Journal of Clinical Virology最新文献

{"title":"Anti-cluster A and anti-p24 antibodies in people with multidrug-resistant HIV: Preliminary observations from the PRESTIGIO registry","authors":"Tommaso Clemente ,&nbsp;Mehdi Benlarbi ,&nbsp;Rebecka Papaioannu Borjesson ,&nbsp;Elisa Garlassi ,&nbsp;Maria Cristina Moioli ,&nbsp;Elisa Fronti ,&nbsp;Pierluigi Reali ,&nbsp;Leonardo Calza ,&nbsp;Maria Mazzitelli ,&nbsp;Andrea Giacomelli ,&nbsp;Maurizio Zazzi ,&nbsp;Maria Mercedes Santoro ,&nbsp;Andrés Finzi ,&nbsp;Antonella Castagna ,&nbsp;on behalf of the PRESTIGIO Study Group","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Data on soluble gp120 (sgp120) and anti-HIV antibodies are lacking in people with HIV (PWH) and multidrug resistance, characterized by high inflammation and disease burden. We aimed to investigate the relationship between immuno-virological features and sgp120, anti-cluster A, anti-p24, and anti-CD4 binding site (anti-CD4bs) antibodies in 4-class drug-resistant (4DR) individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cross-sectional study on PWH with resistance to nucleoside and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase, protease, and integrase inhibitors. Sgp120, anti-cluster A, anti-p24, and anti-CD4bs antibodies were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. K-means clustering based on normalized anti-cluster A and anti-p24 levels identified antibody profiles. Associations with clinical variables were assessed using descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 80 4DR-PWH evaluated. Sgp120 and anti-CD4bs antibodies were detected in 12.5 % and 8.8 %, respectively, and not significantly associated with immuno-virological characteristics.</div><div>Based on anti-cluster A and anti-p24 levels, four PWH clusters were identified. Participants with low anti-p24 and high anti-cluster A antibodies showed more frequent detectable viremia (p = 0.018), lower CD4⁺/CD8⁺ (p = 0.044), and shorter ART duration (p = 0.025). CD4⁺ nadir (p = 0.036) followed a similar trend, except with high anti-p24 levels. Recent 4DR onset (p = 0.029) was linked to increasing anti-cluster A antibodies. At multivariable analysis, detectable viremia (p = 0.035) and ART duration (p = 0.022) remained significantly associated with cluster assignment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Among 4DR-PWH, a specific antibody signature characterized by high anti-cluster A and low anti-p24 levels was associated with unsuppressed viremia and, potentially, immunological impairment. These findings provide preliminary insights into the interplay between anti-HIV humoral responses and immuno-virological features in this fragile population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 105886"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145458506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and molecular characterisation of tick-borne encephalitis virus in CSF and serum in relation to disease severity","authors":"Magnus Klinteskog ,&nbsp;Anita Koskela von Sydow ,&nbsp;Naveed Asghar ,&nbsp;Magnus Johansson ,&nbsp;Anna J. Henningsson ,&nbsp;Martin Sundqvist ,&nbsp;Per-Eric Lindgren ,&nbsp;Lukas Frans Ocias","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to 1) detect tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) RNA in clinical samples from patients with TBE, 2) characterise the detected RNA using Sanger sequencing, and 3) examine whether RNA detection was associated with disease severity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We studied 137 patients infected and diagnosed with TBE between 2016 and 2021 in Region Örebro County and Region Värmland. Biobanked serum (n = 129) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF; n = 110) samples were analysed. Serum was tested for TBEV-specific antibodies, and both serum and CSF for TBEV RNA using PCR. Following nested PCR, the 5′ non-coding region (5′NCR) of five samples underwent Sanger sequencing. Disease severity was assessed based on intensive care unit (ICU) admission, duration of ICU stay and need for mechanical ventilation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>TBEV RNA was detected in 5 serum samples (3.9 %) and 7 CSF samples (6.4 %), representing 10 patients (7.3 %). Patients with detectable RNA were older, more frequently admitted to an ICU (p = 0.04), and more often required mechanical ventilation (p = 0.01) compared to those without detectable TBEV RNA. Sequencing of the 5′NCR in four patients revealed differences from the 5 ´NCR of the Swedish reference strain Torö-2003. The Örebro sequences were identical but differed from the Värmland sequences at two nucleotide positions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>TBEV RNA was detectable in both serum and CSF of TBE patients, and its presence was associated with more frequent ICU admission and need for mechanical ventilation. Sequencing of the 5′NCR revealed genetic variation between TBEV sequences from patients in Örebro and Värmland.