Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology最新文献_第10页

Circadian rhythms of melatonin in European starlings exposed to different lighting conditions: relationship with locomotor and feeding rhythms. 不同光照条件下欧洲椋鸟褪黑素的昼夜节律:与运动和摄食节律的关系。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2000-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590050020

V Kumar, E Gwinner, T J Van't Hof

{"title":"Circadian rhythms of melatonin in European starlings exposed to different lighting conditions: relationship with locomotor and feeding rhythms.","authors":"V Kumar, E Gwinner, T J Van't Hof","doi":"10.1007/s003590050020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003590050020","url":null,"abstract":"In passerine birds, the periodic secretion of melatonin by the pineal organ represents an important component of the pacemaker that controls overt circadian functions. The daily phase of low melatonin secretion generally coincides with the phase of intense activity, but the precise relationship between the melatonin and the behavioral rhythms has not been studied. Therefore, we investigated in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) (1) the temporal relationship between the circadian plasma melatonin rhythm and the rhythms in locomotor activity and feeding; (2) the persistence of the melatonin rhythm in constant conditions; and (3) the effects of light intensity on synchronized and free-running melatonin and behavioral rhythms. There was a marked rhythm in plasma melatonin with high levels at night and/or the inactive phase of the behavioral cycles in almost all birds. Like the behavioral rhythms, the melatonin rhythm persisted for at least 50 days in constant dim light. In the synchronized state, higher day-time light intensity resulted in more tightly synchronized rhythms and a delayed melatonin peak. While all three rhythms usually assumed a rather constant phase relationship to each other, in one bird the two behavioral rhythms dissociated from each other. In this case, the melatonin rhythm retained the appropriate phase relationship with the feeding rhythm.","PeriodicalId":15522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology","volume":"186 2","pages":"205-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003590050020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21560392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 49

The sounds of silence: cessation of singing and song pausing are ultrasound-induced acoustic startle behaviors in the katydid Neoconocephalus ensiger (Orthoptera; Tettigoniidae). 沉默的声音:停止歌唱和歌声暂停是超声诱导的新头螽斯(直翅目)的声惊吓行为。螽斯科)。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2000-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590050013

P A Faure, R R Hoy

{"title":"The sounds of silence: cessation of singing and song pausing are ultrasound-induced acoustic startle behaviors in the katydid Neoconocephalus ensiger (Orthoptera; Tettigoniidae).","authors":"P A Faure, R R Hoy","doi":"10.1007/s003590050013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003590050013","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies of acoustic startle in insects have dealt with behavioral and/or neural mechanisms employed in evading aerially hawking, echolocating bats; however, insects also face terrestrial predators. Here we describe an acoustic startle response of the nocturnal katydid, Neoconocephalus ensiger. Stridulating males disturbed in the field perform obvious antipredatory behaviors--cessation of singing, freezing, jumping, and evasive flight. Under controlled laboratory conditions we found that cessation of singing and song pausing are ultrasound-specific behaviors: when stimulated with pulsed ultrasound (20-100 kHz), but not audio-sound (< 20 kHz), males cease mate calling or insert pauses in their song. A second factor influencing acoustic startle is the phase of stimulation: an acoustic startle response occurs only when the pulse of ultrasound arrives during the window of silence between stridulatory syllables. The average startle threshold and response latency was 70 +/- 5 dB SPL and 34.2 +/- 6.0 ms, respectively. N. ensiger is particularly useful for examining acoustic startle responses of nonflying insects because (1) its calling song is broadband and contains ultrasound, thus the possibility exists of confusion over the biological meaning of ultrasound, and (2) this species shows the classic bat-avoidance response while flying, so a direct comparison between two types of acoustic startle is possible within the same species.","PeriodicalId":15522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology","volume":"186 2","pages":"129-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003590050013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21560502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 83

A gain-control mechanism for processing of chorus sounds in the afferent auditory pathway of the bushcricket Tettigonia viridissima (Orthoptera; Tettigoniidae). 灌木蟋蟀(直翅目:Tettigonia viridissima)传入听觉通路中合唱声音加工的增益控制机制螽斯科)。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2000-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590050018

