticles for effective therapeutic interventions.","authors":"Shushu Zhang, Hui Wang","doi":"10.1080/1061186X.2024.2410462","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1061186X.2024.2410462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung cancer remains an influential global health concern, necessitating the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. The tumour stroma, which is known as tumour microenvironment (TME) has a central impact on tumour expansion and treatment resistance. The stroma of lung tumours consists of numerous cells and molecules that shape an environment for tumour expansion. This environment not only protects tumoral cells against immune system attacks but also enables tumour stroma to attenuate the action of antitumor drugs. This stroma consists of stromal cells like cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), suppressive immune cells, and cytotoxic immune cells. Additionally, the presence of stem cells, endothelial cells and pericytes can facilitate tumour volume expansion. Nanoparticles are hopeful tools for targeted drug delivery because of their extraordinary properties and their capacity to devastate biological obstacles. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of contemporary advancements in targeting the lung tumour stroma using nanoparticles. Various nanoparticle-based approaches, including passive and active targeting, and stimuli-responsive systems, highlighting their potential to improve drug delivery efficiency. Additionally, the role of nanotechnology in modulating the tumour stroma by targeting key components such as immune cells, extracellular matrix (ECM), hypoxia, and suppressive elements in the lung tumour stroma.</p>","PeriodicalId":15573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Targeting","volume":" ","pages":"60-86"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142361636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring nalbuphine loaded chitosan nanoparticles for effective pain management through intranasal administration: a comparative study.","authors":"Kushagra Khanna, Nitin Sharma, Ritu Karwasra, Abhishek Kumar, Dhruv Kumar Nishad, Ashok Kumar Janakiraman, Ravishankar Ram Mani, Mogana Rajagopal, Saad Tayyab, Bhawna Goel","doi":"10.1080/1061186X.2024.2397800","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1061186X.2024.2397800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intranasal drug delivery shows potential for brain access via olfactory and trigeminal routes.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This work aimed to ensure brain availability of nalbuphine via the nasal route.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Chitosan based nanoparticles loaded with nalbuphine were successfully prepared using ionic gelation method and characterised.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>SEM results revealed that the nanoparticles were spherical in shape, with an average size of 192.4 ± 11.6 nm. Zeta potential and entrapment efficiency was found 32.8 mV and 88.43 ± 7.75%, respectively. The X-ray diffractometry and DSC results unravel a profound understanding on the physical and thermal characteristics. The <i>in-vitro</i> release of nalbuphine from the nanoparticles was biphasic, with an initial burst release followed by a slow-release profile. <i>In-vitro</i> cell study on HEK-293 cells and microscopic images of brain tissue confirmed the safety profile of formulation. <i>In-vivo</i> efficacy studies on animal confirmed the effectiveness of developed intranasal formulation as compared to the standard therapy. The <i>in-vivo</i> pharmacokinetic studies showed that the prepared nanoparticles were able to efficiently deliver nalbuphine to the brain in comparison to the other body organs. Gamma scintigraphy images showed retention of the drug in the brain. Furthermore, the efficacy studies confirmed that the nanoparticles were found significantly more effective than the marketed formulation in pain management.</p>","PeriodicalId":15573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Targeting","volume":" ","pages":"99-110"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ferroptosis-targeting drugs in breast cancer.","authors":"Shuxian Zhang, Lijuan Guo, Ran Tao, Shuangping Liu","doi":"10.1080/1061186X.2024.2399181","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1061186X.2024.2399181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2020, breast cancer surpassed lung cancer as the most common cancer in the world for the first time. Due to the resistance of some breast cancer cell lines to apoptosis, the therapeutic effect of anti-breast cancer drugs is limited. According to recent report, the susceptibility of breast cancer cells to ferroptosis affects the progress, prognosis and drug resistance of breast cancer. For instance, roblitinib induces ferroptosis of trastuzumab-resistant human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer cells by diminishing fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) expression, thereby augmenting the susceptibility of these cells to HER2-targeted therapies. In tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells, Fascin exacerbates their resistance by repressing solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) expression, which in turn heightens their responsiveness to tamoxifen. In recent years, Chinese herbs extracts and therapeutic drugs have been demonstrated to elicit ferroptosis in breast cancer cells by modulating a spectrum of regulatory factors pertinent to ferroptosis, including SLC7A11, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4 (ACSL4), and haem oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Here, we review the roles and mechanisms of Chinese herbal extracts and therapeutic drugs in regulating ferroptosis in breast cancer, providing potential therapeutic options for anti-breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":15573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Targeting","volume":" ","pages":"42-59"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142119977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}