Journal of Clinical Virology最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum to A systematic review and meta-analysis of the risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) resistance in people treated with entecavir or tenofovir.","authors":"Sheila F. Lumley , Marion Delphin , Jolynne Mokaya , Cedric C.S. Tan , Emily Martyn , Motswedi Anderson , Ka Chun Li , Elizabeth Waddilove , Gloria Sukali , Louise O. Downs , Khadija Said , Dorcas Okanda , Cori Campbell , Eli Harriss , Yusuke Shimakawa , Philippa C. Matthews","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105716","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 105716"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386653224000787/pdfft?md5=6b4bb575710a50c791994288890ff806&pid=1-s2.0-S1386653224000787-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141784344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic evolution of influenza during the 2023–2024 season, the johns hopkins health system","authors":"Madeline Yunker ,&nbsp;David A. Villafuerte ,&nbsp;Amary Fall ,&nbsp;Julie M. Norton ,&nbsp;Omar Abdullah ,&nbsp;Richard E. Rothman ,&nbsp;Katherine Z.J. Fenstermacher ,&nbsp;C.Paul Morris ,&nbsp;Andrew Pekosz ,&nbsp;Eili Klein ,&nbsp;Heba H. Mostafa","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Influenza, a human disease caused by viruses in the Orthomyxoviridae family, is estimated to infect 5% –10 % of adults and 20% –30 % of children annually. Influenza A (IAV) and Influenza B (IBV) viruses accumulate amino acid substitutions (AAS) in the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins seasonally. These changes, as well as the dominating viral subtypes, vary depending on geographical location, which may impact disease prevalence and the severity of the season. Genomic surveillance is crucial for capturing circulation patterns and characterizing AAS that may affect disease outcomes, vaccine efficacy, or antiviral drug activities. In this study, whole-genome sequencing of IAV and IBV was attempted on positive remnant clinical samples (587) collected from 580 patients between June 2023 and February 2024 in the Johns Hopkins Health System (JHHS). Full-length HA segments were obtained from 424 (72.2 %) samples. H1N1pdm09 (71.7 %) was the predominant IAV subtype, followed by H3N2 (16.7 %) and IBV-Victoria clade V1A.3a.2 (11.6 %). Within H1N1pdm09 HA sequences, the 6B1A.5a.2a.1 (60.5 %) clade was the most represented. Full-length NA segments were obtained from 421 (71.7 %) samples. Within H1N1pdm09 and IBV, AAS previously proposed to change susceptibility to NA inhibitors were infrequently detected. Phylogeny of HA and NA demonstrated heterogeneous HA and NA H1N1pdm09 and IBV subclades. No significant differences were observed in admission rates or use of supplemental oxygen between different subtypes or clades. Influenza virus genomic surveillance is essential for understanding the seasonal evolution of influenza viruses and their association with disease prevalence and outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 105718"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386653224000805/pdfft?md5=0e18b1b03770eeb2fe159be7a3766aee&pid=1-s2.0-S1386653224000805-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141850580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV-1 genotypic resistance testing using single molecule real-time sequencing","authors":"Stéphanie Raymond ,&nbsp;Nicolas Jeanne ,&nbsp;Camille Vellas ,&nbsp;Florence Nicot ,&nbsp;Karine Saune ,&nbsp;Noémie Ranger ,&nbsp;Justine Latour ,&nbsp;Romain Carcenac ,&nbsp;Agnès Harter ,&nbsp;Pierre Delobel ,&nbsp;Jacques Izopet","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>HIV-1 resistance testing is recommended in clinical management and next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods are now available in many virology laboratories.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To evaluate the diagnostic performance of Long-Read Single Molecule Real-time (SMRT) sequencing (Sequel, PacBio) for HIV-1 polymerase genotyping.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>111 prospective clinical samples (83 plasma and 28 leukocyte-enriched blood fraction) were analyzed for routine HIV-1 resistance genotyping using Sanger sequencing, Vela NGS, and SMRT sequencing. We developed a SMRT sequencing protocol and a bio-informatics pipeline to infer antiretroviral resistance on both haplotype and variant calling approaches.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The polymerase was successfully sequenced by the three platforms in 98 % of plasma RNA samples for viral loads above 4 log copies/mL. The success rate decreased to 83 % using Sanger or Vela sequencing and to 67 % using SMRT sequencing for viral loads of 3 to 4 log copies/mL. Sensitivities of 50 %, 54 % and 61 % were obtained using SMRT, Vela, and Sanger sequencing, respectively, in cellular DNA from patients with prolonged undetectable plasma HIV-1 RNA. Ninety-eight percent of resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) identified with Sanger sequencing were detected using SMRT sequencing. Furthermore, 91 % of RAMs (&gt; 5 % threshold) identified with Vela NGS were detected using SMRT sequencing. RAM quantification using Vela and SMRT sequencing was well correlated (Spearman correlation ρ = 0.82; P &lt; 0.0001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>SMRT sequencing of the full-length HIV-1 polymerase appeared performant for characterizing HIV-1 genotypic resistance on both RNA and DNA clinical