Dario Bettoni, Giorgio Laverda, Asier Lopez-Eiguren and Javier Rubio
{"title":"Hubble-induced phase transitions: gravitational-wave imprint of Ricci reheating from lattice simulations","authors":"Dario Bettoni, Giorgio Laverda, Asier Lopez-Eiguren and Javier Rubio","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2025/03/027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/03/027","url":null,"abstract":"Gravitational waves offer an unprecedented opportunity to look into the violent high-energy processes happening during the reheating phase of our Universe. We consider a Hubble-induced phase transition scenario as a source of a post-inflationary stochastic background of gravitational waves and analyse the main characteristics of its spectrum for the first time via numerical methods. The output of a large number of fully-fledged classical lattice simulations is condensed in a set of parametric formulas that describe key features of the GW spectrum, such as its peak amplitude and characteristic frequency, and avoid the need for further time-consuming simulations. The signal from such stochastic background is compared to the prospective sensitivity of future gravitational-wave detectors.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benedetta Bruno, Rodrigo Guedes Lang, Luan Bonneau Arbeletche, Vitor de Souza and Stefan Funk
{"title":"Investigating the effect of hadronic models on IACT images","authors":"Benedetta Bruno, Rodrigo Guedes Lang, Luan Bonneau Arbeletche, Vitor de Souza and Stefan Funk","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2025/03/024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/03/024","url":null,"abstract":"The predictions of hadronic interaction models for cosmic-ray induced air showers contain inherent uncertainties due to limitations of available accelerator data. This leads to differences in shower simulations using each of those models. Many studies have been carried out to track those differences by investigating the shower development or the particle content. In this work, we propose a new approach to search for discrepancies and similarities between the models, via the IACT images resulting from the observations of hadronic air showers. We use simulations of H.E.S.S. as a show-case scenario and, by investigating variables of the camera images, we find potential indicators to highlight differences between models. Number of pixels, Hillas image size, and density showed the largest difference between the models. We then further explore the (in)compatibility of the models by combining all the variables and using Boosted Decision Trees. For protons, a significant difference in the classifier output is found for EPOS-LHC when compared to both QGSJET-II04 and Sybill 2.3d. For helium and nitrogen, QGSJET-II04 is shown to be the outlier case. No significant differences are found for silicon and iron. The distribution of (in)compatibility between the models in the phase space of reconstructed shower parameters shows that a targeted search can be fruitful, with showers with reconstructed energies of a few TeV and reconstructed core closer to the large telescope presenting the largest power of separation. An investigation of the distribution of first interaction parameters has shown that EPOS-LHC and QGSJET-II04 result in significantly different distributions of multiplicity and height of first interaction for protons and elasticity and fraction of energy carried by neutral pions for helium and nitrogen.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Itamar J. Allali, Alessio Notari and Fabrizio Rompineve
{"title":"Reduced Hubble tension in dark radiation models after DESI 2024","authors":"Itamar J. Allali, Alessio Notari and Fabrizio Rompineve","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2025/03/023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/03/023","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the presence of extra relativistic degrees of freedom in the early Universe, contributing to the effective number of neutrinos Neff, as Δ Neff ≡ Neff-3.044 ≥ 0, in light of the recent measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) by the DESI collaboration. We analyze one-parameter extensions of the ΛCDM model where dark radiation (DR) is free streaming or behaves as a perfect fluid, due to self-interactions. We report a significant relaxation of upper bounds on Δ Neff, with respect to previous BAO data from SDSS+6dFGS, when additionally employing Planck data (and supernovae data from Pantheon+), setting Δ Neff ≤ 0.39 (95% C.L.) for free streaming DR, and a very mild preference for fluid DR, Δ Neff = 0.221+0.088-0.18 (≤ 0.46, 95% C.L.). Applying constraints from primordial element abundances leads to tighter constraints on Δ Neff, but they are avoided if DR is produced after Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN). For fluid DR we estimate the tension with the SH0ES determination of H0 to be less than 3σ and as low as 2σ, and for free-streaming DR the tension is below 3σ if production occurs after BBN. This lesser degree of tension motivates a combination with SH0ES in these cases, resulting in a 4.4σ-5σ evidence for dark radiation with Δ Neff ≃ 0.6 and large improvements in χ2 over ΛCDM, -18 ≲ Δχ2 ≲ -25. Upcoming data releases by DESI and other CMB and LSS surveys will decisively confirm or disfavour this conclusion.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shafqat Riaz, Michail Kyriazis, Askar B. Abdikamalov, Cosimo Bambi and Swarnim Shashank
