Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology最新文献

Pharmacological brain stimulation releases elaborate stridulatory behaviour in gomphocerine grasshoppers--conclusions for the organization of the central nervous control. 药理学脑刺激释放了gomphocerine蚱蜢复杂的鸣叫行为——中枢神经控制组织的结论。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2001-03-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590100188

R Heinrich, B Wenzel, N Elsner

{"title":"Pharmacological brain stimulation releases elaborate stridulatory behaviour in gomphocerine grasshoppers--conclusions for the organization of the central nervous control.","authors":"R Heinrich, B Wenzel, N Elsner","doi":"10.1007/s003590100188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003590100188","url":null,"abstract":"Grasshoppers produce a variety of sounds generated by complex movements of the hindlegs. Stridulation, performed in the context of partner finding, mating and rivalry, can be released by pressure injection of cholinergic agonists into the protocerebrum. Particularly stimulation with muscarinic agonists induced long-lasting stridulation that resembled the natural behaviour to an astonishing degree, not only with respect to their temporal structure and right/left coordination, but also to changes in the song sequences according to the progress of courtship stridulation, even including accessory movements of other parts of the body. According to the complexity of their stridulatory behaviour ten gomphocerine species were chosen for this comparative study. The results indicate that the protocerebrum fulfils two important tasks in the control of stridulation: (1) it integrates sensory input relevant to stridulation that represents a certain behavioural situation and internal state of arousal, and (2) it selectively activates and deactivates the thoracic networks that generate the appropriate movement and sound patterns. With the knowledge of the natural behaviour and the accessibility to pharmacological and electrophysiological studies, the cephalic control system for stridulation in grasshoppers appears to be a suitable model for how the brain selects and controls appropriate behaviours for a given situation.","PeriodicalId":15522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology","volume":"187 2","pages":"155-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003590100188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24795229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 37

The antennal motor system of the stick insect Carausius morosus: anatomy and antennal movement pattern during walking. 竹节虫触角运动系统:解剖与行走时触角运动模式。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2001-03-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590100183

V Dürr, Y König, R Kittmann

{"title":"The antennal motor system of the stick insect Carausius morosus: anatomy and antennal movement pattern during walking.","authors":"V Dürr, Y König, R Kittmann","doi":"10.1007/s003590100183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003590100183","url":null,"abstract":"The stick insect Carausius morosus continuously moves its antennae during locomotion. Active antennal movements may reflect employment of antennae as tactile probes. Therefore, this study treats two basic aspects of the antennal motor system: First, the anatomy of antennal joints, muscles, nerves and motoneurons is described and discussed in comparison with other species. Second, the typical movement pattern of the antennae is analysed, and its spatio-temporal coordination with leg movements described. Each antenna is moved by two single-axis hinge joints. The proximal head-scape joint is controlled by two levator muscles and a three-partite depressor muscle. The distal scape-pedicel joint is controlled by an antagonistic abductor/ adductor pair. Three nerves innervate the antennal musculature, containing axons of 14-17 motoneurons, including one common inhibitor. During walking, the pattern of antennal movement is rhythmic and spatiotemporally coupled with leg movements. The antennal abduction/adduction cycle leads the protraction/retraction cycle of the ipsilateral front leg with a stable phase shift. During one abduction/adduction cycle there are typically two levation/depression cycles, however, with less strict temporal coupling than the horizontal component. Predictions of antennal contacts with square obstacles to occur before leg contacts match behavioural performance, indicating a potential role of active antennal movements in obstacle detection.","PeriodicalId":15522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology","volume":"187 2","pages":"131-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003590100183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24795227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 79

Acoustic detection and communication by decapod crustaceans. 十足甲壳类动物的声探测和通信。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2001-03-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590100184

A N Popper, M Salmon, K W Horch

引用次数: 213

Activity of descending contralateral movement detector neurons and collision avoidance behaviour in response to head-on visual stimuli in locusts. 蝗虫对正面视觉刺激的下行对侧运动探测神经元活动与避碰行为。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2001-03-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590100182