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 105885"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145463047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and performance of a real-time RT-PCR assay for detection of influenza C viruses","authors":"Bo Shu ,&nbsp;William G. Davis ,&nbsp;Ji Liu ,&nbsp;Beth K. Thielen ,&nbsp;Sarah Bistodeau ,&nbsp;Brian Lynch ,&nbsp;Christine M. Warnes ,&nbsp;Jimma Liddell ,&nbsp;Anna K. Strain ,&nbsp;Jaime Christensen ,&nbsp;Phili Wong ,&nbsp;Natasha Burnett ,&nbsp;Todd C. Davis ,&nbsp;Marie K. Kirby","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Influenza C virus (ICV) usually causes a mild upper respiratory tract infection in children and those infected are frequently co-infected with other respiratory viruses. However, there have only been a few hundred documented cases of ICV infection in humans as of the end of 2024. To better understand the epidemiology and clinical impact of ICVs, we developed an influenza C real-time RT-PCR (InfC rRT-PCR) assay that targets a highly conserved region of the matrix gene segment of ICVs. The analytical sensitivity evaluation demonstrated that the InfC rRT-PCR assay was highly sensitive, as it was able to detect as few as five RNA copies per PCR reaction and had robust reactivity over a range of viral RNAs from historical and recent ICVs. The analytical specificity evaluation confirmed the assay did not cross-react with any influenza A or B viruses tested, including several animal-origin viruses, or other common non-influenza respiratory viruses. The performance evaluation on clinical specimens demonstrated the assay was highly sensitive and specific for the detection of ICVs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 105874"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145206489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of human herpesvirus type 6 DNA in cerebrospinal fluid is rarely clinically significant","authors":"Arvid Edén ,&nbsp;Amanda Ahlin ,&nbsp;Magnus Lindh ,&nbsp;Johan Westin","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is included in syndromic panels for diagnostics of CNS infections, but the clinical significance of the detection is often unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the clinical importance of detectable HHV-6 DNA in CSF.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>We retrospectively investigated the clinical significance of detection of HHV-6 DNA in all clinical CSF samples that were analyzed between 2010 and 2021 using in-house PCR or the FilmArray meningitis/encephalitis (ME) panel. The clinical significance of HHV-6 was evaluated by review of electronic medical records (EMR) and categorized as unlikely, possible or likely for each case.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 8778 samples from 8222 individuals, HHV-6 DNA was detected in CSF in 113 (1.4 %). After EMR review, the clinical importance of HHV-6 was categorized as likely in three (3 %; including one with meningoencephalitis), possible in 15 (14 %) and unlikely in 95 (83 %) cases. No significant difference in HHV-6 DNA levels was seen between these categories. Seven of ten initiated antiviral therapies were unnecessary (integrated HHV-6 n = 4; primary infection without CNS complications n = 3).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In this large clinical sample, nearly all HHV-6 detections were either of unlikely diagnostic importance or did not require specific medical interventions. Moreover, in most cases where antiviral therapy was initiated, treatment was either erroneous (integration) or unmotivated (limited disease). These results indicate that the utility of including HHV-6 in routine syndromic diagnostic panels for CNS infections is questionable, and that appropriate guidance from the laboratory to aid attending clinicians is prudent to avoid unnecessary, expensive and potentially toxic therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 105884"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A laboratory-developed test for the automated molecular detection of mpox clade I, mpox clade II, and non-variola Orthopoxvirus using the Panther Fusion® System","authors":"Kajal M. Patel,&nbsp;Erika A. Roloff,&nbsp;Paa K. Annobil,&nbsp;Pushker Raj","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105887","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to the ongoing clade II mpox (formerly monkeypox) outbreak and the emergence and rapid spread of clade I mpox, public health laboratories need an effective testing method for identifying and monitoring mpox cases. The currently available assays are either labor-intensive, low-throughput, and/or unable to differentiate between clade I and clade II mpox, making them less than ideal for the current global public health emergency. Additionally, the lack of the non-variola <em>Orthopoxvirus</em> target in an mpox assay creates the chance of missing cases due to mutations within the clade-specific target genome regions. We present the development of a fully automated nucleic acid extraction and RT-PCR laboratory-developed test (LDT) for the detection of clade I mpox, clade II mpox, non-variola <em>Orthopoxvirus</em>, and RNase P. This automated assay runs on the Panther Fusion® System, which has an Open Access feature that allows LDTs to utilize the platform’s automated nucleic acid extraction, RT-PCR, and automated results generation features. To assess assay performance, 63 previously tested and 16 contrived specimens were tested. The mpox multiplex LDT demonstrated 100 % positive and negative agreement with the reference assays. Analytical sensitivity was 1.37 × 104 copies/mL for all targets, with amplification efficiencies of 103.8 %, 104.1 %, 96.2 %, and 98.9 % for mpox clade I, mpox clade II, NVO, and RNase P, respectively. The mpox multiplex