Journal of Clinical Virology最新文献

{"title":"False-positive results in fourth-generation HIV screening tests: Prevalence and associated factors in Sichuan, a high HIV burden province of China","authors":"Hong Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiaqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Xiangqin Liu ,&nbsp;Xueru Li ,&nbsp;Xuexi Zeng ,&nbsp;Qing Luo ,&nbsp;Jialing Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigen/antibody screening assays are highly sensitive and specific, but false-positive (FP) results remain a challenge. Understanding the prevalence and factors associated with these FP results is crucial, especially in high HIV burden regions. A retrospective cohort study of 370,291 patients screened with the ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo assay at a Sichuan tertiary hospital (January 2022–December 2023) was conducted. We calculated HIV prevalence and assessed the test's FP rate, sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (PPV). Clinical characteristics and associated disease profiles of individuals with FP results were also analyzed. The overall HIV infection rate was 0.17 %. The FP rate for HIV screening was 0.08 %, with higher incidences observed among females, children (aged 0–17 years), and individuals aged 66 and older (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). The mean signal-to-cutoff ratio (S/CO) in true positives (TPs) was significantly higher than that in FPs (576.63 vs. 1.94, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC)-determined cutoff of 19.6 provided optimal sensitivity (95.10 %) and specificity (99.99 %). FP results were associated with 18 disease categories, with digestive system disorders being the most prevalent. Malignant tumors, pregnancy, and cerebral infarction were also linked to FPs. These findings highlight the critical need for targeted screening strategies and more precise interpretation protocols to improve diagnostic accuracy. Furthermore, the link between FP results and various non-HIV-related diseases suggests that careful patient characterization may aid in identifying underlying conditions, thereby informing more effective clinical decision-making and public health interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 105831"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144563845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory evaluation of antigen rapid diagnostic tests to detect Ebola and Sudan viruses","authors":"Devy M. Emperador ,&nbsp;Leanna Sayyad ,&nbsp;Monica Brady ,&nbsp;Jessica Rowland ,&nbsp;Inna Krapiunaya ,&nbsp;Isabella Eckerle ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Agogo ,&nbsp;Daniel G. Bausch ,&nbsp;Joel M. Montgomery ,&nbsp;John D. Klena","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nucleic acid-based assays are the diagnostic gold standard for filoviruses, including Ebola (EBOV) and Sudan (SUDV) viruses. However, outbreaks in areas with limited laboratory infrastructure highlight the need for simpler diagnostic tests that can be rapidly and safely used in the field.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We evaluated eight antigen rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) for their ability to detect EBOV and SUDV. Analytical panels using virus cell slurries were used to assess limit of detection, and clinical samples were tested to determine sensitivity and specificity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Five Ag-RDTs detected EBOV and three detected SUDV, although clinical sensitivity was low (20–40 % for EBOV, 33 % for SUDV), improving only with higher viral loads. All assays demonstrated 100 % clinical specificity with no cross-reactivity.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Although none of the evaluated Ag-RDTs are suitable for routine diagnosis, some may be useful in high viral load contexts such as cadaver testing. Our findings highlight the need to improve Ag-RDT sensitivity or develop high-sensitivity point-of-care molecular diagnostics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 105830"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “A prospective study of plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid CMV DNA load quantification for the diagnosis and outcome of CMV pneumonitis in immunocompromised hosts” [J. Clin. Virol. 