Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Traditional alternative and complementary medicine: a review of undergraduate courses and curricula in Peru.","authors":"Juan Huaccho-Rojas, Leonardo J Uribe-Cavero, Angie Diaz-Mejía, Mabel R Challapa-Mamani, Marisella Chumán-Sánchez, Oswaldo N Vite-Gutierrez, Jeremy Yauri-Mamani, Omar C Bellota-Segovia, Paula Regina Durand-Anahua, Yahaira M Mamani-Ticona, Zulema Mamani-Condori, Kelly Alarcon-Ore, Kevin Anthony Martínez-Solís, Jair Noé Navarro-Cahuaza, Dante M Quiñones-Laveriano, Martha Villar-López","doi":"10.1515/jcim-2024-0416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2024-0416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Traditional, Alternative, and Complementary Medicine (T&CM) encompasses a variety of health practices that differ from the conventional medical system, including the use of medicinal herbs and complementary therapies. In Peru, these practices, particularly the use of therapeutic plants, are legally protected and commonly used for treating certain conditions. However, the lack of inclusion of T&CM in medical education puts these practices at risk of disappearing.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To analyze the inclusion of T&CM courses in the curricula of medical schools in Peru to identify gaps and opportunities for improving medical education and ensuring comprehensive training for future healthcare professionals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing the curricula of 47 Peruvian medical schools. Data on the presence, structure, and content of T&CM courses were extracted and analyzed descriptively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2024, 15 out of 47 Peruvian universities offering Human Medicine programs (31.9 %) included T&CM courses. Among them, 73 % were public institutions, and 53 % were located in coastal regions. The most common topics were Traditional Chinese Medicine (93.3 %), Traditional Peruvian Medicine (87 %), phytotherapy (93 %), and acupuncture (80 %). Course structure varied: 60 % of courses were elective, while 40 % were mandatory. Most universities (93 %) allocated 2-3 academic credits, and 80 % incorporated practical training, though structured field visits were rare (6.7 %). Additionally, 53 % of universities included research activities. The lack of standardized curricular guidelines led to variability in course content and depth across institutions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Few universities in Peru teach T&CM, highlighting a need to enhance medical education. Increasing T&CM topics in curricula and addressing information access disparities are crucial.</p>","PeriodicalId":15556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of <i>Dracaena arborea</i> (Dracaenaceae) on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats.","authors":"Liliane Mireille Tchoumba Tchoumi, William Yousseu Nana, Gonzal Eric Tsafack, Stephanie Flore Nguemnang Djuichou, Melvine Dorelle Djomo Tchokote, Cécile Evodie Tonpouwo, Thierry Parfait Elomo Assomo, Marius Mbiantcha, Gilbert Ateufack","doi":"10.1515/jcim-2025-0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2025-0101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Ulcerative colitis, with a complex and poorly understood aetiology, is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon. Current therapies present many side effects and lack efficiency. This study aimed to assess the healing properties of aqueous and ethanolic extracts from the roots of <i>Dracaena arborea</i> on ulcerative colitis induced in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Acetic acid (4 %) was injected (intrarectal) to induce colitis. Prednisolone (20 mg/kg), aqueous (500 mg/kg) and ethanolic (100 mg/kg) extracts were administered orally. Clinical parameters were measured through stool consistency, relative body mass, mass-to-length ratio, macroscopic alterations of the colon, and serum and haematological parameters. Oxidative stress markers (in both serum and tissue) and anti-inflammatory parameters were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that both extracts significantly reduced diarrhea severity, ulcer scores, and prevented the reduction in the colon mass/length ratio. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts significantly increased red blood cell count and haematocrit percentage, as well significantly reducing white blood cell, lymphocyte, monocyte, and granulocyte counts. Regarding oxidative stress markers, in both serum and tissue, the extracts significantly reduced MDA concentrations while increasing GSH concentrations, SOD and catalase activities. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts also significantly reduced NO concentrations and MPO activity. Only the ethanolic extract significantly inhibited TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β production. Additionally, both extracts exhibited reparative effects on intestinal epithelium by activating tissue regeneration mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that <i>D. arborea</i> possessed anti-colitis effects in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":15556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isojamaicin, one of the isoflavonoids from <i>Millettia griffoniana</i> Baill (Fabaceae) has anticancer effect on human prostate cancer cells.","authors":"Jordan Lembe Tonga, Michael Herman K Kamdem, Roland Nhouma Rebe, Edwin M Mmutlane, Maurice Fotsing Tagatsing, Emmanuel Yankep, Dieudonne Njamen, Stephane Zingue, Derek Tantoh Ndinteh","doi":"10.1515/jcim-2024-0322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2024-0322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The incidence of cancer, a second leading cause of death globally, continues to rise steadily, and could reach 28.4 million cases by 2040, if no action is taken. Prostate cancer, the second most common cancer in men globally following lung cancer, accounted for 1,414,259 new cases and led to 375,304 deaths in 2022. Chemotherapy and surgery remain the major treatments however, they are associated with side effects. In this study, the anticancer potentials of ten (10) isoflavonoids from <i>Millettia griffoniana</i> Bail was explored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Anti-cell growth (MTT), proliferative (CCK-8) and clonogenic effects of these isoflavonoids were investigated. Furthermore, the most potent compound (isojamaicin) was investigated for its potential to induce apoptosis, inhibit cell migration/invasion and cell adhesion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 10 isoflavonoids isolated from <i>M. griffoniana</i>, isojamaicin significantly inhibited PC3 and LNCaP cell growth and proliferation in a concentration dependent manner. It also significantly (p<0.001) inhibited PC3 cell clone formation. It induced a potent (near 40 %) increment of apoptotic cell population in PC3 cells at both 30 and 60 μg/mL; which was followed by a notable increase in caspase-3 activity. Isojamaicin induced potent inhibition of PC3 cell invasion/migration and increased adhesion of PC3 cells to the extracellular matrix (collagen).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides an unprecedented report of the anti-prostate cancer potential of isojamaicin and its possible underlying mechanisms. It merits further <i>in vivo</i> research to support the <i>in vitro</i> findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":15556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of evening primrose oil on treating painful diabetic neuropathy: a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial.","authors":"Ayub Gholami, Neda Koulaeinejad, Mehrali Rahimi","doi":"10.1515/jcim-2025-0054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2025-0054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Diabetic neuropathy results in chronic pain. Traditional treatments often offer limited relief, prompting the exploration of alternative therapies like Evening Primrose Oil (EPO). This study aimed to assess the efficacy of EPO in the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this interventional clinical trial, Patients were randomly assigned to three groups. Group A, consisted of 24 patients, received 1,000 mg of EPO soft gel capsules every 12 h. Group B, consisted of 21 patients, received 1,000 mg of EPO soft gel capsules daily. Group C, also with 21 patients, was divided so that half of the patients received placebo capsules daily and the other half every 12 h. After 4 weeks, patients returned, and questionnaires were completed. Statistical analysis of the data was conducted using SPSS version 25.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Groups A and B showed significant reductions in visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, with Group A achieving the most improvement (mean pre-test: 5.96; post-test: 4.63). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed significant differences in post-intervention scores (p<0.001) for VAS and Neuropathy total symptom score-6 (NTSS-6), indicating effective interventions. Treatment A was more effective than Treatment B for reducing pain (VAS mean difference= -0.52; p=0.044) and McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) scores (mean difference= -9.56; p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>EPO could serve as a valuable alternative therapy for managing painful diabetic neuropathy with fewer side effects than traditional treatments. Further research is warranted to validate these results and explore EPO treatment long-term efficacy and safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":15556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening the Larvicidal effect of <i>Dawa-e-Hilteet</i> using Instar larvae.","authors":"Asiya Rashid, Ghulamuddin Sofi","doi":"10.1515/jcim-2024-0461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2024-0461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Mosquitoes are the most common vector for transmitting causative agents from an infectious source to a susceptible host. The key tool for preventing the spread of infection is vector control. Mosquito control is achieved by a variety of means, including personal protection, the use of synthetic insecticides, and so on. Mosquito resistance to chemical insecticides has resulted in mosquito control failure all over the world. This study was done to evaluate the mosquito larvicide effect of <i>Dawa-e-Hilteet</i> to develop an effective herbal alternative for mosquito control.