Journal of community psychology最新文献

{"title":"Racism and violence in policing: Perspectives from a juvenile prison","authors":"Rebecca L. Fix","doi":"10.1002/jcop.23104","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcop.23104","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Following recent events involving racism and violence in policing, the current study sought to understand factors associated with support for related social movements and worries about personal, family, and peer safety. Data were from 78 currently incarcerated young people (<i>M</i> = 16.5 years; 31% Black) and 20 juvenile prison staff (<i>M</i> = 40.3 years; 72% Black) via online surveys. A comparable proportion of young people (47.3%) and staff (47.4%) reported participating in the Black Lives Matter movement. Among young people, prior experiences with police were significantly associated with support for social movements and worries about safety concerning racism and violence in policing. Among staff, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and racial and ethnic identity were significantly associated with social movement support and worries about safety. Civic education and interventions to promote racial and ethnic identity may promote support for systemic change and buffer against worries about racism and violence in policing.</p>","PeriodicalId":15496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community psychology","volume":"52 3","pages":"459-474"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139735293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Needle and syringe programs in prisons: Does it really matter?","authors":"Babak Moazen,&nbsp;Heino Stöver","doi":"10.1002/jcop.23108","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcop.23108","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;A significant proportion of people who inject drugs in prisons (PWIDP) lack access to the necessary treatment, care, and support for their drug use disorder, resulting in a persistent pattern of drug injection within correctional facilities (Dolan et al., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;). The exorbitant cost of a new syringe in prison (Treloar et al., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;) often compels PWIDP to resort to sharing needles, even despite their awareness of the associated risks of infection transmission. However, the act of sharing drug paraphernalia is not solely attributable to a lack of access; it is a complex phenomenon influenced by a combination of individual and structural factors, social environment, and prevailing policies (Allen et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Needle and syringe programs (NSPs) are widely recognized as effective interventions for reducing needle sharing and preventing the transmission of infectious diseases among PWIDP (Lazarus et al., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Moazen et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). While drug injection remains a significant healthcare challenge in prison settings, prison policymakers often exhibit reluctance in adopting NSPs within their facilities, as evidenced by the limited number of countries that have implemented such programs (Kamarulzaman et al., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;). For instance, in the European Union, only four countries currently offer NSPs in their prisons, with notably low program coverage in these nations (Moazen et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Reluctance to implementing NSPs in prison settings can be attributed to a variety of factors, with security concerns emerging as the most commonly cited reason (Mogg &amp; Levy, &lt;span&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;). There are apprehensions regarding the potential misuse of syringes as weapons against both fellow incarcerated individuals and staff members. Tragically, this concern materialized in 1990 in Australia when a 21-year-old prison guard named Geoffrey Pearce was fatally stabbed by a prisoner wielding a syringe contaminated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), eventually succumbing to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Beyond security issues, opponents of NSPs in prison settings argue that providing incarcerated people with syringes may inadvertently encourage drug injection. However, there is a lack of substantial scientific evidence to support this claim.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The concerns raised by prison policy makers are entirely understandable. To address these apprehensions and determine the program's feasibility for permanent implementation, conducting a pilot phase is a prudent solution. A pilot program would effectively highlight any shortcomings, offering both policymakers and healthcare providers an opportunity to identify and rectify any existing issues. To enhance the program's acceptability and effectiveness, it is strongly recommended that both people who live and work in prisons actively participate in designing and implementing the pilot program. This collaborative approa","PeriodicalId":15496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community psychology","volume":"52 4","pages":"611-612"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcop.23108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139722875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived loss of support to community caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States","authors":"David P. Kennedy,&nbsp;Esther M. Friedman,&nbsp;Allison Kirkegaard,&nbsp;Sarah Edgington,&nbsp;Regina Shih","doi":"10.1002/jcop.23107","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcop.23107","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) had a negative impact on the health and well-being of community caregivers. Few studies examine the pandemic's negative impact on the availability of social networks of caregivers. This article uses data collected during COVID-19 before vaccination to examine caregivers' reports of perceived lost and reduced network support. We assessed the personal networks of a nationally representative sample of 2214 community caregivers in the United States. We analyzed associations between caregiving factors and caregivers' perceptions of lost and reduced network support. Changes in care recipient living circumstances during COVID-19, longer-term caregiving, care recipient hearing/vision/mobility problems, caregiver travel/socializing restrictions, caregiver race/ethnicity, caregiver income, caregiver age, network connectivity, family relationships, and network members' age were associated with perceived lost/reduced support during the pandemic. Findings provide insights for the development of social network interventions to support caregivers and help them cultivate support networks resilient to public health crises.