155 (2022) 105243]","authors":"Gasit Saksirisampant ,&nbsp;Theerasuk Kawamatawong ,&nbsp;Kawin Promsombat ,&nbsp;Warawut Sukkasem ,&nbsp;Somprasong Liamsombut ,&nbsp;Ekawat Pasomsub ,&nbsp;Jackrapong Bruminhent","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105829","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 105829"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accurate quantification using the new RoboGene HDV RNA Quantification Kit 3.0: A European multicenter study","authors":"Evelyn Stelzl ,&nbsp;Annemarie Berger ,&nbsp;Sandra Ciesek ,&nbsp;Antonella Olivero ,&nbsp;Pietro Lampertico ,&nbsp;Annapaola Callegaro ,&nbsp;Sara Uceda Renteria ,&nbsp;Albert Heim ,&nbsp;Stephan W. Aberle ,&nbsp;David N. Springer ,&nbsp;Heiner Wedemeyer ,&nbsp;Birgit Bremer ,&nbsp;Lisa Sandmann ,&nbsp;André Reinhardt ,&nbsp;Beatrix Gey ,&nbsp;Christian Früchtel ,&nbsp;Harald H. Kessler","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The management of chronic hepatitis delta requires reliable test systems for the detection and quantification of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) RNA. The aim of this study was to obtain comparable results between seven European laboratories using the new RoboGene HDV RNA Quantification Kit 3.0 (Roboscreen GmbH) in combination with different test systems consisting of different nucleic acid extraction and amplification/detection platforms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Correction factors (CFs) were determined to harmonize HDV RNA concentrations using the 1st WHO International Standard for HDV RNA (WHO IS HDV RNA). Limits of detection (LODs) were determined using a dilution series of the WHO IS HDV RNA. Reference material was used for accuracy testing. In addition, 20 dilutions of plasma sample pools obtained from untreated chronic hepatitis D patients were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The CFs ranged from 14 to 10,000 depending on the test system used. The calculated CFs were used for subsequent quantification. LODs ranged from &lt;2.2 to &gt;575 IU/mL. When accuracy was determined, the two lowest HDV RNA concentrations were not detected by the test system with the lowest sensitivity. When dilutions of pooled samples were tested, 7 of 140 results were reported as negative from all centers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Test-specific CFs must be determined to harmonize HDV RNA quantification. Appropriate platforms for HDV RNA extraction are essential to achieve an adequate detection limit. Both high sensitivity and accurate quantification are important for the accurate monitoring of the response to existing anti-HDV treatment and for clinical trials of novel anti-HDV drugs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 105828"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women and cord blood hepatitis B surface antigen positive newborns in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia","authors":"Carine Bokop ,&nbsp;Nisha Dhar ,&nbsp;Alane Izu ,&nbsp;Jayendrie Thaver-Kleitman ,&nbsp;Nishi Prabdial-sing ,&nbsp;Musa Mohammed Ali ,&nbsp;Godwin Akaba ,&nbsp;Hellen C. Barsosio ,&nbsp;James A. Berkley ,&nbsp;Manisha Madhai Beck ,&nbsp;Tolossa E. Chaka ,&nbsp;Clare L. Cutland ,&nbsp;Phurb Dorji ,&nbsp;Maksuda Islam ,&nbsp;Adama Mamby Keita ,&nbsp;Feleke Belachew Lema ,&nbsp;Nubwa Medugu ,&nbsp;Stella Mwakio ,&nbsp;Stephen Obaro ,&nbsp;Eyinade K. Olateju ,&nbsp;Shabir A. Madhi","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Newborns infected with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) are at risk of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study investigated the prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women and cord blood Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity of their newborns in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Kenya, Nigeria, Mali, and South Africa.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Randomly selected paired maternal and cord blood samples (n = 101 each site) taken at delivery were tested for HBsAg and Hepatitis B extractable antigen (HBeAg) in the women using a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Similarly, cord blood sample of newborn was assessed for HBsAg reactivity. HBV DNA was quantified using the Xpert® HBV viral load assay, followed by genotyping.