J R Gray, J K Lee, R M Robertson

{"title":"Activity of descending contralateral movement detector neurons and collision avoidance behaviour in response to head-on visual stimuli in locusts.","authors":"J R Gray, J K Lee, R M Robertson","doi":"10.1007/s003590100182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003590100182","url":null,"abstract":"We recorded the activity of the right and left descending contralateral movement detectors responding to 10-cm (small) or 20-cm (large) computer-generated spheres approaching along different trajectories in the locust's frontal field of view. In separate experiments we examined the steering responses of tethered flying locusts to identical stimuli. The descending contralateral movement detectors were more sensitive to variations in target trajectory in the horizontal plane than in the vertical plane. Descending contralateral movement detector activity was related to target trajectory and to target size and was most sensitive to small objects converging on a direct collision course from above and to one side. Small objects failed to induce collision avoidance manoeuvres whereas large objects produced reliable collision avoidance responses. Large targets approaching along a converging trajectory produced steering responses that were either away from or toward the side of approach of the object, whereas targets approaching along trajectories that were offset from the locust's mid-longitudinal body axis primarily evoked responses away from the target. We detected no differences in the discharge properties of the descending contralateral movement detector pair that could account for the different collision avoidance behaviours evoked by varying the target size and trajectories. We suggest that descending contralateral movement detector properties are better suited to predator evasion than collision avoidance.","PeriodicalId":15522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology","volume":"187 2","pages":"115-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003590100182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24795226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 86

Presynaptic effects of octopamine, serotonin, and cocktails of the two modulators on neuromuscular transmission in crustaceans. 章鱼胺、5 -羟色胺的突触前效应及两种调节剂的混合对甲壳类动物神经肌肉传递的影响。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2001-03-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590100187

S Djokaj, R L Cooper, W Rathmayer

{"title":"Presynaptic effects of octopamine, serotonin, and cocktails of the two modulators on neuromuscular transmission in crustaceans.","authors":"S Djokaj, R L Cooper, W Rathmayer","doi":"10.1007/s003590100187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003590100187","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of the biogenic amines octopamine and serotonin, and of both amines combined (cocktails) on transmitter release at neuromuscular junctions of two crustaceans was studied. octopamine (10(-8) mol l(-1) to 10(-6) mol l(-1)) either enhanced or decreased evoked transmitter release through presynaptic effects. The results were identical for the slow and the fast excitor in the closer muscle of the crab, and for the excitor in the opener muscle of the crayfish. Application of serotonin always resulted in a strong increase of release. However, this potentiating effect of serotonin was reduced in strength by subsequent application of cocktails consisting of serotonin and octopamine. In all experiments, a cocktail of serotonin and octopamine was less effective than serotonin alone. The decrease in the mean quantal content m by octopamine was due to a reduction of the probability of release p. Since both amines are synthesized in the central nervous system and are released from neurohaemal organs into the haemolymph bathing the neuromuscular junctions, the results suggest that the two amines, when present together, modulate transmitter release in an antagonistic way, and that the level of the two determines synaptic efficacy.","PeriodicalId":15522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology","volume":"187 2","pages":"145-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003590100187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24795228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 51

Agonistic behavior in naïve juvenile lobsters depleted of serotonin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine. 耗尽5 -羟色胺5,7-二羟色胺naïve幼虾的激动行为。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2001-03-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590000178

S B Doernberg, S I Cromarty, R Heinrich, B S Beltz, E A Kravitz

{"title":"Agonistic behavior in naïve juvenile lobsters depleted of serotonin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine.","authors":"S B Doernberg, S I Cromarty, R Heinrich, B S Beltz, E A Kravitz","doi":"10.1007/s003590000178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003590000178","url":null,"abstract":"We have been exploring the role of serotonin in fighting behavior in lobsters using a specific model of agonistic behavior, the establishment of hierarchical relationships between pairs of socially naive juvenile lobsters. We selected this model because the behavior is easily evoked, readily quantifiable, and the effects of experience are eleminated by using socially naive animals. In these studies we injected a specific neurotoxin, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, into juvenile lobsters over a 4-week period and then measured the effects on fighting behavior. This treatment reduces the levels of serotonin in the nervous system and immunocytochemical studies show a dramatic reduction in neuropil staining for the amine. Control animals received vehicle injection alone. All injected animals were paired against larger or smaller non-injected opponents, and three successive 30-min fights were carried out and statistically analyzed. The results were surprising: As with elevations of serotonin, reduced levels of serotonin increased the amount of time animals engaged in fighting behavior. No significant effects were seen on who initiated encounters, who retreated first, or who the eventual winner would be. Thus, in this model, elevation or reduction of serotonergic function increases the tendency of animals to engage in agonistic encounters.","PeriodicalId":15522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology","volume":"187 2","pages":"91-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003590000178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24795224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 44

Factors influencing the susceptibility of anurans to motion sickness. 影响动物对晕动病易感性的因素。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2001-03-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590100181