LDT assay was successfully developed for high-throughput testing and can be rapidly adopted by other laboratories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 105887"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility of cytomegalovirus (CMV) qualitative polymerase chain reaction from gastrointestinal biopsies in diagnosis of CMV gastrointestinal disease: A 10-year retrospective study","authors":"Cole Schonhofer ,&nbsp;Calvin Ka-Fung Lo ,&nbsp;Daniel R. Owen ,&nbsp;Khuloud Aldhaheri ,&nbsp;Nancy Matic ,&nbsp;Christopher F. Lowe ,&nbsp;David F. Schaeffer ,&nbsp;Sara Belga ,&nbsp;Alissa Wright","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cytomegalovirus (CMV) gastrointestinal (GI) disease is traditionally diagnosed via histopathology of endoscopic tissue biopsies. The utility of tissue PCR for predicting CMV GI disease remains unclear. We conducted a 10-year retrospective single-center study comparing tissue PCR performance to histopathology for the diagnosis of CMV GI disease.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Adult patients with GI tissue biopsy between February 2014 and January 2024 were included. Qualitative tissue PCR was compared to histopathology (gold standard) to determine sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Log-binomial regression models were performed to evaluate potential predictors of CMV GI disease.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our study comprised 533 patients with 635 endoscopies. Underlying diagnoses included solid organ transplant, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), inflammatory bowel disease, and others. Histopathologic evidence of CMV disease was found in 41/635 biopsies and in 37/533 patients. Compared to histopathology, tissue PCR sensitivity was 100 % (95 % CI 91.4–100 %), and specificity was 71.7 % (67.9–75.3 %). Area under ROC curve (AUC) was 0.86 (0.84–0.88). Exclusion of specimens with cycle threshold &gt;32 increased specificity to 82.7 % (79.4–85.6 %) but at the cost of decreased sensitivity (87.8 %, 73.8–95.9 %). Multivariable analyses demonstrated that plasma CMV DNAemia &gt;1000 IU/mL increased risk of GI disease (risk ratio 10.9, 95 % CI 5.32–22.49) while HSCT was negatively associated (risk ratio 0.18, 95 % 0.05–0.78).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CMV tissue PCR correctly identified CMV GI disease in 100 % of histology-proven cases. Specificity was poor, likely reflecting detection of viral shedding. Overall, our study suggests that CMV tissue PCR should be reserved to rule out CMV GI disease in high pre-test probability settings (e.g. patients with known risk factors and compatible symptoms).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 105879"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145292350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic insights from the 2024 West Nile Virus outbreak in Israel: Emphasizing the utility of molecular testing over serology","authors":"Victoria Indenbaum ,&nbsp;Or Kriger ,&nbsp;Zohar Mor ,&nbsp;Efrat Rorman ,&nbsp;Liora Guy David ,&nbsp;Oran Erster ,&nbsp;Danit Sofer ,&nbsp;Ravit Koren ,&nbsp;Shiri Katz Likvornik ,&nbsp;Osnat Halpern ,&nbsp;Enosh Tomer ,&nbsp;Oren Shetach Katabi ,&nbsp;Moran Sharon ,&nbsp;Hila De-Leon ,&nbsp;Sharon Alroy-Preis ,&nbsp;Yaniv Lustig","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In 2024, Israel experienced its largest West Nile Virus (WNV) outbreak, reporting 934 cases. Diagnosis primarily relies on serological testing for IgM antibodies; however, cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses and prolonged IgM persistence complicate interpretation. Molecular testing is less utilized due to concerns about the short duration of viremia and potential false negatives.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the diagnostic reliability and persistence of WNV molecular testing across different sample types compared to serological testing, leveraging the extensive sample collection during the 2024 outbreak in Israel.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Samples from 919 WNV cases, including whole blood (WB), serum, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were evaluated. WNV RNA, IgM antibodies and IgG avidity were tested on all sample types, serum and CSF and serum, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>WNV RNA was detected in 91 % of WB samples, and observed up to 52 days post-symptom onset. Detection rates were lower in serum (82 %), urine (71 %), and CSF (53 %), with shorter detection windows. Viral concentrations were highest in urine, followed by WB with serum, and CSF, the lowest. IgM antibodies were present in 83 % of serum and 86 % of CSF samples. RNA detection rates were comparable between hospitals (91 %) and health maintenance organizations (HMOs) (92 %), but IgM positivity was significantly higher in hospitals (91 %) than in HMOs (69 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Molecular testing on WB offers the highest sensitivity and longest detection window for WNV RNA. Molecular diagnosis enhances accuracy, facilitates earlier detection, and improves clinical and public health response strategies compared to serological diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 105857"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144921164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylodynamics of human metapneumovirus and evidence for a duplication-deletion model in G gene variant evolution","authors":"Stephanie Goya ,&nbsp;Ethan B. Nunley ,&nbsp;Preston C. Longley ,&nbsp;Jamie R. Mathis ,&nbsp;Christina G. Varela ,&nbsp;Da Yae Kim ,&nbsp;Marc Nurik ,&nbsp;Samia N. Naccache ,&nbsp;Alexander L. Greninger","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In December 2024, human metapneumovirus (hMPV) gained global attention amid rising cases in Chinese hospitals, prompting a World Health, Organization (WHO) statement indicating case numbers remained within expected ranges. To assess whether a variant of public health concern was emerging and to examine global hMPV phylodynamics, we conducted a genomic surveillance study in western Washington State.