{"title":"Relationship between adenovirus infection and intussusception via pathological evidence confirms.","authors":"Lung-Huang Lin, Chi-Jung Huang, Cheng-Yu Lo, Yu-Hsien Lee, Yung-Chuan Chen","doi":"10.1136/jcp-2025-210194","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jcp-2025-210194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Although some cases of intussusception in older children are associated with pathological changes such as lymphoma or polyps, the cause of most cases in infants is unknown. Several reports have identified an association between adenovirus infection and intussusception in children. However, much of the evidence is indirect, such as stool samples or throat swab data. Our study analysed intestinal tissue, which may be more direct evidence of the relationship between adenovirus infection and intussusception.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed children<6 years of age with intussusception who underwent surgery for failed reduction. The pathological tissue was processed into formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sections. Adenovirus immunohistochemistry (IHC) and PCR testing were performed to obtain direct evidence of the relationship between adenovirus infection and intussusception.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study included 29 patients, 27 appendiceal and 8 intestinal tissues. Only eight appendix specimens were successfully processed into FFPE tissue. IHC testing was positive in three cases (37.5%), and PCR testing was positive for adenovirus type C in four cases (50%). The control group consisted of eight children <6 years who underwent incidental appendectomies, and all control subjects had negative IHC and PCR analyses. PCR is as useful and reliable as IHC in diagnosing adenovirus in intussusception and has greater sensitivity than IHC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We directly confirmed the relationship between adenovirus infection and intussusception through IHC analysis and PCR detection of pathological evidence. PCR is more sensitive than IHC for diagnosing adenovirus in intussusception.</p>","PeriodicalId":15391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"678-683"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12505099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144882949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel J Hoffmann, Pieter W A Meyer, Catherine M Worsley, Mieke A van der Mescht, A Visser, Tahir S Pillay
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity amongst healthcare workers in South Africa during the Omicron wave: natural infection versus vaccination.","authors":"Daniel J Hoffmann, Pieter W A Meyer, Catherine M Worsley, Mieke A van der Mescht, A Visser, Tahir S Pillay","doi":"10.1136/jcp-2024-209722","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jcp-2024-209722","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Concerns over population-level immunity have been heightened with each successive wave of COVID-19, prompting questions about whether it is primarily derived from vaccination efforts or from previous natural infections with the virus. We wished to determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Pretoria (Tshwane), South Africa, and to establish whether they were derived from vaccination or natural infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serum samples were collected from HCWs during the fourth wave of COVID-19 between 1 December 2021 and 13 March 2022. The samples were tested using the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgG (S-IgG), IgM (S-IgM) and the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid IgG (NC-IgG) kits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 221 participants, 76% (n=168) were women and 24% (n=53) were men. A total of 96.4% (n=213) of the participants were vaccinated. Natural infection-derived antibodies were detected in 23% (n=51) of participants, and vaccine-derived antibodies in 74% (n=164) of the HCWs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Even after three waves of COVID-19, HCWs derived most of their detectable antibodies from vaccination. Vaccination remains an essential tool to protect HCWs and patients from SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":15391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"717-722"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143006216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Avash Das, Omer Yilmaz, Osman Yilmaz, Vikram Deshpande
{"title":"<i>SOX17</i>: a new therapeutic target for immune evasion of colorectal cancer.","authors":"Avash Das, Omer Yilmaz, Osman Yilmaz, Vikram Deshpande","doi":"10.1136/jcp-2024-209878","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jcp-2024-209878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite advances in cancer immunotherapies across various cancers, survival outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC) with these agents remain largely unsatisfactory despite the high tumour burden. Colorectal stem cells (CSCs), especially <i>LGR5</i>+ CSCs, are the significant drivers in CRC initiation, progression and resistance to conventional therapies. Although native immune surveillance is sufficient to combat early tumour formation, CRC evades early immune detection with its well-documented adenoma-to-carcinoma sequence. The exact mechanism underlying this phenomenon still needs to be better understood. SRY-related HMG box gene 17 (<i>SOX17</i>), a transcription factor that specifies embryonic gut formation, is increasingly recognised as a significant factor in CRC tumourigenesis. However, its role as a tumour suppressor or oncogene is still debated. Evidence from a recent study highlighted the critical role of <i>SOX17</i> in reshaping the tumour immune ecosystem through the simultaneous inhibition of CD8+ T cells and selective suppression of <i>LGR5</i> expression in CSCs through transcriptional repression, thereby facilitating disease progression. Given its role in immune evasion, <i>SOX17</i> could be a promising marker in personalised therapy. Additionally, <i>SOX17</i> could play a role in the diagnostic arena, potentially identifying dysplasia in the gastrointestinal tract. Future clinical, basic and genetic studies focusing on <i>SOX17</i> are needed to ascertain its mechanistic role in tumour immunomodulation in CRC and diagnosing preneoplastic lesions in the gastrointestinal tract.