Journal of Biosensors and Bioelectronics最新文献

{"title":"DNA biosensors and biomarkers to cancer detection","authors":"A. Beltrán, Mary-anne F. Garcia","doi":"10.15406/IJBSBE.2018.04.00090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/IJBSBE.2018.04.00090","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and was responsible for 8.8 million deaths in 2015. Globally, nearly one in six deaths is due to cancer [1]. Cancer is a genetic disease where genetics and epigenetics changes can occur, these changes guide to altered gene or protein expression or altered protein composition of cells resulting in alteration of the cycle and cell growth which translates in tumoral phenotypes. Environmental factors (such as diet, lifestyle and exposure to ultraviolet radiation or carcinogenic pollutants) play a major role in the development of some cancer. Genetic changes and environmental factors interact to influence tumor development [2]. Biomarkers and biosensor take advantage of this characteristic of cancer cell to detect certain molecules like DNA, DNA modifications, RNA, proteins or protein modifications or other biological molecules produce by the tumor itself or by the cells around the tumor in response to the presence of cancer. Early detection in cancer is crucial to give an appropriate treatment and to get better outcomes in near and long time in the patients. Biomarkers and biosensors have shown different interesting results on the cancer detection, monitoring and therapy response highlighting the minimally invasive or non-invasive collection of samples. Thus, for example, biomarkers based on protein like CA 15–3 for detection of breast cancer and CA 125 for recurrence of ovarian cancer, or more recently biomarkers in reference to epigenetic changes of gene methylation in breast and ovarian cancer [3]. In the case of carcinoma Hepatocellular, the epigenetic modifications of the gene promoter that involved the synthesis of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p15, p16 and RASSF1A, represent potentially valuable biomarkers for the early and preclinical diagnosis [4]. The last approximation cancer SEEK, which combine genetic markers and protein markers for detection up to five different types of cancer (ovary, liver, stomach, pancreas and esophagus), and estimate the origin of tumor cells in a significant proportion of cases [5]. Additionally, have been studied miRNA, markers with better capacity to predict cancer than DNA or mRNA since a single molecule of miRNA has the capacity to regulate more than one hundred mRNA, with which they have orders of magnitude much greater in terms of the information about the prognosis that they provide us. Currently different molecular biology tools had permitted to develop molecular tumor signatures based on mRNA , miRNA and DNA [6] that can help in tumor classification, subtype and ability to respond to certain therapies nowadays several of these are used in clinical practice [7].","PeriodicalId":15247,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88665503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and evaluation of a highly-efficient miniature mixing system","authors":"Hsiao-Kan Ma, R. Chen, Meng-Syuan Dai, Sih-Ci Liou","doi":"10.15406/IJBSBE.2018.04.00089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/IJBSBE.2018.04.00089","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing need for molecular reactions with small liquid volume in biomedical and chemical analyses, miniature mixers have captured considerable attention. Due to the nature of laminar flow in a millimeter-size and blow flow channel, mixing, or the molecular mass transfer in miniature mixers is usually dominated by molecular diffusion. The long diffusion time and mixing distance make rapid mixing unachievable. To address low mixing efficiency, various active or passive micro mixers have been proposed and examined.1–10 Miniature mixers can be divided into two types: active and passive. Active mixers are equipped with various driving sources based on different mechanisms to create fluctuations within the fluid to achieve high mixing efficiency.11–20 For example; Moctar et al.21 developed a mixer using electro-hydrodynamic force (EHD) to drive two types of fluids with different electrical properties. The two fluids were brought into contact in a channel and were optimized by controlling the Reynold number (Re) at 0.0174. Thus, mixing could be achieved in less than 0.1 sec within a short distance. Ahmed et al.22 studied an acoustically driven mixer with an air bubble trapped inside the mixing channel. The air-liquid interface could be excited to resonance by acoustic excitation to induce streaming for mixing; it took only a few milliseconds to complete the mixing process. Liu et al. studied a pulsed mixing method based on a Y-shaped micromixer driven by two piezoelectric micro-pumps. Using two out-of-phase sinusoidal waves, the contact area between two solutions could be increased. They successfully used this device to synthesize gold nanoparticles using HAuCl4 and Na3C6H5O7 solutions. 23 A good synthesis was achieved with a Y-entrance angle of 60 degrees and flow rate of 4 ml/ min. Passive mixers usually utilize molecular diffusion and chaotic advection.","PeriodicalId":15247,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85638748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EEG-Based Analysis for Learning through Virtual Reality Environment","authors":"Sayed Ahmed Alwedaie, Habib Al Khabbaz, S. Hadi, R. Al-Hakim","doi":"10.4172/2155-6210.1000249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6210.1000249","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, many researchers studied learning through VR environment in various fields. Their assessment tools were based on tests, quizzes and/or statistical analysis of questionnaires. This study is based on the analysis of EEG signals collected from the students’ brains directly to capture their feelings and engagement during the lecture in both traditional and VR methods of teaching. \u0000To recognize the emotions of the students, the fine K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm is used. To calculate the engagement score for a student, a well-known engagement score formula issued. \u0000The participants chosen are students of Anatomy and Physiology course. All