samples. Long-read sequencing is a new tool for mutation haplotyping and resistance analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 105717"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141784345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterising the molecular epidemiology of human parechovirus in young infants in the UK and Canada","authors":"Seilesh Kadambari ,&nbsp;Heli Harvala ,&nbsp;Dung Nguyen ,&nbsp;Manish Sadarangani ,&nbsp;Natalie G Martin ,&nbsp;Ghada N. Al-Rawahi ,&nbsp;Inna Sekirov ,&nbsp;Sylviane Defres ,&nbsp;Tom Solomon ,&nbsp;Tanya Golubchik ,&nbsp;Rory Bowden ,&nbsp;Andrew J Pollard ,&nbsp;Peter Simmonds","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>We evaluated the extent of virus heterogeneity in PeV infected infants in the UK, Canada and Australia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Samples were collected from PeV infected infants during 2013–16. Next generation sequencing was used to obtain sequencing data and construct phylogenetic trees based on analysis of the VP1 region. Comparison was made with sequencing data available from an outbreak in Australia.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We amplified and sequenced 58 samples. All obtained PeV sequences were genotype 3 apart from one UK sample which was PeV-A5. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all strains clustered together on the same clade and showed no significant genetic variation. We saw no significant evidence of association between sequence and either clinical severity (defined by admission to paediatric intensive care), geographical origin (compared between Canada and U.K) or year of sample collection (samples sequenced during 2013 – 2018).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In this small cohort, sequencing data indicate that PeV circulating in the UK and Canada from 2013 to 18 are derived from a common ancestor. No association between disease severity and genetic sequence was seen in the UK or Canadian cohorts. Larger studies are required to support these findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 105715"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386653224000775/pdfft?md5=1811610f423921eb8a709a05215011a7&pid=1-s2.0-S1386653224000775-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141784346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimising nucleic acid recovery from rapid antigen tests for whole genome sequencing of respiratory viruses","authors":"G Butel-Simoes ,&nbsp;E Steinig ,&nbsp;I Savic ,&nbsp;M Zhanduisenov ,&nbsp;G Papadakis ,&nbsp;T Tran ,&nbsp;J Moselen ,&nbsp;L Caly ,&nbsp;DA Williamson ,&nbsp;CK Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of respiratory viruses from rapid antigen tests (RAT-WGS) is a novel approach to expanding genomic surveillance of respiratory infections. To date however, there are limited data on the genomic stability of these viruses on RATs. In this study, we investigated the effect of storage conditions and nucleic acid preservatives on the ability to enhance stability and improve recovery of respiratory virus genomes from RATs.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A mixture of common respiratory viruses was used to inoculate RATs at different environmental temperatures (4°C, 20°C and 36°C), with two preservative reagents (RNALater and DNA/RNA shield) Nucleic acid was extracted from RATs at two different timepoints (72 h and seven days) and subject to real-time multiplex respiratory PCR to detect a range of respiratory viruses. WGS was performed using target-enrichment with the TWIST Comprehensive Viral Research Panel. Defined metrics from an automated in-house bioinformatic pipeline were used to assess and compare viral genome recovery under different conditions.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Nucleic acid degradation (indicated by relative change in PCR cycle threshold and WGS-based metrics) was most notable at 20 °C and 36 °C. Storage in either RNALater or DNA / RNA shield improved genome recovery for respiratory viruses across all temperature conditions, although this was most pronounced for RNALater. Subtyping of Influenza viruses demonstrated the applicability of RAT-WGS in downstream genomic epidemiological surveillance.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Under simulated conditions, RAT-WGS demonstrated that (i) viral genomes were generally stable at 4°C at 72 h and 1 week, (ii) RNALater has a more significant preservation of nucleic acids compared to DNA/RNA Shield and (iii) genome recovery can be achieved using a sequencing depth of 500,000 reads per sample in RNALater, across all respiratory viruses and conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 105714"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386653224000763/pdfft?md5=f50d339c540d3690c352e4d137a662ba&pid=1-s2.0-S1386653224000763-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141705848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epstein-Barr virus qPCR testing on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from immunocompromised patients","authors":"Brooke Liang ,&nbsp;Jordan Mah ,&nbsp;Malaya K. Sahoo ,&nbsp;Benjamin A. Pinsky","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is associated with lung disease in immunocompromised patients, particularly transplant recipients. EBV DNA testing of lower respiratory tract specimens may have diagnostic utility.