Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology最新文献_第5页

GABAergic inhibition shapes frequency tuning and modifies response properties in the superior olivary nucleus of the leopard frog. gaba能抑制形成频率调谐和修改反应性质在豹蛙的上橄榄核。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2000-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590000119

W Zheng, J C Hall

{"title":"GABAergic inhibition shapes frequency tuning and modifies response properties in the superior olivary nucleus of the leopard frog.","authors":"W Zheng, J C Hall","doi":"10.1007/s003590000119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003590000119","url":null,"abstract":"The role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibition in shaping the excitatory frequency tuning of 74 neurons in the superior olivary nucleus of the leopard frog, Rana pipiens, was studied using iontophoretic application of the GABA(A) receptor antagonist, bicuculline methiodide. For 37 neurons, bicuculline application broadened and/or changed the configuration of the excitatory frequency-tuning curve. Results indicate that GABA-mediated inhibition not only sharpens the tuning curves of neurons but also plays a critical role in creating new frequency tuning properties in the superior olivary nucleus. Bicuculline application affected other neuronal response properties as well. Spontaneous firing rate increased 11-338% for 18 of 59 neurons. For 32 of 58 neurons there was an increase in stimulus-evoked discharge rate and a change in rate-level function. There was no qualitative effect on the discharge pattern of 60 neurons, though 2 tonically responding neurons did show an increase (> 30%) in response duration. Additional roles for GABAergic inhibition in monaural signal analysis are discussed.","PeriodicalId":15522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology","volume":"186 7-8","pages":"661-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003590000119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21848108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Acute and chronic effects of an aromatase inhibitor on territorial aggression in breeding and nonbreeding male song sparrows. 一种芳香化酶抑制剂对繁殖和非繁殖雄雀领土攻击的急性和慢性影响。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2000-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590000129

K K Soma, K A Sullivan, A D Tramontin, C J Saldanha, B A Schlinger, J C Wingfield

{"title":"Acute and chronic effects of an aromatase inhibitor on territorial aggression in breeding and nonbreeding male song sparrows.","authors":"K K Soma, K A Sullivan, A D Tramontin, C J Saldanha, B A Schlinger, J C Wingfield","doi":"10.1007/s003590000129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003590000129","url":null,"abstract":"Many studies have demonstrated that male aggression is regulated by testosterone. The conversion of testosterone to estradiol by brain aromatase is also known to regulate male aggression in the breeding season. Male song sparrows (Melospiza melodia morphna) are territorial not only in the breeding season, but also in the nonbreeding season, when plasma testosterone and estradiol levels are basal. Castration has no effect on nonbreeding aggression. In contrast, chronic (10 day) aromatase inhibitor (fadrozole) treatment decreases nonbreeding aggression, indicating a role for estrogens. Here, we show that acute (1 day) fadrozole treatment decreases nonbreeding territoriality, suggesting relatively rapid estrogen effects. In spring, fadrozole decreases brain aromatase activity, but acute and chronic fadrozole treatments do not significantly decrease aggression, although trends for some behaviors approach significance. In gonadally intact birds, fadrozole may be less effective at reducing aggression in the spring. This might occur because fadrozole causes a large increase in plasma testosterone in intact breeding males. Alternatively, estradiol may be more important for territoriality in winter than spring. We hypothesize that sex steroids regulate male aggression in spring and winter, but the endocrine mechanisms vary seasonally.","PeriodicalId":15522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology","volume":"186 7-8","pages":"759-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003590000129","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21849419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 169

Source levels and the estimated active space of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) whistles in the Moray Firth, Scotland. 苏格兰马里湾宽吻海豚(Tursiops truncatus)口哨的来源水平和估计的活动空间。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2000-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590000120

V M Janik

{"title":"Source levels and the estimated active space of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) whistles in the Moray Firth, Scotland.","authors":"V M Janik","doi":"10.1007/s003590000120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003590000120","url":null,"abstract":"This study measured SPLs of whistles of wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Moray Firth, Scotland, and estimated their active space, i.e. the distance at which another dolphin can perceive the whistle of a conspecific. Whistling dolphins were localized with a dispersed hydrophone array by comparing differences in the times of arrival of a whistle at different hydrophones. The mean source level for whistles was 158 +/- 0.6 dB re. 1 microPa. The maximum was 169 dB re. 1 microPa. The active space of these whistles was calculated taking into account transmission loss, ambient noise, the critical ratios and the auditory sensitivity of this species. The estimated radius of the active space of unmodulated whistles between 3.5 kHz and 10 kHz produced at maximum source level ranged from 20 km to 25 km in a habitat of 10 m depth and at sea state 0. At sea state 4 it ranged from 14 km to 22 km. For whistles of 12 kHz it dropped to 1.5-4 km. The results suggest that whistles can be used to maintain group cohesion over large distances but also that dolphins that researchers consider to belong to separate groups might be in acoustic contact.","PeriodicalId":15522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology","volume":"186 7-8","pages":"673-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003590000120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21848109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 157