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five different concentrations of <i>Dawa-e-Hilteet</i> in the range of 25-125 ppm were taken and subjected to bioassay against late third instar larvae of <i>Anopheles stephensi</i>. After 24 h, mortality response was observed and compared with Neem seeds extract. Log probit regression analysis was applied to the mortality data to calculate the median lethal concentrations LC50 and LC90 for the larvae subjected to the treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>91 % mortality in larvae of Female <i>A. stephensi</i> was recorded at 125 ppm of <i>Dawa-e-Hilteet</i>. The mortality percentage increased with the increase in concentration. Hydro alcoholic extract of <i>Dawa-e-Hilteet</i> revealed LC50 value at 66.799 ppm and LC90 value at 119.709 ppm.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><i>Dawa-e-Hilteet</i> extract exhibited larvicidal activity against late third instar larvae of Female <i>A. stephensi</i> and was found to be more potent than Neem extract.</p>","PeriodicalId":15556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From ancient wisdom to modern practices: transformative potential of digital health innovations in advancing traditional medicine.","authors":"Jeremy Y Ng, Ioannis Dimitriou, Bala Pesala, Maki Kajiwara, Geetha Krishnan Gopalakrishna Pillai","doi":"10.1515/jcim-2025-0128","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jcim-2025-0128","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"209-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of spilanthol (SA3X) supplementation on muscle size and strength in healthy men - a randomized parallel-group placebo-controlled trial.","authors":"Kumar Guru Mishra, Nabnita Patnaik, Nihar Ranjan Pradhan","doi":"10.1515/jcim-2024-0272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2024-0272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the effects of daily spilanthol (SA3X) supplementation over three months on muscle metrics and hormonal profiles in healthy males.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 546 participants were randomized into SA3X or placebo groups, with or without structured exercise. Muscle size (mid-arm, chest, thigh circumference) and strength (bench-press, squatting) were measured pre- and post-intervention. Serum testosterone (total and free), estradiol, and SHBG levels were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the participants in the exercise groups, those given SA3X had significant increases than those given placebo in terms of muscle size - mid-arm muscle circumference (10.54 vs. 7.21 cm; p<0.05), chest circumference (15.23 vs. 10.82; p<0.05) and thigh circumference (change in quadriceps area, 12.84 vs. 9.01 cm; p<0.05) and significant increases in strength in the bench-press (85.01 vs. 65.09 kg, p<0.05) and squatting exercises (155.04 vs. 95.06 kg, p<0.05). The participants assigned to the SA3X-no-exercise group had significant increases in muscle size than those assigned to the placebo-no-exercise group (p<0.05). A significant increase was also observed in total and free testosterone levels in SA3X group as compared to placebo (p<0.05). No significant increase was seen in estradiol levels. No significant adverse effects were observed among the participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SA3X supplementation significantly enhanced muscle size, strength, and testosterone levels in exercising participants compared to placebo, with additional benefits observed even without exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":15556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of mangosteen as local drug delivery for improving periodontal health in adults with periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Konathala Sv Ramesh, Koruprolu Ramalaxmi, Naga Vsg Sruthima, Pasupuleti Swetha, Budumuru Anil, Mettapalli PhaniKumar, Gurindapalli Nissi, Chennamsetti Sahithiprabha","doi":"10.1515/jcim-2024-0463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2024-0463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mangosteen (<i>Garcinia mangostana</i> L.) has garnered attention for its diverse health benefits, including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties. These therapeutic effects play a central role in the pathophysiology of many conditions. Periodontal disease, a chronic inflammatory disorder of the tooth-supporting structures, is primarily caused by biofilm-forming bacteria. This systematic review focuses on the effectiveness of mangosteen in local drug delivery (LDD) for the management of periodontitis. An electronic search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, and