Hasinah K. Albeladi, Abeer N. Al-Romaizan, M. Hussein
{"title":"Role of cross-linking process on the performance of PMMA","authors":"Hasinah K. Albeladi, Abeer N. Al-Romaizan, M. Hussein","doi":"10.15406/IJBSBE.2017.03.00065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/IJBSBE.2017.03.00065","url":null,"abstract":"There is no doubt that, poly (methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) is commercially used synthetic resin that produced via polymerization of its starting methyl-methacrylate monomer. It is a multipurpose amorphous thermoplastic polymer that is widely used in opticelectronic instruments like: surface boosted Raman scattering substrates,1 lightweight window,2 solar cells,3 light-emitting diode4 and battery5 because of its significant characteristics such as: its exceptional optical transparency, low-priced, mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and tremendous electrical.6 Also, PMMA is used commonly in electronic, surgical and dental supplies, as it is characterized by its resistance to several inorganic reagents, acidic and alkaline solutions, non-polar solvents, and aliphatic hydrocarbons.7,8 Unfortunately, the hydrophobic nature and lack of triggered organic groups on PMMA, its low mechanical dynamical properties under high temperature circumstances and thermal steadiness considered as drawbacks of PMMA that restricted its applications. There is an important well known method used to improve the properties of PMMA radically such as: its influence in the chemical, thermal, physical, morphological, and mechanical behavior of a polymer, which made it used potentially in different fields such as electronic applications,9 humidity sensors10 batteries.11 This method is called Cross-linking in which it tends to polymer modification by the process of interlinking the polymer chains through ionic or covalent bonds, in which it confines the polymer chains to slide past each other by impeding their free movement and produces elasticity in amorphous polymers at the same time, and this process can be carried out by using (i) chemical cross-linking or (ii) physical procedures.","PeriodicalId":15247,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72758912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. S. Macedo, S. R. F. Rosa, M. F. F. Rosa, Guilherme Henrique Rodrigues Vaz, Gilv, son Costa Cavalcante, Isabela Mcdmn Souza, L. Fern, O. F. Medeiros
{"title":"Development of remote monitoring system for biomedical equipment","authors":"F. S. Macedo, S. R. F. Rosa, M. F. F. Rosa, Guilherme Henrique Rodrigues Vaz, Gilv, son Costa Cavalcante, Isabela Mcdmn Souza, L. Fern, O. F. Medeiros","doi":"10.15406/ijbsbe.2017.03.00064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ijbsbe.2017.03.00064","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Videolaparoscopy is an effective technique to access the body cavities. This technique maintains a minimal invasive impact in relation to other surgical procedures. However, in order to accomplish this technique it is necessary to have trained health professionals and an appropriate, robust set of equipment. The objective of this article is to present and describe a remote monitoring system which was developed to monitor and assistance precision biomedical equipment, such as the ones used for videolaparoscopy. This monitoring system, VERA, implements a collaborative methodology between health professionals and equipment maintenance professionals. The system was designed using the 3C model to provide the collaborative characteristics. Moreover, the development and implementation used web technologies. Throughout this process, modeling of the VERA system included conceptual and technical methods such as wireframes, site map and user interaction modeling. The VERA system allowed a collaborative work environment for the technical assistance team (for maintenance purposes) and the health professional responsible for the videolaparoscopy. The steps developed so far reveal that the system developed through the 3C model contributes to the creation of a collaborative environment in the remote monitoring of videolaparoscopic medical equipment. This, in turn, allows the technical assistance team to carry out diagnostic and maintenance with celerity, making it possible to ensure precise and efficient procedures in the Brazilian Unified Health System.","PeriodicalId":15247,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"211 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83472364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Organic electrochemistry: basics and applications","authors":"O. Surucu, S. Abaci","doi":"10.15406/IJBSBE.2017.03.00063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/IJBSBE.2017.03.00063","url":null,"abstract":"Organic electrochemistry is related to the oxidation and reduction of organic molecules at electrodes. Electrochemistry of organic compounds has been built in twentieth century with the studies in nineteenth century. These studies were given in Table 1 as historical listing in order. Although we are eldership according to 200 years ago, investigations of organic electrochemical processes had not be done until the establishment of research area based on the use of electricity in organic synthesis by Faraday1 & Kolbe’s2 own rights. Towards the ends of nineteenth century, researchers such as Tafel and Haber had significantly contributed to informations about organic electrode processes.3 Applications of electrolysis carried out by means of organic compounds had continued in the first half of twentieth century. As a result of this progress, new electrochemical techniques had advanced due to the studies of electrode processes including polarography at dropping mercury electrode discovered by Heyrovsky at the beginning of 1920s.4 Another important contributions to polarographic research had been made by Lingane et al.,5 Laitinen.6 In the following years, Hickling’s potentiostat had led to computer era as an experimental tool for control purposes.7 Towards World War II, the studies on organic electrochemistry changed into more solvent-based clean environment.","PeriodicalId":15247,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81433898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Ismail, G. Oluleye, Oluwafemi Ij, Omofuma Oi, Olufemi As