</p>","PeriodicalId":15391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"653-658"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Splenic EBV-positive inflammatory follicular dendritic cell sarcoma with fibroblastic/myoid immunophenotype in a patient with EBV-negative diffuse large B cell lymphoma.","authors":"Jason E Love, Kikkeri N Naresh","doi":"10.1136/jcp-2025-210303","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jcp-2025-210303","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"723-724"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144846656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantitative assessment of red blood cell surface molecules in hereditary spherocytosis.","authors":"Tejashree Anil More, Prabhakar S Kedar","doi":"10.1136/jcp-2025-210055","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jcp-2025-210055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) refers to a heterogeneous disorder varying in genotypic and phenotypic features manifested by the production of spherocytes. The diseased cells can be eliminated from the circulatory system either by macrophages in the spleen in the extravascular pathway or the intravascular pathway via the complement cascade. This study aimed to investigate the status of red blood cell (RBC) surface molecules CD55 (decay accelerating factor), CD35 (complement receptor type 1-CR1), CD59 (MACIF), CD47 (marker of self) and CD71 (transferrin receptor) from individuals diagnosed with HS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study aims to quantitatively assess RBC surface molecules (CD35, CD55, CD59, CD47 and CD71) on peripheral RBCs from 42 HS patients and 30 healthy controls, carried out by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings show that HS patients had a significant 58% decrease in anti-CD35 binding compared with healthy controls. This is the first study to demonstrate the presence of erythrocytes with reduced CD35 levels in HS patients. Compared with the control group, HS patients had comparable levels of CD59 and CD47, but their CD55 levels were significantly reduced, with a 30% decrease in anti-CD55 binding. The expression level of CD71 was higher in HS patients (3.33%) compared with healthy controls in our study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The diminished levels of CD35 and CD55 in HS patients may influence RBC clearance, possibly through mechanisms that remain fully understood and require further investigation, including their potential role in haemolytic crises. Further research employing molecular techniques is required to clarify their exact role in HS.</p>","PeriodicalId":15391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"711-716"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144649602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grace J Kwon, Aaron Blackley, Kathryn Perkinson, Rex C Bentley, Elizabeth N Pavlisko, Diana M Cardona
{"title":"Automation of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) leading to cost savings and consistent high-quality results.","authors":"Grace J Kwon, Aaron Blackley, Kathryn Perkinson, Rex C Bentley, Elizabeth N Pavlisko, Diana M Cardona","doi":"10.1136/jcp-2025-210119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp-2025-210119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Despite continually improving guidelines, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) testing for breast and gastro-oesophageal carcinoma continues to be a technical challenge in clinical laboratories. Manual HER2 fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) testing is labour-intensive and prone to inter-run and interoperator variability. We aimed to adopt and validate a Leica BOND-III automated staining platform for HER2 FISH testing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recently validated the Leica BOND-III automated staining platform for HER2 FISH testing and compared it to our previous manual FISH (Agilent HER2 IQFISH pharmDx) methodology using 77 breast cancer cases and 8 gastric cancer cases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using the automated Leica BOND-III automated staining platform, we achieved 0.95 sensitivity and 0.97 specificity in HER2 FISH testing for breast cancer cases and 1.0 sensitivity and specificity for gastric carcinoma cases. There was a 98% concordance rate between results of automated testing versus our previous manual method. The automated staining platform decreased technical hands-on time significantly while also reducing overall supply costs for the laboratory.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We were able to implement and validate the automated Leica BOND-III staining platform seamlessly into a complex laboratory for HER2 FISH testing that has overall significantly decreased hands-on time by technologists and supply costs. Automated Leica BOND-III HER2 FISH staining results were highly concordant with our previous manual FISH method in both breast cancer and gastric cancer cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":15391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145080899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Philippe Benjamin Stephenson, Olaleke Folaranmi, José Jiménez Heffernan, Sanjay Mukhopadhyay
{"title":"Proposals to make diagnostic criteria truly usable and useful to pathologists worldwide.","authors":"Philippe Benjamin Stephenson, Olaleke Folaranmi, José Jiménez Heffernan, Sanjay Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1136/jcp-2025-210281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp-2025-210281","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145064809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aditi Rathi, Aditi Arora, Ayushi Sahay, Tanuja M Shet, Trupti Pai, Asawari Patil, Sangeeta B Desai