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall prevalence of maternal HBsAg positivity was 5.5 % (95 %CI: 0.4 %–7.1 %; n = 50/909). HBsAg positivity was higher in African countries (7.3 %; 95 %CI: 5.4 %–9.6 %; n = 44/606) compared to South Asian countries (2.0 %; 95 %CI: 0.8 %–4.3 %; n = 6/303; p = 0.002). Relative to South Africa, there were higher odds of HBsAg sero-positivity in women from Mozambique ((aOR): 7.7, 95 %CI: 1.6 %–37.8 %) and Mali (aOR: 5.7; 95 %CI: 1.1 %–29.7 %). The rate of HBsAg positivity in cord blood of babies born to HBsAg positive women was 28.0 % (95 %CI: 17.1 %–42.3 %; n = 14/50), including 31.8 % (95 %CI: 19.5–47.4 %; n = 14/44) in African countries. No cord blood HBsAg positivity was observed in South Asia. Genotypic analysis revealed HBV genotypes A (41.7 %) and E (58.3 %) were pre-dominant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The high rate of cord blood positivity (28.0 %) for HBsAg underscores the urgency of enhancing HBV prevention strategies to meet the World Health Organization’s target of a 90 % reduction in new HBV infections by 2030.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 105826"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of urinary hepatitis E virus antigen colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay in clinical diagnosis of hepatitis E virus infection","authors":"Conglin Zhao ,&nbsp;Shuai Tao ,&nbsp;Mengxin Lu ,&nbsp;Weixia Li ,&nbsp;Han Zhao ,&nbsp;Shuangshuang Sun ,&nbsp;Weijia Lin ,&nbsp;Chong Chen ,&nbsp;Qiang Li ,&nbsp;Yuxian Huang ,&nbsp;Liang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a significant public health concern worldwide. Current diagnostic methods for HEV infection have limitations in terms of accessibility and timeliness.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the diagnostic performance of the Wantai urinary HEV antigen (Ag) colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay (GICA) in HEV infection.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective study enrolled 150 patients with suspected acute hepatitis E and 50 healthy controls. Paired urine, fecal, and serum samples were collected during initial clinical evaluation. Serum and fecal HEV RNA levels were quantified via reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), with genotyping performed by nested RT-PCR. Serum anti-HEV IgM/IgG levels were measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and urinary HEV antigen was detected using GICA. Diagnostic accuracy metrics were calculated against the reference standard of HEV RNA detection.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HEV RNA was detected in 58 % (87/150) of suspected cases. All successfully genotyped cases (69 %, 60/87) were HEV genotype 4. All healthy controls tested negative for HEV RNA and urinary HEV Ag.The urinary HEV Ag GICA showed 98.9 % sensitivity and 87.6 % specificity, with high concordance with RT-qPCR (Kappa = 0.85). Longitudinal follow-up revealed viral clearance and liver function normalization in most patients within 3–4 weeks post-symptom onset. 85.7 % of patients achieved urinary HEV Ag negative conversion within 6–7 weeks, while anti-HEV IgM remained positive in all patients at follow-up conclusion.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Urinary HEV Ag GICA demonstrates high diagnostic reliability for acute HEV infection, offering a practical non-invasive option for resource-limited settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 105825"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management and outcomes of children hospitalised with COVID-19 including incidental and nosocomial infections in Australia 2020–2023: A national surveillance study","authors":"Elizabeth White ,&nbsp;Mehyar Khair Baik ,&nbsp;Syeda Farah Zahir ,&nbsp;Christopher C. Blyth ,&nbsp;Jeremy Carr ,&nbsp;Nigel W. Crawford ,&nbsp;Joshua R. Francis ,&nbsp;Helen S. Marshall ,&nbsp;Emma Carey ,&nbsp;Kristine Macartney ,&nbsp;Brendan McMullan ,&nbsp;Nicholas Wood ,&nbsp;Philip N. Britton ,&nbsp;Julia E. Clark ,&nbsp;on behalf of the PAEDS network","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105824","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105824","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Management and outcomes of children hospitalised with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection may differ throughout the pandemic or with admission type (clinical COVID-19, incidental COVID-19 or nosocomial infection).</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Describe the severity, management and outcomes of hospitalised children with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in Australia across the first 4 years of the pandemic and compare between admission types, SARS-CoV-2 variants, age groups and immune status.