H Römer, M Krusch

{"title":"A gain-control mechanism for processing of chorus sounds in the afferent auditory pathway of the bushcricket Tettigonia viridissima (Orthoptera; Tettigoniidae).","authors":"H Römer, M Krusch","doi":"10.1007/s003590050018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003590050018","url":null,"abstract":"The representation of alternative conspecific acoustic signals in the responses of a pair of local interneurons of the bushcricket Tettigonia viridissima was studied with variation in intensity and the direction of sound signals. The results suggest that the auditory world of the bushcricket is rather sharply divided into two azimuthal hemispheres, with signals arriving from any direction within one hemisphere being predominantly represented in the discharge of neurons of this side of the auditory pathway. In addition, each pathway also selects for the most intense of several alternative sounds. A low-intensity signal at 45 dB sound pressure level is quite effective when presented alone, but completely suppressed when given simultaneously with another signal at 60 dB sound pressure level. In a series of intracellular experiments the synaptic nature of the intensity-dependent suppression of competitive signals was investigated in a number of interneurons. The underlying synaptic mechanism is based on a membrane hyperpolarization with a time-constant in the order of 5-10 s. The significance of this mechanism for hearing in choruses, and for the evolution of acoustic signals and signalling behaviour is discussed.","PeriodicalId":15522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology","volume":"186 2","pages":"181-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003590050018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21560507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 112

Chemosensory control of pollen ingestion in the hoverfly Eristalis tenax by labellar taste hairs. 食蚜蝇唇瓣味毛对花粉摄食的化学感觉控制。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2000-02-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590050019

S Wacht, K Lunau, K Hansen

{"title":"Chemosensory control of pollen ingestion in the hoverfly Eristalis tenax by labellar taste hairs.","authors":"S Wacht, K Lunau, K Hansen","doi":"10.1007/s003590050019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003590050019","url":null,"abstract":"The labellar gustatory system of the dronefly Eristalis tenax L. (Syrphidae; Diptera) that enables the fly to discriminate between pollen and nectar is investigated, and the triggering of pollen ingestion is examined. In behavioural preference tests, exhaustively extracted pollen of the sunflower Helianthus annuus is consumed in smaller amounts than untreated pollen, indicating that water-soluble substances are important for acceptance. Dry pollen is preferred over moist pollen in which the grains stick together, suggesting that mechanical properties of the pollen also play a role in its sensory assessment. Electrophysiological studies of the labellar taste hairs reveal that aqueous extracts of pollen (2% w/v) stimulate the salt receptor cell, but not the sugar receptor cell. The response of the water receptor cell remains the same as to pure water (or standard electrolyte, 10 mmol.l-1 KCl). Of the 20 amino acids tested, the salt cell is sensitive only to proline in a submillimolar range. Behavioural experiments support the electrophysiological findings. When KCl is applied at concentrations eliciting salt-cell spike frequencies equal to those produced by pollen extract (which is often accepted), the water receptor cell is inhibited and a pronounced rejection behaviour occurs. This rejection of concentrated salt solution in Eristalis is therefore mainly mediated by the inhibition of the water cell.","PeriodicalId":15522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology","volume":"186 2","pages":"193-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003590050019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21560508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 55

Responses of the tropical bont tick, Amblyomma variegatum (Fabricius), to its aggregation-attachment pheromone presented in an air stream on a servosphere. 热带蜱，变种Amblyomma variegatum (Fabricius)，对其聚集-附着信息素在伺服层的气流的反应。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003599900064

C McMahon, P M Guerin

{"title":"Responses of the tropical bont tick, Amblyomma variegatum (Fabricius), to its aggregation-attachment pheromone presented in an air stream on a servosphere.","authors":"C McMahon, P M Guerin","doi":"10.1007/s003599900064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003599900064","url":null,"abstract":"Male Amblyomma variegatum ticks feeding on a host release a mixture of o-nitrophenol and methyl salicylate which serves to attract conspecifics. The behavioural responses of A. variegatum on a servosphere to these volatiles presented in an air stream are detailed here. In still air, ticks walked on all eight legs, but with long halts. In contrast, the air stream caused continuous walking and induced a reaching response where the forelegs actively sampled the air. Such reaching increased the angular velocity and reduced walking speed, effects that were amplified in the presence of vapours from o-nitrophenol and methyl salicylate in the air flowing over the ticks. Vapour from a 1:1 mixture of o-nitrophenol and methyl salicylate was attractive over a 10(4)-fold concentration range providing an increase in upwind displacement of 20-40%, significantly higher than the natural ratio where o-nitrophenol vapour predominates. Although the responses to o-nitrophenol vapour were variable when presented alone, this chemical was consistently attractive when delivered with steer hair odour unattractive on its own. Moreover, the upwind walk to this combination did not cause a change in speed or angular velocity. This supports the hypothesis that the response to the pheromone is enhanced by host odour.","PeriodicalId":15522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology","volume":"186 1","pages":"95-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003599900064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21513179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Optomotor course control in flies with largely asymmetric visual input. 非对称视觉输入果蝇的视运动过程控制。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590050006

R Kern, M Egelhaaf

引用次数: 31

Mixture interactions of glutamate and betaine in single squid olfactory neurons. 鱿鱼嗅觉神经元中谷氨酸和甜菜碱的混合相互作用。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590050007

