Nigerian Journal of Dental Research最新文献

{"title":"Awareness of Medical Practitioners on the Link between Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases in a Tertiary Hospital","authors":"G. Alade, B. Osagbemiro","doi":"10.4314/njdr.v7i2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njdr.v7i2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: It has been established that periodontitis is linked to some systemic conditions. It is therefore important for medical doctors to be aware of the association between this oral disease and systemic conditions so that they can refer their patients with dental needs, for supportive dental therapy. It is not yet clear how this link is understood or perceived among medical practitioners and there are limited studies in the literature on this, particularly in the South-South region of Nigeria  \u0000Objective: To assess awareness of the association between periodontitis and systemic conditions among medical practitioners and elicit the history of dental referral for supportive therapy. \u0000Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study, conducted among medical practitioners working at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Rivers State, Nigeria. Data collection (socio-demographic variables, level of awareness of the link between periodontitis and systemic diseases and history of dental referrals) was carried out using a semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire. The level of awareness was categorized as follows: limited (≤ 1 systemic disease associated with periodontitis), Fair (2-3 systemic diseases associated with periodontitis) and Good (≥ 4 systemic diseases associated with periodontitis). SPSS version 25.0 was used for statistical analysis, the p-value was considered significant at ≤ 0.05. \u0000Results: A total of 162 out of 250 distributed questionnaires (64.8%) were analyzed. Majority (78.4%) of the participants had a limited level of awareness of the link between periodontitis and systemic diseases while 18.5% and 3.1% of the participants had fair and good levels of awareness respectively. Only 26.5% of the participants had referred patients to the dental clinic for supportive therapy \u0000Conclusion: The level of awareness of the association between periodontal disease and systemic conditions among medical doctors in this study was limited \u0000  \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":155489,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Dental Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131880402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extended Orbital Exenteration: Proposal for Modification of Meyer and Zaoli’s Classification","authors":"B. Fomete, K. Omeje, R. Agbara, E. Adebayo, E. Ikhekuamen, Olusola Amole","doi":"10.4314/njdr.v7i2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njdr.v7i2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The orbital exenteration classification by Meyer and Zaoli has become popular in the literature as a means whereby clinicians present exenteration procedures. Although Meyer and Zaoli’s classification is adopted in our practice \u0000Objective: To propose a modification of Mayer and Zaoli’s classification to accommodate cases of orbital exenteration where one or both eyelids will be spared. \u0000Methods: A retrospective study of cases of maxillary tumours treated with maxillectomy and orbital exenteration over a 13 years period (January 2005- December 2017) in a Nigerian tertiary health facility. \u0000Results: They were 14 maxillectomies with orbital exenteration out of 91 maxillectomies carried out within the study period. There were more males (71.4%) than females (28.6%) and the age range was between 5 to 72 years (mean of 42.57 years, the median age was 45 years). Based on Meyer and Zaoli’s classification of orbital exenteration, 5 cases were classed as type IV, nine cases, however, could not be classified as they met all other requirements for classification as type IV except for the eyelid preservation which cannot be accounted for in Meyer and Zaoli’s classification \u0000Conclusion: Modification of Mayer and Zaoli’s classification to accommodate orbital exenteration cases where one or both eyelids were spared will make it more complete and exhaustive","PeriodicalId":155489,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Dental Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122668461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacted Toothbrush in the Oropharynx: A Case Report","authors":"Eustace Eromosele Oseghale, Emmanuel Okoeguale","doi":"10.4314/njdr.v7i2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njdr.v7i2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background \u0000Foreign body impaction in the throat is a common presentation in the Ear, Nose and Throat emergency room and may be associated with dare consequences. \u0000Case Report \u0000A nineteen-month-old female was rushed to the Accident and Emergency Unit, University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), Benin City with a history of foreign body in the throat of three hours duration. Examination revealed a broken toothbrush impacted the posterior oropharyngeal wall. \u0000She had impacted foreign body removed under local anaesthesia. \u0000Conclusion \u0000Foreign bodies in the throat can be fatal if not promptly managed. Impacted toothbrush in the throat could be life-threatening due to respiratory embarrassment. Therefore, a good toothbrush should be used, caution should be taken while brushing and toddlers should have their teeth brushed by adults. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":155489,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Dental Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132938120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral Mucous Retention Cyst of the Submandibular Salivary Gland: A Rare Unusual Presentation and Review of the Literature.","authors":"A. Adejobi, O. Fatusi, Azuka Raphael Njokanma, A. Akomolafe, A. Olatunji","doi":"10.4314/njdr.v7i2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njdr.v7i2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mucous Retention Cyst (MRC) are non-neoplastic, developmental salivary gland lesion. Although more common in the minor salivary gland, few cases have been reported in the major salivary gland. \u0000Objective: To draw the attention of clinicians to a rare occurrence of MRC in the submandibular gland bilaterally. \u0000  \u0000Case Report: The index case presents as a slowly progressive painless lesion of 10 years duration associated with aesthetics concerns. The lesion appeared as a double jaw with extension into the neck. Though lobulated and fluctuant, aspirate yielded yellow coloured, non-viscous and non-foul smelling fluid. Ultrasonography revealed a multilobulated mass with mobile heterogeneous fluid-like content in the submental and submandibular regions bilaterally. The massive size of the lesion limited the ultrasonic visualization of the submandibular salivary glands. The patient could not afford advanced imaging. During surgery, the lesion had involved the submandibular gland bilaterally with attachment to the hyoid bone and in close relation to the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Although the nerve was preserved, the patient experienced temporary hoarseness, which resolved with medication. Histopathologic examination of the excised lesion revealed the lesion as Mucous Retention Cyst. \u0000Conclusion: The massive size of the lesion, delayed presentation and financial constraints in obtaining advanced imaging could have contributed to the diagnostic dilemma. This rare case will help the clinicians include MRC as a differential diagnosis of lesions involving submandibular salivary gland bilaterally. It also draws the attention of the maxillofacial surgeons to the unexpected injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve and its management in a low-income setting environment. \u0000  \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":155489,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Dental Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129832465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Knowledge of Infectious Diseases and Their mode of Transmission Among Dental Health Care Personnel in a Tertiary Health Institution in Southern Nigeria","authors":"Y. Mabiaku, T. O. Mabiaku, Alphonsus Rukevwe Isarah","doi":"10.4314/njdr.v7i2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njdr.v7i2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dental Health Care Personnel (DHCP) and clinical students in training are constantly exposed to saliva and oral fluids in the course of carrying out oral health care procedures. For optimum observance of infection control protocols, there is a need for adequate and appropriate knowledge of infectious agents and their mode of transmission in order to prevent cross infection in a dental clinic setting. \u0000Objective: To determine the level of knowledge of infectious agents transmissible in a dental clinic among dental health care personnel and final year clinical students and nurses in a tertiary health facility. \u0000Methods: This paper is a cross-sectional descriptive study which used a well-structured self-administered questionnaire. A convenient sampling technique was applied and a total of 111 DHCP and final year clinical students and nurses were recruited into the study. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) version 16 (IBM, Chicago, IL, USA).  Bivariate analysis showed that the dentist cadre had the best level of knowledge of infectious agents transmissible in dental clinics. This, however, was not statistically significant p=0.298 \u0000Results: A total of one hundred and eleven respondents, ages ranging from 15 to 55 years and with a mean age of 31.0±5.5 participated in this study. More than two-third 75(67.6%) of the respondents were dental surgeons and the least 2(1.8%) were the dental hygienist. More males 63(56.8%) participated in the study and most respondents 107(96.4%) were Christians. Fifty-five (49%) had good knowledge, 9(8.1%) had fair knowledge, and 47(42.3%) had poor knowledge of infectious diseases/conditions transmissible in dentistry. Respondents’ status was not a determinant of the level of knowledge, p=0.298. \u0000Conclusion: The average knowledge of the DHCP, final year clinical students and dental student nurses in this study was good, but their knowledge about HDV and infectious bacteria in dental unit water was poor. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":155489,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Dental Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126256805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral hygiene status, interdental cleaning and perception of gingival bleeding among a group of pregnant women in Nigeria","authors":"M. Soroye, O. Onigbinde","doi":"10.4314/njdr.v7i1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njdr.v7i1.10","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hormonal and vascular changes in pregnancy can lead to exaggeration of inflammatory response to local irritants like dental plaque causing pregnancy gingivitis which if not treated can result in advanced periodontal diseases and consequent adverse pregnancy outcomes. \u0000Objective: To assess the oral hygiene and gingival bleeding perception of pregnant women \u0000Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data. Oral hygiene status and gingival status were assessed with Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) and gingival bleeding index respectively. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 25. Results were presented in frequency and percentages and chi square analysis done for the categorical variables with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. \u0000Results: One hundred and fifty-one participants with age range of 20 to 43 years with a mean age of 29.85±4.05years participated in the study. All participants used toothbrush to clean their teeth and 44.4% used medium bristled toothbrush. Two-third used herbal toothpaste. More than two-thirds (84.1%) of the participants used both horizontal and vertical tooth brushing technique. Only 33.8% brushed twice daily. Though 92.1% claimed to clean interdentally, only 19.4% used dental floss.  Prevalence of gingival bleeding was 31.8%. Two persons (1.3%) thought it normal to bleed from the gum while brushing and 86.8% did not know one can bleed from the gum during pregnancy Forty-four (29.1%) and 18(11.9%) of participants had fair and poor oral hygiene status respectively. 55.6% bled on probing and had gingival bleeding index of 1 and 2. Four (2.6%) of participants had gingival recession measuring 3mm to 4mm and 8.6% had halitosis. Statistical analysis of the association between participants’ perception of gum bleeding and oral hygiene status showed statistical significance. \u0000Conclusion: The knowledge of pregnancy gingivitis is poor among the participants. There is the need to educate them about this and incorporate periodontal care into antenatal care so as to increase their quality of life during pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":155489,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Dental Research","volume":"244 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114604144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aetiology and presentation pattern of mandibular fractures at the State Dental Hospital in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.","authors":"Mathew Ekhaleafo Ogbezode, E. Oromakinde, Faith Nonyelum Ngene, I. Suleiman, K. Idris","doi":"10.4314/njdr.v7i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njdr.v7i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The mandible is the biggest and the main bone occupying the lower third of the face, and it is prone to fracture because of its prominence. Fracture of the mandible is more common in some major parts such as, the angle, the canine region, and the condylar neck due to its weakness in those regions. \u0000Objective: To analyse the aetiology and presentation pattern of mandibular fractures at the State Dental Hospital in Maiduguri \u0000Methods: This was a retrospective-prospective descriptive study approved by the Ethical Review Board of Borno State Ministry of Health. A total number of 956 facial fracture cases, which included both old cases retrieved from the record book and new cases seen during the period under review, was recorded. Out of this total, 252 mandibular fracture cases were seen during the seven-year period at the State Dental Hospital in Maiduguri. The patients seen were examined clinically and radiographically by a team of three independent dental surgeons after calibration was done by a consultant oral and maxillofacial surgeon. All patients and cases included in the study were properly briefed and informed consent taken prior to carrying out the study. \u0000Results: A total of 956 facial fractures were recorded: 252 cases were mandibular fractures, accounting for a prevalence 26.4%. Males accounted for 76.2% and females 23.8% with a male to female ratio of 3.2:1. Age range was 11-60yrs with a mean age of 27.7yrs. Those aged 21-30yrs showed the highest level of distribution in the sampled cases, and most of the fractures occurred on weekends, especially Friday which accounted for 34.4% of cases. The major aetiology of most fracture is road traffic accident in 122(48.8%) cases and the body (44.8%) of the mandible was noted as the most commonly affected site. \u0000Conclusion: Although road traffic accident appeared to be the major aetiology of mandibular fracture in this study, a substantial part of assault related causes are due to blast related injuries to the mandible. The age distribution, sex, location and treatment modalities still remain the same.","PeriodicalId":155489,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Dental Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129901027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among Adolescents in a Rural Nigerian Population","authors":"Adeola J. Akande, O. Uti, O. Sofola","doi":"10.4314/njdr.v7i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njdr.v7i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oral mucosal lesions affect people of all age groups, and vary in presentation; from asymptomatic to severely debilitating. Studies reporting the prevalence and effects of these lesions in adolescents are generally few compared to those describing the demography of dental caries and other oral diseases. \u0000Objective: To determine the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions, factors that contribute to the prevalence, and the association with the oral-health related quality of life (OHRQoL) of adolescents in the population. \u0000Methods: A cross-sectional survey was done on 240 secondary school students aged 10-19 from three secondary schools selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling. A