Journal of Drug TargetingPub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1080/1061186X.2025.2458616
Yuanyuan Li, Baojie Du, Lichao Yu, Hong Luo, Haibo Rong, Xiangdong Gao, Jun Yin
{"title":"Strategies and challenges of cytosolic delivery of proteins.","authors":"Yuanyuan Li, Baojie Du, Lichao Yu, Hong Luo, Haibo Rong, Xiangdong Gao, Jun Yin","doi":"10.1080/1061186X.2025.2458616","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1061186X.2025.2458616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cytosolic delivery of therapeutic proteins represents a promising strategy for addressing diseases caused by protein dysfunction. Despite significant advances, efficient delivery remains challenging due to barriers such as cell membrane impermeability, endosomal sequestration and protein instability. This review summarises recent progress in protein delivery systems, including physical, chemical and biological approaches, with a particular focus on strategies that enhance endosomal escape and targeting specificity. We further discuss the clinical translatability of these approaches and propose future directions for improving delivery efficiency and safety, ultimately unlocking the therapeutic potential of intracellular proteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":15573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Targeting","volume":" ","pages":"837-852"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143039242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of liposomes in chemoimmunotherapy of breast cancer.","authors":"Fatemeh Attarian, Ghazaleh Hatamian, Shamim Nosrati, Mahsa Akbari Oryani, Hossein Javid, Alireza Hashemzadeh, Mojtaba Tarin","doi":"10.1080/1061186X.2025.2467139","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1061186X.2025.2467139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the dynamic arena of cancer therapeutics, chemoimmunotherapy has shown tremendous promise, especially for aggressive forms of breast cancer like triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This review delves into the significant role of liposomes in enhancing the effectiveness of chemoimmunotherapy by leveraging breast cancer-specific mechanisms such as the induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD), reprogramming the tumour microenvironment (TME), and enabling sequential drug release. We examine innovative dual-targeting liposomes that capitalise on tumour heterogeneity, as well as pH-sensitive formulations that offer improved control over drug delivery. Unlike prior analyses, this review directly links advancements in preclinical research-such as PAMAM dendrimer-based nanoplatforms and RGD-decorated liposomes-to clinical trial results, highlighting their potential to revolutionise TNBC treatment strategies. Additionally, we address ongoing challenges related to scalability, toxicity, and regulatory compliance, and propose future directions for personalised, immune-focused nanomedicine. This work not only synthesises the latest research but also offers a framework for translating liposomal chemoimmunotherapy from laboratory research to clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":15573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Targeting","volume":" ","pages":"887-915"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143449167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of linagliptin-loaded liposomes using aspartic acid conjugate for bone-targeted delivery to combat osteoporosis.","authors":"Nikita Nirwan, Yakkala Prasanna Anjaneyulu, Yasmin Sultana, Divya Vohora","doi":"10.1080/1061186X.2025.2467089","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1061186X.2025.2467089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disorder that requires new treatment strategies. Linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, is a proven osteogenic agent in diabetes-linked bone loss. However, poor solubility, low oral bioavailability and inadequate bone-targeting limit its use in osteoporosis. We have successfully developed the bone-targeted liposomes of linagliptin using an aspartic acid conjugate, that is poly (aspartic acid-co-lactide)-1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho ethanolamine (PAL-DPPE), which was prior synthesised and identified using FTIR and NMR. Liposomes were evaluated for particle size, encapsulation efficacy, drug loading and release study in addition to <i>in vitro</i> hydroxyapatite binding ability. To determine the anti-osteoporosis effect of liposomes, <i>in vivo</i> testing was performed in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis model in mice. Bone targeted liposomes of linagliptin having particle size of 281.7 nm and hydroxyapatite affinity of 89% significantly improved the bone architecture parameters and bone mineral density in micro-computed tomography analysis. Further, these liposomes positively modulated sclerostin, bone morphogenetic protein-2, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa beta/osteoprotegerin ratio and other bone turnover biomarkers. The findings demonstrate that aspartic acid conjugate (PAL-DPPE)-based bone-targeted liposomes of linagliptin hold promise for the treatment of osteoporosis. Moreover, the possible mechanistic pathways involved here is Wnt and AMPK pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":15573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Targeting","volume":" ","pages":"1014-1025"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143408553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Avichal Kumar, Dhruti Avlani, S Narasimha Murthy, Shivakumar H N, Shammy Jindal