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>A multi-centre prospective cohort study of 6009 children aged 0–16 years between January 2020 and June 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most children (84.3 %) did not receive respiratory support, 33.4 % received antibiotics and 8 % were admitted to intensive care unit (ICU). Infants &lt;6 months old were more likely to be admitted with clinical COVID than older children (12–16 years). Older children were more likely to receive antibiotics (27.8 % vs 43.9 %), corticosteroids (11.3 % vs 34.1%) or ICU admission (5.2 % vs 13.5 %). Compared to immunocompetent children, the immunosuppressed (7.7 %) were more likely to have nosocomial infection (9.5 % vs 3.9 %), receive antibiotics (57 % vs 25 %) or antivirals (18 % vs 4.4 %), but less likely to require respiratory support (93.4 % vs 83.8 %) or ICU admission (3.5 % vs 8 %). Children with nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection had higher rates of invasive ventilation (8 %) and ICU admission (21 %) compared to those with clinical (2.1 % and 7.1 % respectively) or incidental COVID-19 (4.8 % and 9.1 % respectively).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Acute COVID-19 generally caused mild disease in hospitalised children, with management and outcomes differing by age and admission type. Similar outcomes were observed across the pandemic. Nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with more severe disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 105824"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of STANDARD™ M10 Flu/RSV/SARS-CoV-2 and Savanna® Respiratory Viral Panel-4 assays for the rapid molecular diagnosis of influenza A/B virus, respiratory syncytial virus and SARS-CoV-2","authors":"Juulia Suominen,&nbsp;Raisa Loginov,&nbsp;Hannimari Kallio-Kokko","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The occurrence of respiratory infections caused by seasonal viruses influenza A/B, RSV and SARS-CoV-2 has increased the demand for rapid diagnostic assays. Comparative performance data of such assays is required.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this retrospective study, clinical samples were tested with the STANDARD™ M10 Flu/RSV/SARS-CoV-2 test and the novel Savanna® Respiratory Viral Panel-4 tests, with Xpert® Xpress SARS-CoV-2/Flu/RSV as the reference. All three are RT-PCR tests suitable for point-of-care testing. Discordant results on the Savanna assay were retested with a new research-use-only protocol. Serial dilution testing for all three was performed with an external control.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 141 clinical samples, including 106 specimens positive for at least one virus, were analyzed. The M10 assay showed sensitivities of 100 %, 95.7 %, 97.1 % and 97.0 % for influenza A, B, RSV and SARS-CoV-2, respectively. The Savanna assay showed sensitivities of 92.6 %, 95.7 %, 100 % and 90.9 %. Both assays exhibited high specificity (≥99 %), except for the Savanna assay’s lower specificity for RSV (94.2 %) and SARS-CoV-2 (94.3 %). Savanna had a higher retest rate (5.0 %), while M10 produced only conclusive results. Serial dilution testing showed that Xpert detected three viruses more effectively than the other assays.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Both M10 and Savanna performed well for influenza A/B, but M10 was superior for RSV and SARS-CoV-2 due to false positives with Savanna. The new Savanna protocol showed promise, but further studies are required to confirm these findings. Xpert assay was the most sensitive for detecting low viral amounts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 105827"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of human adenovirus in children with acute gastroenteritis in the New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) from 2016 to 2019","authors":"Amy J. Kinzler ,&nbsp;Mary E. Wikswo ,&nbsp;G.K. Balasubramani ,&nbsp;Helen Eleni Aslanidou D’Agostino ,&nbsp;Theresa Sax ,&nbsp;Klancie Dauer ,&nbsp;Geoffrey A. Weinberg ,&nbsp;Peter Szilyagi ,&nbsp;Leila C. Sahni ,&nbsp;Julie A. Boom ,&nbsp;Jennifer E. Schuster ,&nbsp;Rangaraj Selvarajan ,&nbsp;Christopher J. Harrison ,&nbsp;Mary A. Staat ,&nbsp;Daniel C. Payne ,&nbsp;Natasha B. Halasa ,&nbsp;Eileen J. Klein ,&nbsp;Janet A. Englund ,&nbsp;Judith M. Martin ,&nbsp;Robert Hickey ,&nbsp;John V. Williams","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. However, the AGE burden from human adenoviruses (HAdV) is not fully defined.