Nigerian Journal of Dental Research最新文献

{"title":"Facial Profile and Characteristics of Occlusal Features in Primary Dentition among Children Aged 2-5 Years in Southern Nigeria","authors":"P. Ogordi","doi":"10.4314/njdr.v8i2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njdr.v8i2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the facial profile and characteristic features of occlusion in primary dentition among paediatric dental patients in a teaching hospital in Southern Nigeria. \u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study comprising 224 children aged 2 to 5 years who visited the paediatric dental clinic over one year with the full complements of their primary dentition. All the children were screened for molar and canine relations, overjet, overbite, anthropoid and developmental spaces, as well as their facial profiles, and the data were recorded. Data were analyzed using statistical software (SPSS version 21.0, Chicago). The Chi-square test analyzed categorical data with a level of significance for all statistical tests set at a probability value of less than 0.05. \u0000Results: Bilateral flush terminal plane molar relationship was the most prevalent in 126(56%), followed by the mesial step 84(37.5%). Molar relationship and gender were statistically significant (P= 0.001). Bilateral canine class I was the most common relationship in 189(84.4%), bilateral normal overjet in 191(85.3%) and bilateral normal overbite in 183(81.7%). The majority of the developmental spaces were in the maxilla 136(60.7%) and mostly among males (69%); this was statistically significant (p=0.023). Anthropoid spaces were most prevalent in the maxilla 198(88.4%) and among males (94%), which was statistically significant (p=0.019). Straight facial profile was the most common profile 147(65.6%), although more in males (67%), it was not statistically significant (p=0.823). \u0000Conclusion: The study's most prevalent facial and occlusal characteristics were the straight facial profile, bilateral flush terminal relationship, class 1 canine, normal overjet, normal overbite, and maxillary anthropoid and developmental spaces. Revealed in this study were mostly desirable occlusal features but with some occlusal characteristics that deviate from the norm. \u0000","PeriodicalId":155489,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Dental Research","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114901502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and Attitude of Specialist Hospital Health Care Workers to Dental Services in Benin City.","authors":"Uyiosa Julia, Paul Eregie, Erhabor, P. Erhabor","doi":"10.4314/njdr.v8i2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njdr.v8i2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To examine the knowledge and attitude to dental services among Health Care Workers in a specialist hospital setting. \u0000Methods: This descriptive study was carried out among all cadres of workers in Edo Specialist Hospital (ESH); a government-owned secondary health facility located in Benin City. A structured online questionnaire created using Google forms was used to collect data anonymously from participants. The online form extracted information on demographic characteristics, oral health awareness, pattern of dental visits, and utilization of dental services at Edo Specialist Hospital. The data obtained were analysed using SPSS version 26.0 for frequency distribution and cross tabulation. Test for statistical significance was done using chi-square statistics. \u0000Results: Majority of the participants had never visited a dentist before (59, 54.6%). Majority (48, 44.4%) of the respondents reported that they had not seen the need to visit. Among the respondents, the commonest reasons for previous dental visits were toothache (15, 13.9%) and Stains and deposits on the teeth (13, 12.0%). Majority (76, 70.4%) of respondents had a good or fair understanding of the causes of dental caries. All participants (108,100%) were aware that there was a dental clinic at Edo Specialist Hospital (ESH). However, majority (86, 79.6%) had never visited it. Among the respondents, the commonest reason given for not attending the dental clinic at ESH was that they never saw the need to visit (54, 50.0%). On the other hand, the commonest reasons given for visiting the dental clinic at ESH were toothache (12, 11.2%) and Stains and deposits on the teeth (5, 4.7%). There was a significant relationship between the Staff cadre and previous dental visits. \u0000Conclusion: Knowledge of dental care and service utilization was poor. Clinically indicated dental visit was seen among healthcare workers in a specialist healthcare facility \u0000  \u0000dental clinic","PeriodicalId":155489,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Dental Research","volume":"275 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115943214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Giant Cell Fibroma in an Elderly Woman: A Report of a Rare, Late and Unusually Large Presentation","authors":"R. Oluwakuyide, B.O. Castano, A. Akinshipo, A. Ayodele","doi":"10.4314/njdr.v8i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njdr.v8i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundGiant cell fibroma (GCF) is a rare benign oral fibrous lesion which is predominantly found in the mandible of Caucasians but rarely in the maxilla and black