{"title":"Emerging Polymeric Mucoadhesive Nanocarriers: A Promising Option for Intravaginal HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis.","authors":"Avichal Kumar, Dhruti Avlani, S Narasimha Murthy, Shivakumar H N, Shammy Jindal","doi":"10.1080/1061186X.2025.2523991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1061186X.2025.2523991","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of novel long-acting and antiretroviral (ARV) drug delivery systems has reshaped the landscape of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Intravaginal delivery platforms are increasingly recognized for their ability to deliver ARVs directly at the portal of viral entry. These systems are well retained at the portal, ensuring sustained local inhibitory levels, minimizing systemic exposure. Compared to oral PrEP, these systems offer better protection against viral transmission, reduce dosing frequency, and minimize systemic side effects. Among these systems, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) stand out due to their customizable surface chemistry, mucoadhesive potential, and sustained drug release profiles, ensuring enhanced mucosal retention and minimal systemic absorption. Recent innovations integrate these NPs into versatile platforms such as <i>in-situ</i> gelling systems, bioadhesive films, microneedles, vaginal rings and electrospun nanofibers. These specialized platforms have demonstrated superior user acceptance, stability and pharmacokinetics compared to traditional vaginal formulations. Cell-based HIV challenge models using engineered TZM-bl and PHA-stimulated PBMCs have emerged as reliable in silico tools for evaluation of viral inhibition, cytotoxicity, and mucosal interaction of NPs. This review critically highlights recent advances in intravaginal polymeric NP-based carrier systems for effective and sustained HIV prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":15573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Targeting","volume":" ","pages":"1-39"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Avinash Khadela, Kashvy R Morakhia, Nishra H Shah, Vibha G Kanjani, Vraj B Shah, Hetvi B Bharadia, Rushabh Kothari, Manthan Merja
{"title":"Sacituzumab Govitecan in HER2-Negative Breast Cancer: Redefining Treatment Paradigms.","authors":"Avinash Khadela, Kashvy R Morakhia, Nishra H Shah, Vibha G Kanjani, Vraj B Shah, Hetvi B Bharadia, Rushabh Kothari, Manthan Merja","doi":"10.1080/1061186X.2025.2525372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1061186X.2025.2525372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human epidermal growth factor 2-negative breast cancer (HER2-BC) is characterized by the lack of HER2 amplification and encompasses triple-negative breast cancer and hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative breast cancer. Triple-negative breast cancer is distinguished by a total lack of estrogen and progesterone receptors, along with the lack of HER2 amplification. While hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative breast cancer is marked by expression of estrogen receptors with or without progesterone receptors. The major drawback of triple-negative breast cancer is the lack of an enforceable biomarker, and that of hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative breast cancer is endocrine therapy resistance. Consequently, these therapeutic failures result in relapse/recurrence, disease progression, and ultimately a poor prognosis. Sacituzumab govitecan is a novel 3<sup>rd</sup> generation antibody-drug conjugate that selectively blocks trophoblast cell-surface antigen-2, a highly expressed protein in HER2-BC. This review elaborates on the shortcomings of the standard therapeutic regimens in HER2-BC and the role of Sacituzumab govitecan in addressing these limitations. Clinical trials proposing its application in locally advanced HER2-BC have also been included. Furthermore, clinical trials showcasing the combination of Sacituzumab govitecan with numerous therapeutic modalities improving patient survival and quality of life in metastatic disease have also been included in the text.</p>","PeriodicalId":15573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Targeting","volume":" ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emerging role of gene therapy in immune modulation and beta-cell preservation in Type 1 diabetes.","authors":"Rahul Mittal, Vedaant Mutha, Eavin A Valerio, Krish Hirani, Giuliana Arevalo, Ayushi Panchal, Mannat Mittal, Joana Rn Lemos, Khemraj Hirani","doi":"10.1080/1061186X.2025.2522869","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1061186X.2025.2522869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterised by the destruction of insulin-producing β cells, which leads to chronic hyperglycaemia and lifelong insulin dependence. Despite advances in diabetes care, achieving optimal glucose control and preventing complications remains a challenge. Gene therapy has emerged as a transformative approach, targeting the underlying mechanisms of β-cell destruction and immune dysregulation. Studies have suggested the feasibility of using viral vectors, such as adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) and lentiviruses, to deliver genes aimed at preserving pancreatic function and restoring immune balance. Innovative strategies, including CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing and non-viral delivery systems, offer promise for addressing safety and efficacy challenges. This systematic review aims to evaluate the current state of gene therapy in T1D, focusing on findings from preclinical studies and ongoing clinical trials. It explores key approaches, such as β-cell regeneration, immune tolerance induction, and metabolic regulation, while critically assessing challenges related to delivery efficiency, long-term effects, and scalability. By synthesising existing evidence, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the progress and obstacles in translating gene therapy into a viable treatment for T1D, highlighting future directions to accelerate clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":15573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Targeting","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/1061186X.2025.2522505","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1061186X.2025.2522505","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Targeting","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144368882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haolong Qi, Yingjie Geng, Yuan Li, Yanqing Wu, Xiaoqing Cai