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine the prevalence and characteristics associated with HAdV in U.S. children.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>We enrolled AGE case-patients &lt;18 years of age in inpatient and emergency department (ED) settings and healthy controls &lt;11 years of age between December 2016 and November 2019 at seven pediatric medical centers. Demographic and clinical data and stools were prospectively collected. Stools were tested for HAdV F40/41 using multiplex molecular panels. A subset of 120 HAdV-positive samples was genotyped.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HAdV was detected in 168 (8 %) of 2229 ED patients, 164 (8 %) of 2151 inpatients, and 23 (1 %) of 2090 healthy controls. AGE case-patients positive for HAdV were more likely to be &lt;3 years of age and more likely to report diarrhea (86 % vs 67 %) and dehydration (43 % vs 31 %) than HAdV-negative case-patients (p &lt; 0.0001, all comparisons). Age did not differ significantly between HAdV-positive and negative controls. HAdV-positive AGE case-patients were less likely to have acute respiratory symptoms than HAdV-negative case-patients (8 % vs 18 %, p &lt; 0.0001). The most frequently detected HAdV genotype was F41 (n = 106, 88 %). Other potential pathogens were detected in 36 % of HAdV-positive AGE case-patients and 43 % of controls; <em>Clostridioides difficile</em> was most common.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>HAdV accounted for 8 % of medically attended AGE in both inpatient and ED settings in the U.S., primarily in young children. The majority of cases were type F41, which may inform future vaccine development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 105822"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and sociodemographic correlates of emergent or evolving HIV drug resistance in low viral load specimens in British Columbia, Canada","authors":"Hanwei Sudderuddin ,&nbsp;Charlotte Johanna Beelen ,&nbsp;Jenny Li ,&nbsp;Wendy Zhang ,&nbsp;Melanie C.M. Murray ,&nbsp;Viviane D. Lima ,&nbsp;Julio S.G. Montaner ,&nbsp;Chanson J. Brumme","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/methods</h3><div>Treatment guidelines recommend genotypic HIV drug resistance testing (DRT) at virologic failure, typically for plasma viral loads (pVL) &gt; 1000 HIV RNA c/mL. In some settings, DRT can be performed on low viral load (LVL) samples (pVL of 50–250 c/mL); however, such testing is resource-intensive and its clinical benefit is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the frequency and factors associated with emergent resistance in LVL samples using a comprehensive, provincial database of HIV Protease-Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase sequences.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 43,979 Protease-RT DRTs were performed in British Columbia between 1999 and 2022, of which 2970 (6.8 %) were on LVL samples. Testing was successful for 1575 (53.0 %) LVL samples compared to 81.4 % and 94.4 % of samples with pVL 250–999 and pVL ≥ 1000 c/mL, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). Compared to prior genotypes collected from samples with pVL &gt; 250 c/mL, a total of 104 (7.3 %) cases of new or evolving drug resistance were identified from 1423 LVL DRTs. Of these, 49.5 %, 42.9 % and 22.9 % exhibited new Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase, Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase and Protease resistance, respectively. Of 9309 Integrase DRTs performed between 2008 and 2022, only 4 (1.2 %) cases of new or evolving integrase resistance were observed. Multivariable analyses identified clinical/sociodemographic factors significantly associated with emergent resistance, including time elapsed between DRTs, historic cumulative resistance and NNRTI-based antiretroviral therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Emergent or evolving resistance is identified infrequently in low viral load specimens. Given its resource-intensive nature, resistance testing of low viral load specimens may not be generally warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 105807"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}