J P Danaceau, M T Lucero

引用次数: 0

Electrical stimulation of the preoptic area in Eigenmannia: evoked interruptions in the electric organ discharge. 本征曼视前区的电刺激:诱发电器官放电的中断。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590050009

C J Wong

{"title":"Electrical stimulation of the preoptic area in Eigenmannia: evoked interruptions in the electric organ discharge.","authors":"C J Wong","doi":"10.1007/s003590050009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003590050009","url":null,"abstract":"The functional role of the basal forebrain and preoptic regions in modulating the normally regular electric organ discharge was determined by focal brain stimulation in the weakly electric fish, Eigenmannia. The rostral preoptic area, which is connected with the diencephalic prepacemaker nucleus, was examined physiologically by electrical stimulation in a curarized fish. Electrical stimulation of the most rostral region of the preoptic area with trains of relatively low intensity current elicits discrete bursts of electric organ discharge interruptions in contrast to other forebrain loci. These responses were observed primarily as after-responses following the termination of the stimulus train and were relatively immune to variations in the stimulus parameters. As the duration and rate of these preoptic-evoked bursts of electric organ discharge interruptions (approximately 100 ms at 2 per s) are similar to duration and rate of natural interruptions, it is proposed that these bursts might be precursors to natural interruptions. These data suggest that the preoptic area, consistent with its role in controlling reproductive behaviors in vertebrates, may be influencing the occurrence of electric organ discharge courtship signals by either direct actions on the prepacemaker nucleus or through other regions that are connected with the diencephalic pre-pacemaker nucleus.","PeriodicalId":15522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology","volume":"186 1","pages":"81-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003590050009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21513178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Detection of object motion by a fly neuron during simulated flight. 苍蝇神经元在模拟飞行过程中对物体运动的检测。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590050003

B Kimmerle, M Egelhaaf

{"title":"Detection of object motion by a fly neuron during simulated flight.","authors":"B Kimmerle, M Egelhaaf","doi":"10.1007/s003590050003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003590050003","url":null,"abstract":"Object detection on the basis of relative motion was investigated in the fly at the neuronal level. A representative of the figure detection cells (FD-cells), the FD1b-cell, was characterized with respect to its responses to optic flow which simulated the presence of an object during translatory flight. The figure detection cells reside in the fly's third visual neuropil and are believed to play a central role in mediating object-directed turning behaviour. The dynamical response properties as well as the mean response amplitudes of the FD1b-cell depend on the temporal frequency of object motion and on the presence or absence of background motion. The responses of the FD1b-cell to object motion during simulated translatory flight were compared to behavioural responses of the fly as obtained with identical stimuli in a previous study. The behavioural responses could only partly be explained on the basis of the FD1b-cell's responses. Further processing between the third visual neuropil and the final motor output has to be assumed which involves (1) facilitation of the object-induced responses during translatory background motion at moderate temporal frequencies, and (2) inhibition of the object-induced turning responses during translatory background motion at high temporal frequencies.","PeriodicalId":15522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology","volume":"186 1","pages":"21-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003590050003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21513831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Metabolic correlates of the circadian pattern of suckling-associated arousal in young rabbits. 幼兔哺乳相关觉醒的昼夜节律模式的代谢相关。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590050004

C Escobar, R Hudson, M Martínez-Gómez, R Aguilar-Roblero

{"title":"Metabolic correlates of the circadian pattern of suckling-associated arousal in young rabbits.","authors":"C Escobar, R Hudson, M Martínez-Gómez, R Aguilar-Roblero","doi":"10.1007/s003590050004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003590050004","url":null,"abstract":"Young rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are only nursed for 3-5 min every 24 h. They show a circadian increase in activity in anticipation of this, which is entrained by suckling. Our aim was to determine whether serum and liver metabolites show diurnal fluctuations which could act to regulate this circadian pattern. Stomach weight, liver glycogen and serum metabolites were measured every 3 h in 7- to 8-day-old pups when normally nursed (up to 24 h after suckling) and fasted (up to 48 h after suckling). The results suggest: 1. Energy balance between feeds was maintained by a cascade in the use of fuels, first glucose from the milk, then glycogen stores and gluconeogenesis from circulating products of proteins and triglycerides, and finally, in late-fasted animals, the mobilization of free fatty acids. 2. The empty stomach and depletion of glycogen 23-24 h after the last feed could act to trigger anticipatory arousal in normally nursed pups, and the release of free fatty acids 45 48 h after the last feed could trigger this in fasted pups. 3. Unmasking of rhythmicity by fasting in serum levels of glucose and proteins suggests their regulation by endogenous oscillators, which may also be the case for the mobilization of free fatty acids.","PeriodicalId":15522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology","volume":"186 1","pages":"33-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003590050004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21513832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 33