population above the third decade of life. \u0000Objective: To draw the attention of clinicians to a rare, late and unusually large presentation of Giant Cell Fibroma \u0000Case report: The index case was a 68-year-old fisherwoman with a ten-year-old slow-growing painless swelling occupying the left anterior maxilla. The lesion crossed the midline to the right causing incompetent lips and teeth displacement leading to aesthetics and functional problems. Upon clinical examination, a provisional diagnosis of peripheral giant cell granuloma was made. Radiological essentially revealed a soft tissue mass, histopathological evaluations confirmed the diagnosis of GCF and the patient was prepared for surgical excision. A surgical excision of the soft tissue mass and peripheral ostectomy was performed. \u0000Conclusion: GCF has distinct histopathologic features occurring in any age, race, site and decades of life; growing very large causing aesthetics and functional problems. Immunohistochemistry if available is an additional resource to unequivocally establish the diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":155489,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Dental Research","volume":"51 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128628761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Socioeconomic Class on Oral Healthcare Practices and Oral Health Status of Secondary School Students in Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"U. Egbunah, O. Sofola, O. Uti","doi":"10.4314/njdr.v8i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njdr.v8i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Secondary school students are at a crucial stage in their life where decisions on oral health transit from the role of parents/guardians to their sole responsibility. Understanding factors that influence their oral healthcare practices is of paramount importance. Socioeconomic class (SEC) has been suggested to have a varied effect on oral health.Objective: To determine the effect of SEC on the oral healthcare practices and oral health status of secondary school students \u0000Methods: The research was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Information collected via a self-administered questionnaire included socio-demographic characteristics, SEC, oral hygiene practices, dietary habits, oral healthcare utilization and oral health perception. \u0000Results: A total of 370 students with mean age 15.0+1.44 participated in the study. SEC distribution was low class 32%, middle class 55%; high class 13%. There were significant associations between high SEC and twice-daily tooth brushing (p<0.05), frequent change of toothbrush (p<0.05), use of dental floss (p<0.05), consumption of carbonated drinks (p<0.05), low oral hygiene index score (p<0.05), high caries experience (p<0.005) and high oral healthcare utilization (p<0.05). \u0000Conclusion: Higher SEC is associated with better oral hygiene and oral hygiene practices, poorer dietary habits and higher caries experience.","PeriodicalId":155489,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Dental Research","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125643553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Health Knowledge Attitude and Behaviour among Secondary School Children – a quasi-experimental study.","authors":"H. Igbinedion, E. Akaji, F. Chukwuneke, U. Ezeoke, E. B. Igbinedion","doi":"10.4314/njdr.v8i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njdr.v8i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Improving oral health knowledge is considered to be a prerequisite for oral health-related behaviour. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of an oral health education package (OHE package) on oral health knowledge, attitude and practices of senior secondary school students. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study where schools (experimental and control) were selected in Abakaliki urban area. Baseline data on oral health knowledge, attitude, and behaviour were collected from both groups with an intervention in the experimental group in the form of an OHE package but none in the control. Another set of data was collected from both groups after four months. Knowledge was rated high or low, attitude was rated good or poor, and behaviour was rated good or poor. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed; while chi-square statistics and fisher exact tests were used for comparisons. The significance for all tests was set at ≤ 0.05. Results: Both groups had a good knowledge of oral health at baseline with significant improvements in the experimental group on all the knowledge questions following the OHE package (p < 0.05). Overall attitude in the experimental group improved by 68.1% (p = 0.000). Also, there were signs of progress in the behavioral assessments, however, the overall practice level of the experimental group increased marginally by 6.85% (p = 0.006).Conclusion: The OHE package improved the oral health knowledge, attitude, and behaviour of the participants considerably. There were positive behavioral outcomes although not commensurate with the level of attitudes improved. To consolidate the gains of this study, regular interventional programmes in the schools, which for emphasis, could be taken further into their curricula are recommended. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":155489,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Dental Research","volume":"10 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124428274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Buffering of Local Anaesthesia in Dentistry: A Review","authors":"B. Mujtaba, R. Braimah","doi":"10.4314/njdr.v8i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njdr.v8i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Local anaesthetics (LA) constitutes one of the most important aspects of pain management in dentistry. It is currently being stored and marketed in an acidic form to maximize stability, and water solubility and prolong shelf life. However, acidic local anaesthetic solution has been associated with certain disadvantages including the slow onset of action and, pain during its administration. Buffering of the local anaesthetics has been documented to decrease the pain of injection and, shorten the onset time of the anaesthesia thereby, providing more comfortable and reliable anaesthesia. Objective: To present a review of local anaesthetic buffering in dentistryData Sources: PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL and, MEDLINE databases were searched without a date limit. The phrases “local anaesthetic buffering” and Alkalinisation of local anaesthetics” were used to find articles related to local anaesthetic buffering.Study Selection: A total of 24 publications were included in this review and, buffering agents, mechanisms, methods and, benefits of local anaesthetic buffering were discussed.Finding: There was a paucity of literature on the effect of buffering on the duration of action of local anaesthetics. Conclusion: Dental professionals are advised to adopt chair-side buffering of LA to increase patient confidence and acceptance of dental treatment. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":155489,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Dental Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128443924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of the presentations and treatment of oral pigmentation.","authors":"M. Okoh, D. Okoh","doi":"10.4314/njdr.v8i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njdr.v8i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundOral pigmentation can be either normal or abnormal discolouration of the oral mucosa. \u0000Objective: To help clinicians establish a better approach towards the care of patients with pigmented oral lesions and to establish early diagnosis and treatment of such conditions. \u0000Data source: Works of literature concerning oral pigmentations, clinical features and treatment were reviewed thoroughly from renowned electronic databases such as PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library and personal clinical experience in managing such conditions. The following words were used for the search: oral pigmentation, aetiology, and clinical presentations. \u0000Findings: Oral pigmentation presents in various clinical patterns that can range from just physiologic changes to oral manifestations of systemic diseases and malignancies. Oral pigmentation may be physiological or pathological. Knowledge of the different presentations of oral pigmented lesions is quite crucial to improve and mastering the skill of differential diagnosis, definitive diagnosis and prompt treatment. The deposition of pigments in oral tissues may be due to various etiological factors. It can arise from intrinsic and extrinsic factors and can be physiological or pathological. \u0000Conclusion: A good understanding of the various presentations of oral pigmented lesions would aid in the proper diagnosis and treatment of the condition. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":155489,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Dental Research","volume":"42 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133570052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Dental Caries Among Children and Young Adults with Disabilities Attending a Special Needs School in Sokoto, Nigeria","authors":"M. Ogbeide, Gabriel Ogbebor, S. Okeigbemen, Abdurrazaq Taiwo","doi":"10.4314/njdr.v7i2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njdr.v7i2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the prevalence of dental caries among children and young adults with disabilities attending a special needs school in Sokoto, Nigeria. \u0000Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey among children and young adults with disabilities attending a special needs school in Sokoto, Nigeria. Data collected were the social demographic and dental caries status of the participants. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0. The socio-demographic characteristics, as well as the dental caries prevalence of the participants, were determined using descriptive statistics. The results were presented in frequency tables and charts. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. \u0000Results: Prevalence of caries was 35.6%. Participants with hearing impairment had the highest caries prevalence (16.5%, n= 39). The highest caries prevalence per age group was amongst the 20 years and above age group (50.0%), followed by the 6-12year old group (46.2%). The Pearson chi-square test result for prevalence per age group was statistically significant (p= 0.029). Analysis by grade (class) showed a higher prevalence in the primary school section (39.3%) than in the secondary school section. \u0000Conclusion: The prevalence of dental caries was 35.6%.  