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community psychology","volume":"52 3","pages":"475-497"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcop.23107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139702664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mediating role of social support in associations between childhood adversity, military sexual trauma, and homelessness in a nationally representative sample of US veterans","authors":"Nicole Bulanchuk,&nbsp;Emily Edwards,&nbsp;Robert H. Pietrzak,&nbsp;Jack Tsai","doi":"10.1002/jcop.23105","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcop.23105","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>Among veterans, availability of social support and histories of military sexual trauma (MST) and/or adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are particularly salient correlates of homelessness. Using path analyses, we investigated whether social support (i.e., interpersonal social support and community integration) would at least partially account for the relationships of MST and ACEs with any lifetime homelessness in a large, nationally representative sample of veterans (<i>N</i> = 4069, 9.8% female). Interpersonal social support and community integration partially explained the relationship between ACEs and any lifetime homelessness. However, they did not mediate the relationship between MST and any lifetime homelessness. Female veterans also reported higher trauma rates and lower perceived social support than male counterparts during correlational analyses. These results reinforce existing literature on the importance of research and interventions tailored to veterans with low social support and integration. Results have potential to inform interventions and policy for veterans experiencing and/or at risk for homelessness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community psychology","volume":"52 2","pages":"399-414"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139642258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community perceptions of contributors and solutions related to neighborhood violent crime: A qualitative interview study","authors":"Catanya G. Stager,&nbsp;Samantha Whitfield,&nbsp;Tiffany Osborne,&nbsp;Christson Adedoyin,&nbsp;Grace Okoro,&nbsp;Erin Carley,&nbsp;Yu-Mei Schoenberger,&nbsp;Dwayne A. Crawford,&nbsp;Melissa Thompson,&nbsp;Sharela Stafford,&nbsp;Lori B. Bateman","doi":"10.1002/jcop.23103","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcop.23103","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The current study is part of a community engaged planning phase and aimed to identify perceptions related to the prevalence of violent crime, crime contributors, the relationship between the community and law enforcement, and potential interventions and solutions. In March 2021, semistructured interviews were conducted with individuals from five groups who resided or worked in Bessemer, Alabama: (1) Law Enforcement, (2) Residents, (3) Civic Leaders, (4) Community Leaders, and (5) Victims of Crime. Interviews lasted approximately 60 min and were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed according to the guidelines of thematic analysis using NVivo 12. Emerging themes were examined in accordance with the CDC Social-Ecological Model: A Framework for Prevention. Participants (<i>N</i> = 18) were 50.0% female and 77.8% African American with an age range of 25–59 (mean = 43.4 years). Themes that emerged related to crime were: (1) impact, (2) contributors, and (3) solutions. Results indicate that impacts of violent crime at the individual level focused on fear, which led to widespread mental health issues. Relationship level impacts included a lack of trust of law enforcement and neighbors, and community level impacts were decreased neighborhood social cohesion as well as decreased safety. At the societal level, the poor reputation of the city was consistently highlighted. For contributors of crime, being a youth under age 30, drugs, and money were discussed as factors at the individual level. At the relationship level, participants mentioned poor parenting and gangs as crime contributing factors to violent crime. Furthermore, contributing issues related to underresourced schools as well as a poor relationship with law enforcement were brought up at the community level. Similarly, poverty was the overarching contributing issue at the societal level. Solutions that emerged included: education and training in life skills, focusing on young people, family/parenting, conflict resolution programs, programs within schools, improved relationships with law enforcement, and inclusive economic opportunities. Intervention plans are discussed that can merge these stakeholder findings with other data sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":15496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community psychology","volume":"52 2","pages":"311-325"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empathy rules, maps and paths: A qualitative exploration of the factors that facilitate or inhibit empathy and prosocial responding among youth","authors":"Charlotte Silke,&nbsp;Bernadine Brady,&nbsp;Pat Dolan,&nbsp;Ciara Boylan","doi":"10.1002/jcop.23106","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcop.23106","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of this study is to explore young people's perspectives on the factors that facilitate or inhibit empathy and prosocial responding among youth. Qualitative focus groups (<i>n</i> = 29) were undertaken with Irish young people aged 13–17 years relating to their views on the factors that facilitate or inhibit the expression of empathy. Parents, friends, and social media were found to be key influences, whereas barriers identified included societal norms, gender norms, lack of skill, or knowledge and target characteristics. This research provides important insights into adolescents’ perceptions of the social correlates of empathy. Concepts from the sociology of empathy, such as empathy maps and paths, are helpful in drawing out the implications for future research and practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":15496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community psychology","volume":"52 2","pages":"326-343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcop.23106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139484950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trauma-informed interactions within a trauma-informed homeless service provider: Staff and client perspectives","authors":"Amanda R. Barry,&nbsp;Erin Hoffman,&nbsp;Elizabeth Martinez-Charleston,&nbsp;Milena DeMario,&nbsp;Justine Stewart,&nbsp;Madeeha Mohiuddin,&nbsp;Martina Mihelicova,&nbsp;Molly Brown","doi":"10.1002/jcop.23102","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcop.23102","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>This study aims to provide practical insights for developing trauma-informed interaction strategies between service providers and participants in homeless service organizations (HSOs). Twelve providers and 17 participants were interviewed for a qualitative study on trauma-informed care (TIC) within an HSO. Thematic analysis revealed six themes regarding provider approaches to TIC interactions with participants: provide a sounding board, promote safety, foster understanding and respect, build relationships and trust, facilitate connection to services, and ensure flexibility in service provision. Participants noted three themes regarding their views of TIC interactions with providers: possess education and experience, build relationships and