participants were subject to three sessions of EEG signal acquisition for both Real Lecture and Virtual Reality, each session is five-minutes long. For better accuracy, EEG signals were captured three times for each student in each lecturing method. Based on the data-analyzing methods applied, which are Dependent Paired Samples T-Test and Independent Paired Samples T-Test, positive emotions in a real lecture are better than positive emotions in a VR-Lecture. However, the engagement score in both classes was approximately the same.","PeriodicalId":15247,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"40 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86231644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of emerging approaches in non- or minimally invasive glucose monitoring and their application to physiological human body fluids","authors":"Sunghoon Jang, Chen Xu","doi":"10.15406/IJBSBE.2018.04.00087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/IJBSBE.2018.04.00087","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus, commonly referred to as diabetes, is a serious disease in which the body doesn’t produce or properly use insulin so there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period which represents one of the major health problems in society and a chronic disease that requires long-term medical attention [1]. Often, diabetes can lead to many serious medical problems. These include blindness, kidney disease, nervous & circulatory system disease, limb amputations, stroke and cardiovascular disease (CVD) [2,3]. According to data from the 2017 National Diabetes Statistics Report, an estimated 30.3 million children and adults in the United States including 7.2 million undiagnosed people 9.5 percent of the U.S. population in 2011 have diabetes and the estimated cost of diabetes-related health care in the United States is risen to approximately $245 billion annually in 2012 from $174 billion in 2007, including $68.6 billion in direct medical costs [4,5]. Diabetes is a disproportionately expensive disease; in the United States in 2012, the individual cost of health care was $13,700 for people with diabetes, while about $7,900 of this amount was attributed to diabetes [5]. The recent multi-center NIH studies have indicated that the health risks associated with diabetes are significantly reduced when the blood glucose levels are well and frequently controlled, indicating that it is prudent to measure the blood glucose as often as five or six times a day. Thus it is very important that proper monitoring be done by diabetics at home or at work [6]. At present all existing methods of home blood glucose monitoring require drawing a blood sample by piercing the skin (typically, on the finger). This method strongly discourages a patients’ compliance and has the serious drawbacks because the procedure is invasive.","PeriodicalId":15247,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82139472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio and chemical sensing by a low cost plasmonic platform in plastic optical fibers","authors":"N. Cennamo, L. Zeni","doi":"10.15406/IJBSBE.2018.04.00086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/IJBSBE.2018.04.00086","url":null,"abstract":"Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is widely used as a detection principle for many sensors operating in different application fields, such as bio and chemical sensing. When artificial receptors are used for bio/chemicals detection, the film on the metal surface (usually a gold surface) selectively recognizes and captures the analyte present in a liquid sample, so producing a local change in the refractive index at the metal surface. The value of the refractive index change depends on the structure of the analyte molecules [1]. SPR biosensors based on Kretschmann and Otto configurations are usually bulky and require expensive optical equipment, it is not easy to miniaturize them and, in addition, their remote interrogation may be difficult to develop. Jorgenson et al. replaced the prism by a multimode optical fiber [2]. The metal was deposited on the bare core of the fiber. The use of an optical fiber allows for remote sensing and may reduce the cost and the dimensions of the device. Due to the propagation of the light in the fiber, the angle of incidence on the metallic layer exceeds the critical angle, which depends on the refractive indices of both core and cladding components. Therefore SPR only exists for surrounding dielectrics whose refractive index lies in a narrow range. To overcome this drawback, Jorgenson et al. used a polychromatic light source and a spectrograph. This approach results in low cost, easy to implement device and can offer some attractive advantages such as the possibility to be used in the presence of flammable substances and hazardous environments, because of its electricity-free and remote sensing capabilities. Furthermore, because of the small size and non-invasive features, it can be used for medical (self-) diagnosis with the possibility to integrate SPR sensor platforms with optoelectronic devices, eventually leading to “lab on a chip”. In the scientific literature, many different configurations based on SPR in silica optical fibers, have been described [3-6]. On the other hand, for SPR sensor platforms, POFs are especially advantageous due to their excellent flexibility, easy manipulation, great numerical aperture, large diameter, and the fact that plastic is able to withstand smaller bend radii than glass. Furthermore, the advantage of the POF sensors is that they are simpler to manufacture than those based on silica optical fibers [7].","PeriodicalId":15247,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82478170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reversible Inhibitor Biosensor Systems in Dynamic Mode","authors":"V. Rangelova","doi":"10.4172/2155-6210.1000260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6210.1000260","url":null,"abstract":"The biosensor amperometric transducers can work in the case of three basic types of reversible inhibitor enzyme systems – with competitive inhibition, with non-competitive inhibition and mixed inhibition. Typically they work in static mode. Now they are investigated in dynamic mode. The kinetic in those type biosensors is generally discussed in