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This was a retrospective, observational study of all patients with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids submitted for EBV qPCR testing from February 2016 to June 2022 at the Stanford Clinical Virology Laboratory.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were 140 patients that underwent 251 EBV qPCR BAL tests (median 1; range 1 – 10). These patients had a mean age of 15.9 years (standard deviation, 15.1 years) and 50 % were female. Transplant recipients accounted for 67.1 % (94/140) of patients, including 67.0 % (63/94) solid organ transplant (SOT) and 33.0 % (31/94) hematopoietic cell transplant. Diagnostic testing was performed more commonly than surveillance testing [57.0 % (143/251) v. 43.0 % (108/251)]; 96.2 % (104/108) of surveillance samples were from lung transplant recipients. Excluding internal control failures, 34.7 % (83/239) of BAL had detectable EBV DNA, encompassing a wide range of viral loads (median=3.03 log₁₀ IU/mL, range 1.44 to 6.06). Overall agreement of EBV DNA in BAL compared to plasma was 74.1 % [117/158; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 66.5 % to 80.7 %], with a kappa coefficient of 0.44 (95 % CI: 0.30 to 0.57). Only 20.1 % (48/239) of results were discussed in a subsequent clinical note, and one result (0.4 %; 1/239) changed clinical management.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>EBV qPCR testing on BAL offers limited clinical impact. Additional biomarkers are required to improve the diagnosis of EBV-associated lung diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 105705"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141603727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility, performances and predictive value of congenital CMV neonatal screening on saliva swabs","authors":"Vincent Portet Sulla ,&nbsp;Barkwendé Kabore ,&nbsp;Rana Rafek ,&nbsp;Amal Chaghouri ,&nbsp;Gwenaëlle Decombe ,&nbsp;Julia Lubrano Di Ciccone ,&nbsp;Lina Mouna ,&nbsp;Emmanuelle Letamendia-Richard ,&nbsp;Christelle Vauloup-Fellous","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Early diagnosis of congenital CMV infection (cCMVI) allows for early intervention and follow-up to detect delayed hearing loss. While CMV PCR in urine is the gold standard for cCMVI diagnosis, saliva testing is often performed.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Our aim was to determine (i) if swab saliva sampling needed standardization, (ii) if a threshold value in “virus copies per million cells (Mc)” in saliva samples could improve clinical specificity, and (iii) to establish a correlation between viral load in saliva and symptomatology/outcome of cCMVI.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>In our institution, universal newborn screening is performed on saliva swabs at delivery or until day 3 of life. If positive, CMV PCR in urine is done within 2 weeks to confirm or exclude cCMVI.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Cell quantification showed that saliva swab sampling was well performed as 95.4 % samples had more than 100 cells/10 µL. There was a good correlation between saliva viral load in copies/mL and in copies/Mc (Pearson's <em>r</em> = 0.96, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001). However, threshold values, established to determine a viral load level at which we could confidently identify infected newborns, did not improve positive predictive value (21.8 % for copies/mL and 21 % for copies/Mc vs 25.4 % without threshold) but instead reduced sensitivity (88 % and 85% vs 100 % without threshold). Samples collected on day 2 or 3 had better positive predictive value (38.7 %) compared to those collected on day 1 (23.8 %). Symptomatology at birth was not significantly associated with viral load in saliva at diagnosis. However, sequelae occurrence was associated with viral load in saliva (copies/Mc).</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Our results confirm that saliva swab is a suitable sample for universal neonatal screening. However, identifying newborns that will develop sequelae remains an issue in the management of cCMVI.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 105713"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141709597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of the new Access HIV Ag/Ab combo assay on the DxI 9000 Access Immunoassay Analyzer","authors":"V. Lemée ,&nbsp;S. Gréaume ,&nbsp;J. Gautier ,&nbsp;S.A. Dzamitika ,&nbsp;C. Coignard ,&nbsp;S.A. Jortani ,&nbsp;B. Grillet ,&nbsp;M. Badawi ,&nbsp;J-C. Plantier","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fourth-generation HIV immunoassays have been developed to reduce the window period of detection during seroconversion period, allowing for the detection of early and established infections. The aim of this work was to evaluate a newly developed assay, Access HIV Ag/Ab combo on the novel high throughput DxI 9000 Access Immunoassay Analyzer (Beckman Coulter, Inc.). The assay allows for simultaneous qualitative detection and differentiation of HIV-1 p24 antigen and HIV-1/2 antibodies.</p><p>Assay performance was compared to two gold standard assays, the Abbott Architect HIV Ag/Ab Combo and Roche Elecsys HIV Duo, and assessed in a multicenter study, using a wide panel of samples (<em>n</em> &gt; 9000, clinical samples and viral lysates) representative of genetic diversity for both antibodies and antigens, early phases of infection, negative, and cross-reacting samples.