Directionality in the mechanical response to substrate vibration in a treehopper (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Umbonia crassicornis). 树跳对基底振动的机械响应的方向性(半翅目:膜科:长角蝶)。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2000-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590000123

R B Cocroft, T D Tieu, R R Hoy, R N Miles

{"title":"Directionality in the mechanical response to substrate vibration in a treehopper (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Umbonia crassicornis).","authors":"R B Cocroft, T D Tieu, R R Hoy, R N Miles","doi":"10.1007/s003590000123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003590000123","url":null,"abstract":"The use of substrate vibrations in communication and predator-prey interactions is widespread in arthropods. In many contexts, localization of the vibration source plays an important role. For small species on solid substrates, time and amplitude differences between receptors in different legs may be extremely small, and the mechanisms of vibration localization are unclear. Here we ask whether directional information is contained in the mechanical response of an insect's body to substrate vibration. Our study species was a membracid treehopper (Umbonia crassicornis) that communicates using bending waves in plant stems. We used a bending-wave simulator that allows precise control of the frequency, intensity and direction of the vibrational stimulus. With laser-Doppler vibrometry, we measured points on the substrate and on the insect's thorax and middle leg. Transfer functions showing the response of the body relative to the substrate revealed resonance at lower frequencies and attenuation at higher frequencies. There were two modes of vibration along the body's long axis, a translational and a rotational mode. Furthermore, the transfer functions measured on the body differed substantially depending on whether the stimulus originated in front of or behind the insect. Directional information is thus available in the mechanical response of the body of these insects to substrate vibration. These results suggest a vibration localization mechanism that could function at very small spatial scales.","PeriodicalId":15522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology","volume":"186 7-8","pages":"695-705"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003590000123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21848110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 80

Integration of temperature and olfactory information in cockroach antennal lobe glomeruli. 蟑螂触角叶肾小球温度和嗅觉信息的整合。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2000-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590000125

R Zeiner, H Tichy

{"title":"Integration of temperature and olfactory information in cockroach antennal lobe glomeruli.","authors":"R Zeiner, H Tichy","doi":"10.1007/s003590000125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003590000125","url":null,"abstract":"Individual neurons in the antennal lobe of the cockroach not only respond to warming, cooling and the odor of lemon oil but they also integrate the responses to simultaneously occurring temperature and olfactory stimuli. This integration results in an increase or decrease of the neuron's activity as compared to its responses to the temperature stimuli presented alone. The mean gain for a change in temperature in the warm and cold direction is 9.5 (imp s(-1)) degrees C(-1) and 10.2 (imp s(-1)) degrees C(-1), respectively. Thus, the average neuron elevates its impulse frequency by 1 imp s(-1) when temperature is increased by 0.1 degree C or decreased by 0.09 degree C. Examination of response scatter reveals that the difference required between two warm or two cold stimuli to be discriminated is 0.5 degree C. Similar values for gain and resolving power are obtained for the enhanced responses to the warm-odor and the cold-odor stimulus combinations. The neurons described are: (1) local interneurons innervating a number of glomeruli distributed within the antennal lobe, and (2) projection neurons collecting information from single glomeruli at 140-280 microm from the surface of the antennal lobe and providing links with the calyces of the mushroom bodies and the lateral lobe of the protocerebrum.","PeriodicalId":15522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology","volume":"186 7-8","pages":"717-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003590000125","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21848111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 30

Coupling of visual to auditory cues during phonotactic approach in the phaneropterine bushcricket Poecilimon affinis. 印翅小蟋蟀声致化接近过程中视觉与听觉线索的耦合。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2000-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590000126

D von Helversen, G Wendler

{"title":"Coupling of visual to auditory cues during phonotactic approach in the phaneropterine bushcricket Poecilimon affinis.","authors":"D von Helversen, G Wendler","doi":"10.1007/s003590000126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003590000126","url":null,"abstract":"In the duetting bushcricket species Poecilimon affinis the male calls at intervals of several seconds and is guided to the female by its short response clicks, which release phonotaxis only when perceived by the male during its sensory time window (40-170 ms after his call). The accuracy of phonotaxis in this acoustically open-loop system was investigated on a locomotion compensator with and without optical cues available. Phonotaxis in darkness was strongly meandrous with numerous roundabouts, while in a structured surrounding the oscillating course was attenuated. With a landmark available the male was able to maintain a straight course to the female. This is achieved by coupling of visual cues to an acoustically detected direction. Thus, in this species, the acoustic cues, which in the songs of continuously singing crickets and bushcrickets are permanently present, are replaced by optical ones. Restricting localization of female clicks to a short time window and using optical cues for target tracking allows straight orientation, even when guided by very short signals at long repetition intervals.","PeriodicalId":15522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology","volume":"186 7-8","pages":"729-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003590000126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21849413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

Operant conditioning of antennal muscle activity in the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.). 蜜蜂触角肌活动的操作性调节。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2000-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590000111