{"title":"Testing regular black holes with X-ray data of GX 339–4","authors":"Shafqat Riaz, Michail Kyriazis, Askar B. Abdikamalov, Cosimo Bambi and Swarnim Shashank","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2025/03/022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/03/022","url":null,"abstract":"Regular black holes are singularity-free black hole spacetimes proposed to solve the problem of the presence of spacetime singularities that plagues the black holes of general relativity and most theories of gravity. In this work, we consider the regular black holes recently proposed by Mazza, Franzin & Liberati and we extend previous studies to get a more stringent observational constraint on the regularization parameter l. We study simultaneous observations of NuSTAR and Swift of the Galactic black hole in GX 339–4 during its outburst in 2015. The quality of the NuSTAR data is exceptionally good and the spectrum of the source presents both a strong thermal component and prominent relativistically blurred reflection features. This permits us to measure the regularization parameter l from the simultaneous analysis of the thermal spectrum and the reflection features. From our analysis, we find the constraint l/M < 0.44 (90% CL), which is stronger than previous constraints inferred with X-ray and gravitational wave data.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ryoto Inui, Cristian Joana, Hayato Motohashi, Shi Pi, Yuichiro Tada and Shuichiro Yokoyama
{"title":"Primordial black holes and induced gravitational waves from logarithmic non-Gaussianity","authors":"Ryoto Inui, Cristian Joana, Hayato Motohashi, Shi Pi, Yuichiro Tada and Shuichiro Yokoyama","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2025/03/021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/03/021","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the formation of primordial black hole (PBH) based on numerical relativity simulations and peak theory as well as the corresponding scalar induced gravitational wave (SIGW) signals in the presence of logarithmic non-Gaussianities which has recently been confirmed in a wide class of inflation models. Through numerical calculations, we find certain parameter spaces of the critical thresholds for the type A PBH formation and reveal a maximum critical threshold value. We also find that there is a region where no PBH is produced from type II fluctuations contrary to a previous study. We then confirm that SIGW signals originated from the logarithmic non-Gaussianity are detectable in the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna if PBH account for whole dark matter. Finally, we discuss the SIGW interpretation of the nHz stochastic gravitational wave background reported by the recent pulsar timing array observations. We find that PBH overproduction is a serious problem for most of the parameter space, while this tension might still be alleviated in the non-perturbative regime.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Abe, J. Abhir, A. Abhishek, V.A. Acciari, A. Aguasca-Cabot, I. Agudo, T. Aniello, S. Ansoldi, A. Arbet Engels, C. Arcaro, K. Asano, D. Baack, A. Babić, U. Barres de Almeida, J.A. Barrio, I. Batković, A. Bautista, J. Baxter, J. Becerra González, W. Bednarek, E. Bernardini, J. Bernete, A. Berti, J. Besenrieder, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, O. Blanch, G. Bonnoli, Ž. Bošnjak, E. Bronzini, I. Burelli, A. Campoy-Ordaz, R. Carosi, M. Carretero-Castrillo, A.J. Castro-Tirado, D. Cerasole, G. Ceribella, Y. Chai, A. Cifuentes, E. Colombo, J.L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, G. D'Amico, V. D'Elia, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, R. de Menezes, J. Delgado, C. Delgado Mendez, F. Di Pierro, R. Di Tria, L. Di Venere, D. Dominis Prester, A. Donini, D. Dorner, M. Doro, D. Elsaesser, J. Escudero, L. Fariña, A. Fattorini, L. Foffano, L. Font, S. Fröse, S. Fukami, Y. Fukazawa, R.J. García López, M. Garczarczyk, S. Gasparyan, M. Gaug, J.G. Giesbrecht Paiva, N. Giglietto, F. Gi..
{"title":"Combined search in dwarf spheroidal galaxies for branon dark matter annihilation signatures with the MAGIC telescopes","authors":"S. Abe, J. Abhir, A. Abhishek, V.A. Acciari, A. Aguasca-Cabot, I. Agudo, T. Aniello, S. Ansoldi, A. Arbet Engels, C. Arcaro, K. Asano, D. Baack, A. Babić, U. Barres de Almeida, J.A. Barrio, I. Batković, A. Bautista, J. Baxter, J. Becerra González, W. Bednarek, E. Bernardini, J. Bernete, A. Berti, J. Besenrieder, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, O. Blanch, G. Bonnoli, Ž. Bošnjak, E. Bronzini, I. Burelli, A. Campoy-Ordaz, R. Carosi, M. Carretero-Castrillo, A.J. Castro-Tirado, D. Cerasole, G. Ceribella, Y. Chai, A. Cifuentes, E. Colombo, J.L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, G. D'Amico, V. D'Elia, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, R. de Menezes, J. Delgado, C. Delgado Mendez, F. Di Pierro, R. Di Tria, L. Di Venere, D. Dominis Prester, A. Donini, D. Dorner, M. Doro, D. Elsaesser, J. Escudero, L. Fariña, A. Fattorini, L. Foffano, L. Font, S. Fröse, S. Fukami, Y. Fukazawa, R.J. García López, M. Garczarczyk, S. Gasparyan, M. Gaug, J.G. Giesbrecht Paiva, N. Giglietto, F. Gi..","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2025/03/020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/03/020","url":null,"abstract":"Massive brane fluctuations, called branons, behave as weakly interacting massive particles, which is one of the most favored class of candidates to fulfill the role of the dark matter (DM), an elusive kind of matter beyond the Standard Model. We present a multi-target search in dwarf spheroidal galaxies for branon DM annihilation signatures with a total exposure of 354 hours with the ground-based gamma-ray telescope system MAGIC. This search led to the most constraining limits on branon DM in the sub-TeV and multi-TeV DM mass range. Our most stringent limit on the thermally-averaged annihilation cross-section (at 95% confidence level) corresponds to ⟨σv⟩ ≃ 1.9 × 10-24 cm3s-1 at a branon mass of ∼ 1.5 TeV.