Nigerian Journal of Dental Research最新文献

{"title":"Public Health Challenges of Restorative Dental Practice in Low Resource Settings during the Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"I. Menakaya, N. Menakaya","doi":"10.4314/njdr.v7i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njdr.v7i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: COVID-19 remains a major public health threat globally, and has challenged healthcare systems and services including oral health \u0000Objective: This study examines the key public health challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic in low resource settings. While healthcare services are learning to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, dental care services, in particular restorative dental practice have been adversely impacted because of the closeness of caregivers to the patient’s mouth as well as the generation of aerosols during most restorative procedures. This presents a challenge for low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) such as Nigeria where weak and poor governance structures characterize healthcare systems in addition to paucity of economic resources. Another challenge in the form of COVID-19 conspiracy theories has threatened to undermine public health efforts designed to control the pandemic. \u0000Conclusion: The implementation of optimal guidelines and safety protocols for effective COVID -19 infection prevention and control is a major challenge for restorative dental care practice in low resource settings owing to paucity of key material resources and inappropriate behaviour associated with lingering doubts about COVID-19 reality among the majority of the populace. The Safer Aerosol-Free Emergent Dentistry concept offers a viable practical approach for restorative dental practice in LMICs during and in the post COVID-19 pandemic era. There is a need to deploy all resources, human and material, in the education and enlightenment of the populace regarding the reality of COVID-19. \u0000, COVID-19 pandemic","PeriodicalId":155489,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Dental Research","volume":"518 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133792104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinico-Pathological Analysis of Osteomyelitis in Cancrum Oris (Noma) Patients Seen in Noma Children Hospital, Northwest Nigeria","authors":"B. Mujtaba, Chukwuma Benedict Chimezie, Aremu Ibikunle Adebayo, Abdurrazaq Taiwo, G. U. Ndubuizu, Abubakar Sadeeq Fawa","doi":"10.4314/njdr.v7i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njdr.v7i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cancrum oris is a rapid and devastating infectious disease of the orofacial region, which can be life threatening in its fulminant stage. Infection of bone (osteomyelitis) is a possible sequelae of Noma (cancrum oris) and is more likely due to late presentation especially in our environment. A literature search revealed scanty research describing osteomyelitis in Noma patients. \u0000Objective: To analyze the clinico–pathology of osteomyelitis in Noma patients diagnosed and treated at Noma Children Hospital, Sokoto. \u0000Methods: The design was a 2-year retrospective study of records of Thirty–two patients who had sequestrectomy secondary to osteomyelitis in Noma (Cancrum oris). Age, gender, jaws affected and side of involvement were analyzed \u0000Results: The age ranged from 2–11 years with mean ±standard deviation 5.47 ± 2.68 years was recorded. Osteomyelitis in Noma patients was found among 17 (53.10%) males compared to 15 (46.90%) females. In 20 (62. 50%) of the cases, anterior maxillary involvement was observed and the remaining 12 (37. 50%) was found at the mandibular posterior region and it is more common on the left side. Result of histopathology showed both acute and chronic inflammatory cells. Necrosis and bone hyperactivity was observed in most of the slides. \u0000Conclusion: Osteomyelitis is a common complication of Noma and its treatment is of paramount importance for adequate management of Noma patients. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":155489,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Dental Research","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132728998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salivary Lactoferrin Levels, Disease Severity and Correlates in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis Presenting to a Tertiary Health Facility in Nigeria.","authors":"Vera E Orhue, A. Ehizele, O. Akhionbare, P. Ojehanon","doi":"10.4314/njdr.v7i1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njdr.v7i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study compared the concentration of salivary lactoferrin in patients with and without chronic periodontitis and investigated correlations with clinical variables of the disease. \u0000Methods: The study included 102 participants (51 cases and 51 controls) who presented at the Periodontology Clinic of University of Benin Teaching Hospital and met the selection criteria of ‘4mm and above’ periodontal probing depths (PPD) and positive bleeding on probing (BOP) using community periodontal index (CPI) probe. Healthy participants (controls) were patients that had PPD less than or equal to 3mm, absence of BOP and simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) not more than 1.2. Baseline OHI-S and CPI scores were recorded. Saliva samples were collected and analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. \u0000Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the mean (SD) lactoferrin concentration of control participants 5.27(0.59) mg/l and case participants 6.74(0.61) mg/l (p<0.001). Participants with probing pocket depths (PPD) of 6mm or more had a significantly higher mean concentration [6.85(0.06) mg/l] than that of those with PPD 4-5mm [6.71(0.67) mg/l] (p < 0.001) Lactoferrin levels were highest in participants with ‘poor’ oral hygiene [6.85(0.60) mg/l] and lowest in those with ‘good’ oral hygiene [6.65(0.83) mg/l]. \u0000Conclusion: Salivary lactoferrin levels were higher among participants with chronic periodontitis than those without chronic periodontitis and correlates positively with the main clinical characteristics of the disease","PeriodicalId":155489,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Dental Research","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116427806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of patients’ compliance to recall visits after tooth extraction at the Dental Centre, University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH): A two-year retrospective study","authors":"O. Omorogbe, Osazee kelvin Orhue, Edorisiagbon Osayande","doi":"10.4314/njdr.v7i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njdr.v7i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aims