J Erber, B Pribbenow, J Kisch, D Faensen

{"title":"Operant conditioning of antennal muscle activity in the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.).","authors":"J Erber, B Pribbenow, J Kisch, D Faensen","doi":"10.1007/s003590000111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003590000111","url":null,"abstract":"Antennal movements of the honey bee can be conditioned operantly under laboratory conditions. Using this behavioural paradigm we have developed a preparation in which the activity of a single antennal muscle has been operantly conditioned. This muscle, the fast flagellum flexor muscle, is innervated by an identified motoneuron whose action potentials correlate 1:1 with the muscle potentials. The activity of the fast flagellum flexor muscle was recorded extracellularly from the scapus of the antenna. The animal was rewarded with a drop of sucrose solution whenever the muscle activity exceeded a defined reward threshold. The reward threshold was one standard deviation above the mean spontaneous frequency prior to conditioning. After ten conditioning trials, the frequency of the muscle potentials had increased significantly compared to the spontaneous frequency. The conditioned changes of frequency were observed for 30 min after conditioning. No significant changes of the frequency were found in the yoke control group. The firing pattern of the muscle potentials did not change significantly after conditioning or feeding. Fixing the antennal joints reduces or abolishes associative operant conditioning. The conditioned changes of the frequency of muscle potentials in the freely moving antenna are directly comparable to the behavioural changes during operant conditioning.","PeriodicalId":15522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology","volume":"186 6","pages":"557-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003590000111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21785770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 37

The role of background movement in goldfish vision. 背景运动在金鱼视觉中的作用。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2000-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590050010

S Schaerer, K Kirschfeld

{"title":"The role of background movement in goldfish vision.","authors":"S Schaerer, K Kirschfeld","doi":"10.1007/s003590050010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003590050010","url":null,"abstract":"In experiments described in the literature objects presented to restrained goldfish failed to induce eye movements like fixation and/or tracking. We show here that eye movements can be induced only if the background (visual surround) is not stationary relative to the fish but moving. We investigated the influence of background motion on eye movements in the range of angular velocities of 5-20 degrees s(-1). The response to presentation of an object is a transient shift in mean horizontal eye position which lasts for some 10 s. If an object is presented in front of the fish the eyes move in a direction such that it is seen more or less symmetrically by both eyes. If it is presented at +/-70 degrees from the fish's long axis the eye on the side of the object moves in the direction that the object falls more centrally on its retina. During these object induced eye responses the typical optokinetic nystagmus of amplitude of some 5 degrees with alternating fast and slow phases is maintained, and the eye velocity during the slow phase is not modified by presentation of the object. Presenting an object in front of stationary or moving backgrounds leads to transient suppression of respiration which shows habituation to repeated object presentations.","PeriodicalId":15522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology","volume":"186 6","pages":"583-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003590050010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21785773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Sex pheromone mimicry in the early spider orchid (ophrys sphegodes): patterns of hydrocarbons as the key mechanism for pollination by sexual deception. 早期蜘蛛兰(ophrys sphegodes)的性信息素模仿:碳氢化合物的模式作为性欺骗授粉的关键机制。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2000-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590000112

F P Schiestl, M Ayasse, H F Paulus, C Löfstedt, B S Hansson, F Ibarra, W Francke

{"title":"Sex pheromone mimicry in the early spider orchid (ophrys sphegodes): patterns of hydrocarbons as the key mechanism for pollination by sexual deception.","authors":"F P Schiestl, M Ayasse, H F Paulus, C Löfstedt, B S Hansson, F Ibarra, W Francke","doi":"10.1007/s003590000112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003590000112","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the female-produced sex pheromone of the solitary bee Andrena nigroaenea and compared it with floral scent of the sexually deceptive orchid Ophrys sphegodes which is pollinated by Andrena nigroaenea males. We identified physiologically and behaviorally active compounds by gas chromatography with electroantennographic detection, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and behavioral tests in the field. Dummies scented with cuticle extracts of virgin females or of O. sphegodes labellum extracts elicited significantly more male reactions than odorless dummies. Therefore, copulation behavior eliciting semiochemicals are located on the surface of the females' cuticle and the surface of the flowers. Within bee and orchid samples, n-alkanes and n-alkenes, aldehydes, esters, all-trans-farnesol and all-trans-farnesyl hexanoate triggered electroantennographic responses in male antennae. Most of the alkanes and alkenes occurred in similar patterns both in the bees and orchids. O. sphegodes leaf extracts contained mostly the same compounds but in different proportions. In behavioral tests with synthetic compounds, blends of alkenes triggered significantly more approaches and pounces of the males whereas alkanes were not more attractive than odorless dummies. Since alkanes and alkenes together were most attractive, we conclude they constitute the bees' sex pheromone as well as the pseudocopulation-behavior releasing orchid-odor bouquet.","PeriodicalId":15522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology","volume":"186 6","pages":"567-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003590000112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21785771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 177

Responses of the infrared sensilla of Melanophila acuminata (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) to monochromatic infrared stimulation. 黑蝇红外感受器对单色红外刺激的响应。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2000-06-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590000109

H Schmitz, M Mürtz, H Bleckmann

引用次数: 27