terms of a simple extension to the Michaelis-Menten reaction scheme. The investigated biosensors are amperometric product sensitive. The parameters for simulations are chosen from some real experiments with biosensors. The models are described in non-stationary diffusion conditions. Solving system of non-linear partial differential equations is received in three dimensional size and the concentration profiles in active membrane of substrate S(x,t), inhibitor I(x,t) and product P(x,t) are received. The systems of non-linear differential partial equations have been solved numerically in MATLAB medium. The influence of starting concentration of substrate, inhibitor and kinetic parameters reaction rate and reaction constants of biosensors over output current has been investigated.","PeriodicalId":15247,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78258010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Contact, Real-Time Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection and Monitoring of Microbial Contaminants on Solid Surfaces Before, During and After Decontamination","authors":"S. Babichenko, J. Gala, M. Bentahir, Anne-Sophie Piette, L. Poryvkina, O. Rebane, B. Smits, I. Sobolev, N. Soboleva","doi":"10.4172/2155-6210.1000255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6210.1000255","url":null,"abstract":"A real-time detection and monitoring (RTDM) of microbial contamination on solid surfaces is mandatory in a range of security, safety and bio-medical applications where surfaces are exposed to accidental, natural or intentional microbial contamination. This work presents a new device, the BC-Sense, which allows a rapid and user-friendly RTDM of microbial contamination on various surfaces while assessing the decontamination kinetics and degree of cleanliness. The BC-Sense LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) device uses the Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) method based on dual wavelength sensing with multispectral pattern recognition system to rapidly detect microbial contamination on a solid surface. Microbial simulants (bacteria, bacterial spores, fungal conidia and virus) were spread at varying concentrations on a panel of solid surfaces which were assessed by BC-Sense. The spectra of dead and living E. coli showed differences at various sensing wavelengths. The limit of detection (LoD) of E. coli and MS2 virus was 2.9 × 104 and 9.5 × 104 PFU and CFU/cm2, respectively. Random samples (n=200) tested against a training dataset (n=800) were optimally discriminated for contamination versus background with a threshold of predicted response (PR) >0.55 and 10 min with spores and E. coli.","PeriodicalId":15247,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"385 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80754943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical Behavior of Bisphenol-A at Tolbutamide Modified Carbon Paste Electrode: A Voltammetric Study","authors":"Vikas, K. Be","doi":"10.4172/2155-6210.1000259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6210.1000259","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15247,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83626785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Developments and Potential Applications of Biosensor Technology","authors":"I. Mani, K. Vasdev","doi":"10.4172/2155-6210.1000253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6210.1000253","url":null,"abstract":"The development of various new kinds of sensors for the accurate detection of biomarkers in biological fluids and environmental samples are of greatest importance for the early diagnosis of diseases and to avoid the contamination of environment through pollutants, toxic and biohazardous materials. Sensitivity limits of biosensor have increased due to developments of new biological methods like tagging of fluorescence molecule with nanomaterials. Moreover, usage of peptide arrays, aptamers, antibodies, nucleotides and molecule fixed polymers, facilitate to improve advanced biosensors over conventional approaches. Several biosensors ranging from nanomaterials, polymers to microbes have broader potential applications. Generally, biosensor has been organized into several categories containing diverse sensing arrangements such as mechanical, optical and electrical transducers and modern biosensors use micro- and nanofabrication tools, as either label-free or labeled. This review provides an overview of recent developments and applications of biosensors in the fields of biomedical sciences and environmental monitoring, along with the better detection limit and improved sensitivity of the biosensors.","PeriodicalId":15247,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91236309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of fluorescent carbon nanoparticles as selective and sensitive probes for copper ions","authors":"pTaiChia Chiu, ShuWei Huangp","doi":"10.4172/2155-6210-c1-037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6210-c1-037","url":null,"abstract":"A novel sensing system has been designed for the detection of copper ions (Cu2+). It is based on the quenched fluorescence signal of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs), which were carbonization from polyvinylpyrrolidone and L-cysteine. Cu2+ can be captured by the nitrogen and sulfur groups of the CNPs to form an absorbent complex at the surface of CNPs; this results in strong quenching of the CNPs’ fluorescence via a fast metal-to-ligand binding affinity. The resulting water-soluble CNPs also exhibited a quantum yield of 7.6%, with favorable photoluminescent properties and good photostability. Importantly, the fluorescence intensities of the CNPs were quite stable in high ionic strength (up to 1.0 M NaCl) and over a broad range of pH levels (2.0–12.0). This facile method can therefore develop a sensor that offers rapid, reliable, and selective detection of Cu2+ with a detection limit as low as 0.15 μM and a dynamic range of 0.5–7.0 μM (R2 = 0.980). This sensing system was also successfully applied to determine Cu2+ in a lake water sample with satisfactory recovery levels.","PeriodicalId":15247,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"229 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87601448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}