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the structure of black bounces sourced by anisotropic fluids","authors":"L.A. Lessa and G.J. Olmo","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2025/03/019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/03/019","url":null,"abstract":"The field equations of static, spherically symmetric geometries generated by anisotropic fluids is investigated with the aim of better understanding the relation between the matter and the emergence of minimal area throats, like in wormhole and black bounce scenarios. Imposing some simplifying restrictions on the matter, which amounts to considering nonlinear electromagnetic sources, we find analytical expressions that allow one to design the type of sought geometries. We illustrate our analysis with several examples, including an asymmetric, bounded black bounce spacetime which reproduces the standard Reissner-Nordström geometry on the outside all the way down to the throat.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dependence of galaxy stellar properties on the primordial spin factor","authors":"Jun-Sung Moon and Jounghun Lee","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2025/03/018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/03/018","url":null,"abstract":"We present a numerical discovery that the observable stellar properties of present galaxies retain significant dependences on the primordial density and tidal fields. Analyzing the galaxy catalogs from the TNG300-1 simulations, we first compute the primordial spin factor, τ, defined as the mean degree of misalignments between the principal axes of the initial density and potential hessian tensors at the protogalactic sites. Then, we explore in the framework of Shannon's information theory if and how strongly each of six stellar properties of the present galaxies, namely two stellar sizes (R90⋆ and R50⋆), ages, specific star formation rates, optical colors and metallicities, share mutual information with τ, measured at z = 127. Deliberately controlling the TNG galaxy samples to have no differences in the mass, environmental density and shear distributions, we single out net effects of τ on each of the galaxy stellar properties. In the higher stellar mass range of M⋆/(h-1M⊙)≥ 1010, significant amounts of mutual information with τ are exhibited by all of the six stellar properties, while in the lower range of M⋆/(h-1M⊙) < 1010 only four of the six properties except for the specific star formation rates and colors yield significant signals of τ-dependence. Examining how the mean values of the six stellar properties vary with τ, we also show that the galaxies originated from the protogalactic sites with higher τ values tend to have larger sizes, later formation epochs, higher specific star formation rates, bluer colors and lower metallicities. It is also discovered that the galaxy stellar sizes, which turn out to be most robustly dependent on τ regardless of M⋆, follow a bimodal Gamma distribution, the physical implication of which is discussed.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Local primordial non-Gaussian bias at the field level","authors":"James M. Sullivan and Shi-Fan Chen","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2025/03/016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/03/016","url":null,"abstract":"Local primordial non-Gaussianity (LPNG) couples long-wavelength cosmological fluctuations to the short-wavelength behavior of galaxies. This coupling is encoded in bias parameters including bϕ and bδϕ at linear and quadratic order in the large-scale biasing framework. We perform the first field-level measurement of bϕ and bδϕ using Lagrangian bias and non-linear displacements from N-body simulations. We compare our field level measurements with universality predictions and separate universe results, finding qualitative consistency, but disagreement in detail. We also quantify the information on fNL available in the field given various assumptions on knowledge of bϕ at fixed initial conditions. We find that it is not possible to precisely constrain fNL when marginalizing over bϕfNL even at the field level, observing a 2-3X degradation in constraints between a linear and quadratic biasing model on perturbative field-level mocks, suggesting that a bϕ prior is necessary to meaningfully constrain fNL at the field level even in this idealized scenario. For simulated dark matter halos, the pure fNL constraints from both linear and quadratic field-level models appear biased when marginalizing over bias parameters including bϕ and bδϕ due largely to the fNLbϕ degeneracy. Our results are an important consistency test of the large-scale bias framework for LPNG and highlight the importance of physically motivated priors on LPNG bias parameters for future surveys.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143569489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using ΔN eff to constrain preferred axion model dark matter","authors":"Andrew Cheek and Ui Min","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2025/03/014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/03/014","url":null,"abstract":"Preferred axion models are minimal realizations of the Peccei-Quinn solution to the strong CP problem while providing a dark matter candidate. These models invoke new heavy quarks that interact strongly with the Standard Model bringing them into thermal equilibrium in the early Universe. We show that for a number of these models, the heavy quarks will decay after axions have decoupled from the Standard Model thermal bath. As a consequence, any axion products in the decay form a component of dark radiation. This provides the potential to differentiate between preferred axion models through measurements of the number of relativistic degrees of freedom. The most sensitive of which comes from the Planck collaboration's measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background. We find that existing constraints allow us to rule out regions of parameter space for 40% of the canonical preferred axion models.","PeriodicalId":15445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143569487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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