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>We sequenced hMPV genomes from inpatient and outpatient samples collected between 2021 and 2025 in western Washington State and constructed phylogenomic and phylodynamic trees.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We obtained 60 hMPV-A and 39 hMPV-B genomes, including 13 from November 2024 to January 2025. Following COVID-19 pandemic disruptions, hMPV seasonality returned to typical patterns after 2023. Genomic analysis showed hMPV-A predominance since 2022–23, with co-circulation of A2b1, A2b2, B1, and B2 sublineages. The A2b2 sublineage was most prevalent and all genomes carried a 111-nt G gene duplication. Phylogenetic evidence suggests the 111-nt variant evolved from a prior 180-nt duplication via a 69-nt deletion rather than through independent duplication events. Most sublineages showed multiple co-circulating clades, except A2b1. Phylodynamics showed recovery of global diversity after pandemic-related declines and a higher evolutionary rate in hMPV-A compared to hMPV-B. No distinct evolutionary features of heightened concern were detected.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Despite recent concerns, our findings indicate that hMPV circulation in, the USA follows expected seasonal patterns, with ongoing introductions of diverse viral variants from preexisting sublineages rather than emergence of a novel variant. Continued genomic surveillance is essential, particularly as vaccine development progresses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 105848"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical evaluation of Xpert HIV Qual XC assay in diverse HIV-1 subtypes circulating in China","authors":"Jiafeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaobei Ding ,&nbsp;Qin Fan ,&nbsp;Xinghui Gao ,&nbsp;Mingli Zhu ,&nbsp;Wenjie Luo ,&nbsp;Yan Xia ,&nbsp;Yiwei Tang ,&nbsp;Chengliang Chai ,&nbsp;Jianmin Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Early and accurate HIV-1 diagnosis is crucial for timely treatment initiation and transmission prevention. This study evaluated the clinical performance of the Xpert HIV Qual XC assay in detecting HIV-1 across diverse subtypes in China.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 242 whole blood samples (215 HIV-1-positive, 15 negative, plus 12 with non-HIV pathogens) were tested. Sensitivity, specificity, kappa coefficient, and correlations between Ct values and log₁₀ viral loads were analyzed. Operational performance was compared to the COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HIV-1 Qualitative Test v2.0 (referred to as the COBAS system) regarding turnaround time (TAT) and reagent usage efficiency.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The Xpert assay demonstrated a high sensitivity of 99.07 % and a specificity of 100.00 %, with an overall agreement of 99.18 % with clinical diagnoses. The detection rates varied by viral load and achieved 100.00 % accuracy for samples with viral loads above 50 copies/mL, but decreased to 84.62 %(11/13) for samples with extremely low viral loads (&lt;50 copies/mL). The assay successfully detected a wide range of HIV-1 subtypes, including CRF07_BC, CRF01_AE, and CRF08_BC, which reflects the genetic diversity in China. Additionally, the Xpert assay provides rapid results within 90 min and requires fewer reagents than COBAS system, making it a viable point-of-care testing option.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The Xpert HIV Qual XC assay shows excellent performance across diverse HIV-1 subtypes and is well-suited for decentralized diagnostic settings, supporting improved early diagnosis of HIV and treatment efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 105844"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144768717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and its sequelae in the immunocompetent host","authors":"Madeline R. Meirhaeghe ,&nbsp;Henry H. Balfour Jr.","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105854","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is best known as the cause of infectious mononucleosis, which is the most common clinical manifestation of primary EBV infection. Infectious mononucleosis is not a trivial disease, but its importance is overshadowed by the disease burden due to the sequelae of primary EBV infection. This review focuses on the sequelae of EBV infection in the immunocompetent host. These include cancers of lymphoid and epithelial cells, and autoimmune diseases, especially multiple sclerosis (MS).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 105854"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}