trust, and demonstrate supportive interpersonal styles. This study describes the application of TIC within an HSO, emphasizing the importance of supportive, positive interactions that promote understanding, respect, and trust. It highlights key factors in service provision. The findings expand our understanding of TIC implementation in HSOs and suggest areas for improvement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community psychology","volume":"52 2","pages":"415-434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138680844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing resilience and well-being among low-SES populations: The mediating effect of community resources","authors":"Lea Zanbar","doi":"10.1002/jcop.23101","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcop.23101","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Residents of low-socioeconomic status (SES) neighborhoods suffer from social, economic, and health problems and high exposure to crime and neglect. Based on the social cure approach, the study aimed to examine whether community resources are associated with resilience and well-being, and whether they mediate the associations between personal resources and these outcomes. The moderating effect of participating in community activity was also investigated. A total of 400 residents of low-SES communities, 200 of whom were community activists, completed questionnaires measuring personal resources, community resources, and the outcomes (resilience, well-being). Structural equation modeling revealed the mediating role of community resources. Moderation analysis indicated that different paths led to the outcomes among activists and nonactivists. The results indicate that personal resources alone do not substantially enhance welfare in low-SES communities, but should be channeled through community belonging and commitment. Moreover, professionals working with these communities should take into account the distinctions between activists and nonactivists.</p>","PeriodicalId":15496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community psychology","volume":"52 2","pages":"344-362"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138680967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Culturally Informed and Flexible Family-Based Treatment for Adolescents (CIFFTA) implemented in community-based settings","authors":"Maite P. Mena,&nbsp;Rebecca A. Lazarus,&nbsp;Kristal A. Otero,&nbsp;Daniel A. Santisteban","doi":"10.1002/jcop.23099","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcop.23099","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Effective family-based interventions are needed for youth who are experiencing emotional and behavioral difficulties and who are impacted by powerful environmental stressors. Culturally Informed and Flexible Family-Based Treatment for Adolescents (CIFFTA) is a manualized and evidence-based, multicomponent family-based treatment that has been shown to be efficacious in research settings. The purpose of this paper is to report on the effectiveness of implementing CIFFTA for the treatment of Latino and Black youth and families in community settings. Utilization of services offered and changes in youth presenting problems and family functioning were used to evaluate the program. Two hundred thirty-two youth (11–18 years of age) and their caregivers were recruited over 2 years and CIFFTA was delivered by experienced masters-level family therapists over a 12–16-week period. Seventy-six percent met the 8-session criteria for retention in treatment and 71% completed treatment. Results showed significant improvements in youth behavioral and emotional presenting problems, reduction in family conflict and improvement in family cohesion and communication. Caregiver well-being such as reductions in parental stress, relational frustration, and improvement in parental confidence also showed significant improvement. Analyses of reliable change indices showed a substantial improvement in youth who entered the program in the clinical range of presenting problems. The findings point to CIFFTA's ability to retain youth and families who tend to underutilize needed services, to significant reductions in presenting problems, and to improvements in family functioning when implemented in a community setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":15496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community psychology","volume":"52 2","pages":"363-381"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcop.23099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138680895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking narratives about youth experiencing homelessness: The influence of self-determined motivation and peer relations on coping","authors":"Jenilee-Sarah Napoleon,&nbsp;Vanessa K. Weva,&nbsp;David W. Evans,&nbsp;Reyhane Namdari,&nbsp;Tamarah Francois,&nbsp;Jessica Sherman,&nbsp;Nancy Morisseau,&nbsp;Emmanuel Lafontant,&nbsp;Kristi Atkinson,&nbsp;Sydney Miller,&nbsp;Sean A. Kidd,&nbsp;Jacob A. Burack","doi":"10.1002/jcop.23100","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcop.23100","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>Using the cognitive appraisal theory of coping and the self-determination theory of motivation, we examined the shared variance of motivational orientations, attachment relationships, and gender on adaptive and maladaptive coping among youth experiencing homelessness. Several scales including The Global Motivation Scale (assessing motivational orientations; i.e., autonomous and controlled motivation), the Brief Cope (adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies), and the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (self-perceptions of relationships with mothers, fathers, and peers) were administered to 102 youth aged between 16 and 24 (<i>M</i>_age = 20, SD = 2.07) years recruited from an evening program for youth experiencing homelessness in Montreal, Canada. Autonomous motivation was positively associated with engagement in effective coping strategies, while controlled motivation was positively linked to maladaptive coping. Moderation analyses were used to examine whether gender and relationships with attachment figures moderated the relationship between motivation and coping. A significant main effect of peer attachment on adaptive coping emerged, in which greater peer attachment was related to more adaptive coping among the youth. No interaction effects resulted. Although no significant moderating effects were associated with essential relationships and gender, further research implementing a more nuanced approach to assessing the interaction between these constructs may be warranted. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of intervention programs for youth experiencing homelessness, that focus on enhancing autonomous motivation and utilizing peer support to optimize the use of adaptive coping strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15496,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community psychology","volume":"52 2","pages":"382-398"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcop.23100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138460193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}