pre-designed questionnaire was used to collect demographic information, presence of systemic illness, and oral habits. Oral-health related quality of life was assessed using the oral-health impact profile (OHIP-14), and intraoral examination was performed within the school premises by a single trained investigator. \u0000Results: A total of 33 participants (13.7%) had oral mucosal lesions. Overall, commissural lip pits (5.0%) were the most prevalent, while geographic tongue and irritation fibroma (0.4% each) were the least prevalent lesions. The mean OHIP-14 score of the participants in this study was 7.17+8.64. Participants with systemic diseases and cheek biting habits had statistically significant worse scores than those without either. \u0000Conclusion: The most prevalent oral mucosal lesions in the adolescent age group are those of developmental origin. Quality of life was negatively impacted by the presence of systemic diseases as well as cheek biting habit.","PeriodicalId":155489,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Dental Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128365661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skeletal Maturation Pattern among Down Syndrome Individuals in Benin, City. Nigeria.","authors":"O. Aghimien, E. O. Ajayi, I. Ize-Iyamu","doi":"10.4314/njdr.v7i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njdr.v7i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The assessment of skeletal maturity is important in the timing of orthodontic treatment especially in the modification of dento-facial growth. The use of cervical vertebrae as a method of assessment of skeletal maturity has rarely been used among Down Syndrome. \u0000Objective: To assess skeletal maturity among individuals with Down Syndrome using the cervical vertebrae maturation stages. \u0000Methods: The study was conducted among 21 Down Syndrome with mean ages of 11.70 ± 1.83 years (males) and 13.64 ± 1.75 years (female); and 21 control individuals with mean ages of 12.00 ± 2.00 years (male), and 13.50 ± 1.90 years (female). The independent t-test and chi-square test were used to determine significant differences among the continuous (age) and categorical variables (cervical vertebrae maturation stages) respectively when matched with gender and chronological age. Fischer exact test was used when an expected frequency presentation was <5. A p-value of < 0.05 was set as statistically significant. \u0000Results: Down Syndrome males had delayed maturation at 11 years but accelerated at 12 with early attainment of maturity at 15 years. Down Syndrome female had a delay tendency in skeletal maturation from 11–15 years of age. Overall, Down Syndrome had a 1.242 probability of either having a delay or advancement in skeletal maturation which was not statistically significant. Conclusively, the skeletal maturation pattern between Down syndrome patients and normal individuals was not statistically different.  \u0000Conclusion: The average timing for commencement of orthodontic treatment especially growth modification for normal individuals can be applied for individuals with Down Syndrome as this present study did not show any statistically significant difference in their overall skeletal maturation.Down syndrome.","PeriodicalId":155489,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Dental Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131395231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Incidental Dental Anomalies seen on Pre-Treatment Digital Panoramic Radiographs of a Group of Nigerian Orthodontic Patients: A Retrospective Study","authors":"E. Aikins, C. Ututu, Emmanuel Ifeanyi Chukwuma","doi":"10.4314/njdr.v7i1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/njdr.v7i1.9","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Radiographs are used by orthodontists in the diagnosis of malocclusion, treatment planning and monitoring. These usually reveal presence of dental anomalies that may require further assessment and management.  \u0000Objective: To investigate the prevalence, types and distribution of dental anomalies seen on the orthopantomograms (OPGs) of orthodontic patients at the University of Port-Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH). \u0000Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional radiographic study of a cohort of orthodontic patients who presented to the Department of Child Dental Health, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria. The data gathered from digital orthopantomograms of the patients was analysed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics for Windows version 25.0. \u0000Results: The study comprised 249 patients with an age range of 5-44years (mean age of 14.6±7.7years) comprising 108 (43.4%) males and 141 (56.6%) females. Seventy (28.1%) [(29, 41.4% males), (41, 58.6% females)] of the patients had at least one dental anomaly. Dental anomalies were commonest (48, 68.6%) within 10-19 years age bracket followed by the 0-9 years age bracket (11, 15.7%). The most frequent dental anomaly was taurodontism (43, 61.4%), followed by congenitally missing teeth (8, 11.4%), supernumerary teeth (5, 7.1%), odontoma (4, 5.7%), peg shaped lateral incisors and transposition (2, 2.9%) respectively. Dental anomalies were more frequent in the maxilla (43, 61.4%).  \u0000Conclusion: The most common dental anomaly was taurodontism. Anomalies were more frequent in female than male patients and in the maxilla than in the mandible.","PeriodicalId":155489,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Dental Research","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116772507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}