</p><p>The clinical sensitivity was 100 % for clinical samples as well as for viral lysates. Data on viral lysates and early detection on seroconversion panels showed a better result with the Access assay. Analytical sensitivity showed a limit of p24 detection determined around 0.2 IU/mL. The overall specificity was 99.91 %, and no interference was found using the potentially cross-reactive samples.</p><p>In conclusion, the Access HIV Ag/Ab combo assay demonstrated its ability for accurate diagnosis of chronic as well as primary HIV infections on the DxI 9000 Analyzer, despite the high level of genetic diversity of these viruses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 105712"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S138665322400074X/pdfft?md5=213d9b5ccd1f8f2991aaf89265074c9c&pid=1-s2.0-S138665322400074X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141715637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) resistance in people treated with entecavir or tenofovir","authors":"Sheila F. Lumley ,&nbsp;Marion Delphin ,&nbsp;Jolynne F. Mokaya ,&nbsp;Cedric C.S. Tan ,&nbsp;Emily Martyn ,&nbsp;Motswedi Anderson ,&nbsp;Ka Chun Li ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Waddilove ,&nbsp;Gloria Sukali ,&nbsp;Louise O. Downs ,&nbsp;Khadija Said ,&nbsp;Dorcas Okanda ,&nbsp;Cori Campbell ,&nbsp;Eli Harriss ,&nbsp;Yusuke Shimakawa ,&nbsp;Philippa C. Matthews","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>As nucleos/tide analogue (NA) therapy (e.g. entecavir and tenofovir) for chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection becomes more widely indicated and available, understanding drug resistance is essential. A systematic review to quantify resistance to these agents has not previously been undertaken.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We performed a systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis to estimate the risk of HBV resistance to entecavir and tenofovir. We searched nine databases up to 29-Aug-23. We included studies of HBV infection featuring &gt;10 individuals, written in English, reporting treatment ≥48 weeks, with assessment of HBV resistance based on viral sequence data. Data were analysed according to prior exposure history to NA, and choice of NA agent. Analyses were performed in R.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>62 studies involving a total of 12,358 participants were included. For entecavir, in treatment-naive individuals (22 studies; 4326 individuals), resistance increased over time to 0.9 % at ≥5 years (95 %CI 0.1–2.3 %), and resistance was increased in NA-experienced individuals (18 studies; 1112 individuals), to 20.1 % (95 %CI 1.6–50.1 %) at ≥5 years. For tenofovir, pooled resistance risk was 0.0 % at all time points, whether previously NA naive (11 studies; 3778 individuals) or experienced (19 studies; 2059 individuals). There was a lack of consistent definitions, poor global representation and insufficient metadata to support subgroup analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><p>We have generated the first pooled estimates of HBV entecavir and tenofovir resistance over time. HBV resistance to entecavir in treatment-experienced groups in particular may represent a clinical and public health challenge. To date, tenofovir appears to have an excellent resistance profile, but due to data gaps, we caution that existing studies under-estimate the true real-world risk of resistance. Robust prospective data collection is crucial to reduce health inequities and reduce blind-spots in surveillance as treatment is rolled out more widely<strong>.</strong></p></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 105711"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386653224000738/pdfft?md5=7361359e6e45827959a63a40bf06b041&pid=1-s2.0-S1386653224000738-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141590443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of dried blood spots for Epstein–Barr virus nucleic acid testing","authors":"Mei Peng ,&nbsp;Hui-Lan Li ,&nbsp;Aixia Zhai,&nbsp;Qian-Ying Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous and oncogenic virus that is associated with various malignancies and non-malignant diseases and EBV DNA detection is widely used for the diagnosis and prognosis prediction for these diseases. The dried blood spots (DBS) sampling method holds great potential as an alternative to venous blood samples in geographically remote areas, for individuals with disabilities, or for newborn blood collection. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the viability of detecting EBV DNA load from DBS. Matched whole blood and DBS samples were collected for EBV DNA extraction and quantification detection. EBV DNA detection in DBS presented a specificity of 100 %. At different EBV DNA viral load in whole blood, the sensitivity of EBV DNA detection in DBS was 38.78 % (≥1 copies/mL), 43.18 % (≥500 copies/mL), 58.63 % (≥1000 copies/mL), 71.43 % (≥2000 copies/mL), 82.35 % (≥4000 copies/mL), and 92.86 % (≥5000 copies/mL), respectively. These results indicated that the sensitivity of EBV DNA detection in DBS increased with elevating viral load. Moreover, there was good correlation between EBV DNA levels measured in whole blood and DBS, and on average, the viral load measured in whole blood was about 6-fold higher than in DBS. Our research firstly demonstrated the feasibility of using DBS for qualitative and semi-quantitative detection of EBV DNA for diagnosis and surveillance of EBV-related diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 105710"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141483212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}