{"title":"Validation of uPath HER2 dual-colour dual in-situ hybridisation image analysis tool for HER2/neu testing in breast cancer.","authors":"Aditi Rathi, Aditi Arora, Ayushi Sahay, Tanuja M Shet, Trupti Pai, Asawari Patil, Sangeeta B Desai","doi":"10.1136/jcp-2025-210220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp-2025-210220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong><i>HER2/neu</i> gene is amplified in 15%-20% of invasive breast cancers (IBCs), serving as critical prognostic and predictive marker. <i>HER2</i>-targeted therapies have improved outcomes for <i>HER2</i>-positive patients, highlighting the importance of accurate assessment. Immunohistochemistry is commonly used for screening <i>HER2</i> overexpression, with equivocal cases reflex tested using in situ hybridisation (ISH) methods like fluorescence (FISH) or dual-colour dual ISH (D-DISH). While FISH displays quantitative accuracy, it is expensive, time-consuming and technically demanding. D-DISH offers a faster, automated alternative using bright-field microscopy for easier interpretation and better archiving. Advances in digital pathology, such as whole slide imaging and automated image analysis (IA), promise to improve <i>HER2</i> evaluation. The CE-IVD marked uPath HER2 Dual ISH IA algorithm by Ventana Medical Systems (Tucson, Arizona, USA) is designed to assist in this process, providing computer-assisted evaluation of <i>HER2/neu</i>. Thus, we undertook this study to standardise and validate uPath Dual ISH IA algorithm and assess interobserver reproducibility in interpreting D-DISH assay.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study retrospectively analysed 106 IBC cases, evaluating the concordance between manual and algorithm-assisted D-DISH evaluations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A consensus concordance rate of 91.5% and a Cohen's kappa value of 0.83 was observed between the manual and on-site IA evaluations, indicating near-perfect agreement. Remote IA evaluations also demonstrated substantial concordance, with a concordance rate of 88.89% and kappa value of 0.70.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We successfully validated the uPath IA algorithm as a time-efficient, screening modality as well as viable alternative to manual interpretation for both on-site and remote interpretation of <i>HER2</i> D-DISH in a high-volume centre.</p>","PeriodicalId":15391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145023424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Di Ai, Abdulwahab M Ewaz, Kevin Van Smaalen, Xiaoxian Li
{"title":"High upgrade rate to invasive carcinoma makes subclassification of papillary carcinoma of the breast in core needle biopsy unnecessary.","authors":"Di Ai, Abdulwahab M Ewaz, Kevin Van Smaalen, Xiaoxian Li","doi":"10.1136/jcp-2025-210259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp-2025-210259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Papillary carcinoma diagnosed in core needle biopsy (CNB) refers to carcinoma with papillary features but no definitive invasion, including papillary ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), papilloma with DCIS, encapsulated papillary carcinoma (EPC) and solid papillary carcinoma (SPC). This study assesses the upgrade rate of papillary carcinoma in CNB and supports the use of 'papillary carcinoma' as an umbrella term.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review identified 41 CNB cases of non-invasive papillary carcinoma with subsequent excision (2011-2018). H&E and immunohistochemistry slides from CNBs were reviewed, and excisional diagnoses were retrieved.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 41 CNB cases were either DCIS or upgraded to invasive carcinoma upon excision, with an overall upgrade rate to invasive carcinoma of 39% (16/41). Subtypes showed varying upgrade rates: 16.7% (1/6) for papillary DCIS, 25% (1/4) for papilloma with DCIS, 83.3% (5/6) for SPC, 100% (1/1) for EPC and 33.3% (8/24) for unclassifiable papillary carcinoma. No lymph node metastases, recurrences or breast cancer-related mortality were observed during the follow-up period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Given the high upgrade rate, subclassification of papillary carcinoma in CNB lacks clinical significance. The term 'papillary carcinoma' should be used in CNB, and lymph node removal warrants further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145000611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anisha Naik, Aarti Kanzaria, Xueyan Chen, Navneet Kaur, Chia-Chen Joyce Ho, Stephen D Smith, Ajay K Gopal, Mazyar Shadman, Kikkeri N Naresh
{"title":"Digital pathology and image analysis of p53 biomarker in lymphomas using two algorithms: correlation with genotype and visual inspection.","authors":"Anisha Naik, Aarti Kanzaria, Xueyan Chen, Navneet Kaur, Chia-Chen Joyce Ho, Stephen D Smith, Ajay K Gopal, Mazyar Shadman, Kikkeri N Naresh","doi":"10.1136/jcp-2025-210280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp-2025-210280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>p53 immunohistochemistry (IHC) is widely used as a rapid surrogate for detecting <i>TP53</i> mutations, with <i>TP53</i> mutations being a key biomarker for poor outcomes in lymphomas. We developed two algorithms using digital quantification tools to assess p53 expression from whole slide images of 77 lymphoma samples. An experienced pathologist visually evaluated the p53 slides, classifying cases as likely wild-type or mutated <i>TP53</i> genotype. We correlated the results of the algorithms and visual inspection with the actual <i>TP53</i> genotype. For cases with p53 overexpression (likely missense mutations), the algorithms achieved 86.7% sensitivity and 98.2% specificity (visual inspection: 80% and 95.2%). For cases with reduced p53 expression (likely 'other' mutations), the algorithms showed 92.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity (visual inspection: 40% and 95.8%). This study demonstrates that combining digital pathology with digital quantification tools-based algorithms can reliably predict <i>TP53</i> genotype from p53 IHC patterns, with comparable or slightly superior performance to an experienced pathologist.</p>","PeriodicalId":15391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144955992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}