Scopus. Cohen's Kappa coefficient was used to evaluate inter-rater agreement, and the risk of bias was assessed. A random-effects model and heterogeneity were examined using I² statistics, while funnel plots were used to detect publication bias. Clinical outcomes, including periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL), were extracted from RCTs comparing Mangosteen LDD to placebo or conventional therapies. The analysis revealed a significant reduction in PPD (effect size = -1.08, 95 % CI: -1.40, -0.77) and CAL (effect size = -0.96, 95 % CI: -1.80, -0.13) in the mangosteen-treated group. These findings suggest that mangosteen gel as an LDD can offer substantial clinical benefits by reducing PPD and CAL, thereby improving overall periodontal health. PROSPERO registration link https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024618658.</p>","PeriodicalId":15556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Induction of mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis, activation of mitochondrial ATPase and cytochrome c release by the methanol extract of <i>Funtumia elastica</i> stem bark.","authors":"Fatima B Musa, Tolulope A Oyedeji, Adeola O Olowofolahan, Hammed O Faleke, Olufunso O Olorunsogo","doi":"10.1515/jcim-2024-0326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2024-0326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Natural compounds that can induce the opening of the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (MMPT) pore may be useful therapeutic agents in treating diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction e.g. cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. This pore represents a promising target for therapeutic intervention. Therefore, this study investigated the potential of the methanol extract of <i>Funtumia elastica</i> stem bark on the MMPT pore, mitochondrial ATPase (mATPase), cytochrome c release (cyt c), and mitochondrial lipid peroxidation (mLPO) in rat liver.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male Wistar rats (100-120 g) were used in this study. Differential centrifugation was used to isolate mitochondria from rat liver. MMPT pore opening, mATPase activity, cyt c, and mLPO were assayed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicate that the methanol extract of <i>F. elastica</i> induced MMPT pore opening in the absence of calcium ions. Also, in the presence of calcium ions, the extract significantly (p<0.05) reversed the opening of the MMPT pore by 21.0, 30.0, 34.0, and 38.0 % at 12, 36, 60, and 84 μg/mL, respectively. The extract activated mitochondrial ATPase activity significantly (p<0.05) compared to the control. The extract elevated cytochrome c release with increasing extract concentration relative to the control. The extract also inhibited iron-induced mitochondrial lipid peroxidation by 29.0, 38.7, 59.9, 83.0, and 87.0 % at 150, 300, 600, 1,200, and 2,400 μg/mL, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results showed that the methanol extract of <i>F. elastica</i> contains potent phytochemicals that can trigger MMPT pore opening, activate mATPase, cyt c, and inhibit mLPO. This extract may find use in diseases associated with apoptosis dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":15556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apitherapy for drug-induced kidney disease: a narrative review on its mechanisms.","authors":"Andrés Jagua-Gualdrón, Nicolai Andrés García-Reyes, Holman Leonardo Africano-Lopez","doi":"10.1515/jcim-2025-0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2025-0082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The use of medications for the treatment of various diseases often results in kidney damage. Apitherapy is a natural therapeutic tool with potential utility for this purpose. This narrative review analyzes and summarizes the scientific evidence on the use of apitherapy in drug-induced kidney disease.</p><p><strong>Content: </strong>This review summarizes and analyzes recent advances in drug-induced kidney disease and explores, based on the available scientific evidence, how apitherapy can modify these mechanisms and be utilized for prevention and treatment.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Apitherapy (the complementary and integrative use of beehive products) is a potentially useful therapeutic system for the treatment of various diseases. This review examines the preclinical and clinical evidence available regarding its potential use in drug-induced kidney disease.</p><p><strong>Outlook: </strong>Apitherapy has effects on various pathophysiological mechanisms of drug-induced kidney disease, including oxidative stress, inflammation, decreased renal blood flow, glomerular damage, increased membrane permeability, activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. Further studies in humans are needed to evaluate its efficacy in the clinical setting, but the available evidence is promising.</p>","PeriodicalId":15556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}