It was significantly higher in the hearing and intellectually impaired groups than in their visually and physically impaired counterparts. Also, it was higher among the age group 20 years and above than in other age groups. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":155489,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Dental Research","volume":"216 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122386693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Considerations in Complications Arising from the Management of Pemphigus Vulgaris: A Case Report","authors":"Izegboya V Ukpebor, M. Okoh, Nonso Emmanuel Onyia, Eze Stephen Nwauzor","doi":"10.4314/njdr.v7i2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njdr.v7i2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This paper reports a case of pemphigus vulgaris in a middle-aged male with oral lesions and skin eruptions \u0000Objective: To highlight the complications of prolonged steroid therapy. \u0000Case Report \u0000A 48-year old male presented with an eight-month history of recurrent mouth ulcers. There was positive history of cutaneous ulcers on the upper extremities, back and genital areas. Patient had been placed on long term steroid therapy prescribed by general practitioners. General examination showed bilateral pitting pedal oedema, moon face and low blood pressure. Intra-oral examination revealed multiple irregular shaped ulcers and erosions with erythematous floor on the buccal mucosa, labial mucosa, floor of the mouth, soft palate and anterior pillar fauces. The dorsum of the tongue had areas of ulcerations with necrotic slough. An impression of pemphigus vulgaris was made based on high index of clinical suspicion and patient was commenced on azathioprine 50mg and prednisolone 40mg daily for a week. Topical use of clobetasol ointment (0.05%) was also commenced to be applied twice daily. There was improvement with the oral lesions on a one-week review. The dose of prednisolone was then stepped down to 20mg daily for one week and 0.2% chlorhexidine mouth rinse twice daily was introduced. \u0000Punch biopsy of an intact labial mucosa was done on a subsequent visit and histopathology examination confirmed the diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris. Patient was referred to the cardiologist on account of the hypotension and bilateral pedal oedema which was suggestive of complications of long-standing steroid use. \u0000Patient was placed on maintenance dose of prednisolone 10mg and azathioprine 50mg daily, and topical steroid oral rinse. \u0000Conclusion: This study reports a case of pemphigus vulgaris with oral and skin lesions in a middle-aged male. Patient developed some complications due to the prolonged duration of steroid therapy. Regular patient monitoring, adjustment of steroid therapy combined with adjuncts like steroid-sparing drugs are essential to minimizing the steroid-induced adverse effect","PeriodicalId":155489,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Dental Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131776493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Health Care Workers towards NOMA in a Tertiary Institution in North-western Nigeria","authors":"B. Mujtaba, Chukwuma Benedict Chimezie, R. Braimah, Abdurrazaq Taiwo, Ibikunle Aremu Adebayo, G. U. Ndubuizu, Bruno Ile-Ogedengbe, Rufai Jaafaru, Abubakar M. Kaura, Abubakar Sadeeq Fawa, Yekini Alani","doi":"10.4314/njdr.v7i2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njdr.v7i2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Background: NOMA is a potentially life-threatening necrotizing condition characterized by the destruction of oral and perioral tissues. NOMA is fatal in 90% of cases but the rate is reduced to about 8% with early recognition and treatment. \u0000Objective: To evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices of health workers towards Noma in a tertiary teaching hospital in north-western Nigeria. \u0000Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out among health care personnel using a self-administered questionnaire between October 2019 and February 2020. The questionnaire consisted of 20 questions covering the domains of knowledge and, attitude/practices. The total score for each domain was obtained and then categorized as low (less than or equal to 50%), fair (51 to 69%), and good (70% and above). \u0000Results: A total of 156 respondents filled and returned the questionnaires. Male respondents constituted 103(66%) as against 53(34%) Female respondents. The age range of respondents was 19 –54 years with a mean±SD of 32.8±6.6 years. Out of 156 respondents, 123(78.8%) were aware of Noma. The total score recorded in both the knowledge and attitude/practice domains were 72.5% and 47.5% respectively. \u0000Conclusion: The awareness of Noma among the study population was good. Those that were aware of the disease have good knowledge of it, however, the attitude and practices were low. Therefore, there is a need for continuous medical education among health care workers. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":155489,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Dental Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124271871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}