to evaluate the level of patients’ compliance with recall / follow-up visits attending the dental Centre of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH). \u0000Methods: This study adopted a descriptive retrospective study of case notes retrieved from the medical records department of the dental Centre, University of Benin Teaching Hospital. The period under study covers 2019 to 2021. The data was collected by means of 1232 questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentages. \u0000Results: The result showed that the participants in the age bracket of 18-40 years of age (277) complied better to recall visit in comparison with the study age distributions which are 41-65 years (218) and age above 65 years (188). As per the influence of gender on compliance of patients with post-extraction recall visits, it was observed that the male participants (288) responded better to the recall visits compared to the female participants (251). The Relationship between distance away from the hospital and compliance of patients with post-extraction recall visits was also evaluated, and it was observed that the patients closer to the hospital within 5km (442) complied better to recall revisit in comparison to the participants who were within 10km (224) from the hospital as well as the participants that were 10km & above (17). Finally, the influence of interval between procedure and recall visit was also evaluated, and the result revealed that the participants that were given 7 days of recall revisit (663) complied better compared with the participants who were given 14days duration for recall revisit (478). \u0000Conclusion: The data from this study highlighted the possible need for a paradigm shift in patient-doctor interphase especially as it concerns recall visits. Compliance to recall appointment by the patients depends largely on age, gender, distance from hospital and interval between procedures and is mainly responsible for the noncompliance of patients to recall visit.","PeriodicalId":155489,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Dental Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131385932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID 19: Knowledge, opinions and prevention among the populace","authors":"M. Soroye, B. Osagbemiro","doi":"10.4314/njdr.v7i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njdr.v7i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: There was a lot of panic when the COVID-19 pandemic started because a lot was not known about it. However, as the disease unfolded, proven scientific universal precautions are recommended to curb its spread. \u0000Methods: This was a cross-sectional online survey of people living in Nigeria. Questionnaires were distributed to consenting participants using the SurveyMonkey and data was collected on sociodemographic knowledge of the aetiology and prevention of COVID-19. Analysis was done with the SPSS version 25. \u0000Results: Eighty-five participants with age ranging from 18 to 60 years took part in the study. The mean age was 37.35 ± 11.7years. Forty-seven (47%) had knowledge that COVID-19 infection is from a virus. 29.4% thought it is caused by biological weapons, 1.2% from 5G internet, 7.1% as government’s ploy to embezzle money and 9.4% conspiracy theory from the world leaders to reduce world’s population. All participants knew that hand washing is a preventive measure against the spread of COVID-19 and majority agreed to the use of sanitizers, social distancing and disinfection of surfaces. Only 30.6% agreed that wearing of facemasks will serve as a preventive measure. Over 90% of the participants agreed that dissemination of appropriate information, use of universal precautions, isolation and intensive treatment of those infected can help prevent the spread of COVID-19. 11.8% of participants knew that additional precautions are needed for aerosol generating procedures. \u0000Conclusion: The knowledge of COVID-19 aetiology is poor among the populace and the need to wear face masks as a preventive measure in curtailing the spread of COVID-19 needs to be emphasized. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":155489,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Dental Research","volume":"129 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126170581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of malocclusion on the Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of 8 to 10 years old school children","authors":"Onyinye O. Umeh, Adaku L. Ben Okoye, I. Isiekwe, O. Sanu, I. Utomi, O. Dacosta","doi":"10.4314/njdr.v6i2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njdr.v6i2.13","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Objective: To investigate the impact of malocclusion on the Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of school children. \u0000Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among four hundred and twenty five (425) 8-10 years school pupils in Lagos Nigeria. Malocclusion was assessed using the Dental Aesthetic Index while OHRQoL was assessed using the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ 8-10). Data entry and analyses was done with SPSS Version 23.0. Data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis and Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA were used for comparison between variables. Level of significance was set at 0.05. \u0000Results: Gender distribution of the study population was; 48.8% (208) males and 51.2% (217) females. The mean age of the participants was 9.23±0.83 and their median age was 9 years. The prevalence of malocclusion according to DAI was 25.9%. Over 70% of the children were found to have no/ or slight need for orthodontic treatment (DAI score < 25), elective treatment was needed in 19.1% of subjects (DAI score 25-30), while in 6.8% of the surveyed population; treatment was highly desirable/mandatory. The differences in the prevalence of malocclusion among the different age groups was observed to be statistically significant (P = 0.038). The overall mean CPQ 8-10 was 19.51±17.1. There was no statistically significant difference in mean CPQ scores between gender (P=0.565), age (P=0.524) and severity of malocclusion (P=0.296) \u0000Conclusion: The prevalence of malocclusion in this study was 25.9% with an overall mean CPQ of 19.51±17.1. Higher mean CPQ values were observed with females, older age group and subjects with DAI 31- 35; however, it was not statistically significant. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":155489,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Dental Research","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131408850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}