T Naitoh, R J Wassersug, N Yamashita

{"title":"Factors influencing the susceptibility of anurans to motion sickness.","authors":"T Naitoh, R J Wassersug, N Yamashita","doi":"10.1007/s003590100181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003590100181","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the propensity for motion sickness in five anuran species, concentrating our efforts on the treefrog Rhacophorus schlegelii, because it had shown the greatest susceptibility to motion sickness in a previous study. We used parabolic flight as our provocative stimulus and fed all specimens a known volume of food 1.5-3 h before flight. The presence of vomitus in a frog's cage was our indicator of motion sickness. Significantly more emesis was observed in flight-exposed than in control R. schlegelii (P < 0.05). There was no sex difference in susceptibility to motion sickness (P > 0.5). Individuals that vomited were significantly larger (P < 0.02) than those that did not. Among microgravity-treated frogs, those that vomited spent on average 85% more time airborne and tumbling in microgravity than those that did not vomit (P=0.031). Our data support the view that postural instability and sensory conflict are elements of motion sickness in anurans. Specifically, conflicts between tactile, vestibular and visual input seem essential for producing motion-induced emesis in anurans. Since the factors that induce motion sickness in R. schlegelii are the same ones that produce motion sickness in humans, arboreal frogs may be useful alternative models to mammals in motion sickness research.","PeriodicalId":15522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology","volume":"187 2","pages":"105-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003590100181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24795225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Temperature dependency of cupular mechanics and hair cell frequency selectivity in the fish canal lateral line organ. 鱼管侧线器官中导管力学和毛细胞频率选择性的温度依赖性。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2000-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590000147

J Esther, C Wiersinga-Post, S M van Netten

{"title":"Temperature dependency of cupular mechanics and hair cell frequency selectivity in the fish canal lateral line organ.","authors":"J Esther, C Wiersinga-Post, S M van Netten","doi":"10.1007/s003590000147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003590000147","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanical frequency selectivity of the cupula located in the supraorbital lateral line canal and the frequency selectivity of the hair cells driven by the cupula were measured simultaneously in vivo. Laser interferometry was used to measure cupular mechanics and extracellular receptor potentials were recorded to determine hair cell frequency selectivity. Results were obtained from two teleost fish species, the ruffe (Acerina cernua L.), a European temperate zone freshwater fish, and the tropical African knife fish (Xenomiystus nigri). In both species cupular displacement grows with increasing frequency of canal fluid displacement, reaching a maximum at 115 Hz in the ruffe and at 460 Hz in the African knife fish. Cupular best frequencies were independent of temperature. Cut-off frequencies of hair cell frequency selectivity were found to depend on temperature with a Q10 of 1.75, ranging from 116 Hz (4 degrees C) to 290 Hz (20 degrees C), as established in the ruffe. At normal habitat temperatures of the two fish species (ruffe, 4 degrees C; African knife fish, 28 degrees C), this results in hair cell cut-off frequencies that match the two different cupular best frequencies remarkably well. This match suggests adjusted signal transfer in these two peripheral stages of canal lateral line transduction.","PeriodicalId":15522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology","volume":"186 10","pages":"949-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003590000147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21960903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Toxicity of Co2+: implications for lateral line studies. Co2+的毒性:侧线研究的意义。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2000-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590000148

J Janssen

引用次数: 57

Running wheel size influences circadian rhythm period and its phase shift in mice. 跑步轮大小影响小鼠昼夜节律周期及其相移。

Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Pub Date : 2000-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s003590000150

T Deboer, I Tobler

{"title":"Running wheel size influences circadian rhythm period and its phase shift in mice.","authors":"T Deboer, I Tobler","doi":"10.1007/s003590000150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s003590000150","url":null,"abstract":"Running wheels are widely used in studies on biological rhythms. In mice wheel diameters have ranged from 11 cm to 23 cm. We provided mice with running wheels of two different sizes: 15 cm diameter and 11 cm diameter. The amount of running in the 12-h light:12-h dark condition and the endogenous period of wheel running in constant darkness was determined over 40 days. On the 1st day in constant darkness all animals were exposed to a 15-min light pulse at circadian time 13. The animals in the small wheel ran significantly less both in 12 h light: 12 h dark and constant darkness, and showed a longer endogenous period in constant darkness compared to animals in the large wheel. Moreover, after the light pulse at circadian time 13, mice in the small wheel showed a significantly smaller phase delay in running wheel activity than mice in the larger wheels. The data suggest that the magnitude of a photic phase shift depends on the amount and timing of activity the animals display in relation to this stimulus. It can be concluded that technical features of the running wheel can influence the circadian period of wheel running.","PeriodicalId":15522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of comparative physiology. A, Sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology","volume":"186 10","pages":"969-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s003590000150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21960906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 37