{"title":"The hybrid nano-platform based on ZIF-8 realises the synergistic therapy of tumour chemo-immunotherapy.","authors":"Haolong Qi, Yingjie Geng, Yuan Li, Yanqing Wu, Xiaoqing Cai","doi":"10.1080/1061186X.2025.2519602","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1061186X.2025.2519602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunotherapy has attracted widespread attention as a new tumour treatment method. Because of the low response rate, immunotherapy is only effective for some patients. With the continuous exploration of tumour immunity, the concept of immunogenic cell death (ICD) has brought new vitality to many cancer treatment methods, including chemotherapy. However, the immune effect of ICD induced by chemotherapy is often influenced by immune cell types, the tumour microenvironment, and other factors. Based on this, we constructed a hybrid nano-platform based on ZIF-8 to realise chemo-immunotherapy for tumour treatment by loading the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX), the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor 1-methyltryptophan (1MT), and the immune adjuvant CpG. In order to ensure the smooth arrival of the nanoparticles at the tumour site, carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) was introduced for surface modification to enhance the stability of the nanoparticles <i>in vivo</i>. The hybrid nano-platform not only successfully induced ICD in tumour cells but also achieved an 85.6% inhibition rate in the 4T1 tumour model, proving its excellent tumour-killing ability. In conclusion, the successful construction of the hybrid nano-platform provides a new idea and method for multi-modal combined therapy of tumours.</p>","PeriodicalId":15573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Targeting","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel mucoadhesive phytic acid grafted chitosan nanocarrier encapsulated with cisplatin for site-specific cervical cancer therapy: <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> assessments.","authors":"Ivy Saha, Jitu Halder, Tushar Kanti Rajwar, Vineet Kumar Rai, Deepak Pradhan, Ajit Mishra, Ritu Mahanty, Priyanka Dash, Chandan Das, Bibhanwita Satpathy, Salim Manoharadas, Subramanian Palanisamy, Saurjit Mohapatra, Biswakanth Kar, Goutam Ghosh, Goutam Rath","doi":"10.1080/1061186X.2025.2519599","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1061186X.2025.2519599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A mucoadhesive vaginal drug delivery system offers a promising strategy to mitigate chemotherapy-associated systemic toxicity in cervical cancer (CC). Metalloenzymes like superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and catalase are responsible for maintaining oxidant-antioxidant balance in cancer cells. The present study proposed a new approach to prepare cisplatin-loaded phytic acid crosslinked chitosan nanoparticles (CisPANP). CisPANP exhibited a particle size (PS) of 278.24 ± 15.64 nm with a zeta potential of +39 ± 2.46 mV. The nanoparticles demonstrated a sustained drug release behaviour, i.e. 86.85 ± 6.38% drug was released in 24 h. CisPANP were observed to significantly downregulate the expression of SOD and catalase by 3.5 and 1.7-fold, respectively, as compared to untreated cells. CisPANP further increased ROS level and inhibited HeLa cell viability. The <i>in vivo</i> anti-cancer efficacy of CisPANP was evaluated in EAC cell line-induced CC mice model. The tumour volume in CisPANP was significantly reduced as compared to pure cisplatin (pure Cis). CisPANP was well-retained making Cis available in the vagina. From the histopathology, significant adverse effects were not observed in the surrounding tissue of tumour treated with CisPANP, indicating its safety. From the observations of the present investigation, CisPANP could serve as a potential candidate for the localised treatment of CC.</p>","PeriodicalId":15573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Targeting","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144325922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatemeh Zali, Mohammad Ahmadi, Mohammad Ahmadyousefi, Alisa Khodadadi Kohlan, Neda Alizadeh, Meysam Soleimani
{"title":"Enhancing chemotherapy for colorectal cancer: EGFR-conjugated ferritin nanocages for targeted doxorubicin delivery.","authors":"Fatemeh Zali, Mohammad Ahmadi, Mohammad Ahmadyousefi, Alisa Khodadadi Kohlan, Neda Alizadeh, Meysam Soleimani","doi":"10.1080/1061186X.2025.2517648","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1061186X.2025.2517648","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biomimetic nanoparticles, exemplified by ferritin, have emerged as a novel approach in drug delivery systems, designed to improve both the biocompatibility of drugs and their targeting. The clinical application of doxorubicin (Dox) is impeded by systemic toxicity and multidrug resistance, emphasising the necessity for innovative delivery platforms. In this research, we proposed the hypothesis that a protein-based nanocage, decorated with an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) peptide as a targeting ligand on its surface, has the potential to enhance the targeted delivery of Dox while reducing systemic toxicity. <i>In vitro</i> studies with the CT26 murine colorectal cancer (CRC) cell line demonstrate marked toxicity and suppression of cell migration, indicating the potential of these nanocages to inhibit metastasis. <i>In vivo</i> experiments using established tumour-bearing mice further confirm the therapeutic efficacy of these nanocages, showing a significant reduction in tumour growth, prolonged survival and diminished systemic toxicity compared to free Dox. In addition, cytokine analysis underscored the immunomodulatory capabilities of M1-linker-QRH in the context of cancer treatment. By addressing critical challenges in drug delivery, this platform holds promise for advancing precision oncology and improving clinical outcomes for patients with CRC.</p>","PeriodicalId":15573,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Targeting","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}