{"title":"Mathematical modelling of an enzyme-based biosensor","authors":"I. Ismail, G. Oluleye, Oluwafemi Ij, Omofuma Oi, Olufemi As","doi":"10.15406/ijbsbe.2017.03.00062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ijbsbe.2017.03.00062","url":null,"abstract":"Biosensors are compact analytical devices, made up of a combination of a specific biological element, mainly an enzyme which recognizes a specific analyte (substrate) and the transducer which translates this biorecognition signal into an appropriate electrical signal.1,2 Amperometric biosensor is a type of biosensor which measure the current that arises on a working indicator electrode by direct electrochemical oxidation or reduction of the biochemical reaction product. These biosensors are widely used in clinical diagnostics, environment monitoring, food analysis, drug detection and industrial purposes because they are reliable, highly sensitive and comparatively cheap.3 The development of these biosensing systems depends greatly on a quantitative measurement of the enzyme activity before and after exposure to a target substrate.4 In recent days amperometric based electrochemical biosensors are highly used for fast and accurate detection.5,6 The operations of electrochemical sensors are very simple and never affect the host material.7,8 These biosensors, produces the output current based on the sensing materials on the working electrode act as a catalyst and catalyze the redox reaction. During measurement, the electrode potential is kept constant while the current is monitored. Optimization of biosensor is the time consuming process, for that mathematical modeling is used to reduce the optimization time, cost and optimize the analytical characteristics of actual biosensor.9–11","PeriodicalId":15247,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"122 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77307548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The fibonacci sequence and the jacobian matrix in food web models","authors":"A. Shannon","doi":"10.15406/IJBSBE.2017.03.00061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/IJBSBE.2017.03.00061","url":null,"abstract":"Where t is generation class, produces a number sequence for an exponentially expanding population-1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, ... , which projects, through time, mating pairs of rabbits and offspring over t monthly generations. Over time, the ratio between successive generations of Fibonacci’s rabbits ( 1 t t n n − ) converges to the golden ratio Φ (1.618...). The largest eigenvalue of this matrix equals Φ exactly, and is the exponentiated growth rate (r) of the population, that is, λ1=e r. The next largest eigenvalue equals φ (0.618...), where φ=1/Φ. We are concerned here with limits to growth for an ecological community that can be modelled electronically. The dynamics of n interacting species can also be described by Lotka-Volterra equations1 which can be applied to biosensors, but we focus here on a qualitative analysis with a quantitative outline. The purpose of this paper is to use matrix and graph theory to highlight the presence of the Fibonacci sequence in the adjoint of Jacobian matrices which can arise in simple food web models. We then utilize an application to define terms and show the place of the Fibonacci sequence in the development of the main ideas and more complex models.","PeriodicalId":15247,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74428605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bio-sensing applications of graphene based composite films","authors":"Savita Maurya","doi":"10.15406/ijbsbe.2017.03.00060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ijbsbe.2017.03.00060","url":null,"abstract":"Graphene is a two-dimensional (2D) material having honey-comb crystal lattice and thickness of one-atom. It has unique mechanical, electronic, chemical, optical, and thermal properties.1–5 Particularly its one atom thickness, high charge mobility and high surface-to-volume ratio make it eligible for very sensitive sensing applications.6–7 Applicability of GCFs for various applications is also limited by their fabrication process. Graphene based biological sensors fabricated through screen-printing electrochemical process has some pros and cons.8 In this review, we focus on the recent advances in bio-sensing application of Graphene based composite films. Bio sensors are discussed based on usage and sensing mechanism. The key difficulties and future points of view in this quickly emerging field going for GCFs for future sensing applications are given.","PeriodicalId":15247,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76347392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Monodisperse microbubbles as drug carrier units having the olive oil as the coating layer from devices manufactured by 3D printing","authors":"Walter Duarte de Araújo Filho, L. Araujo","doi":"10.15406/IJBSBE.2017.03.00059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/IJBSBE.2017.03.00059","url":null,"abstract":"The use of micro bubbles as auxiliary units in the diagnosis of diseases began in the 1980s, when they were used to increase the contrast of ultrasound images in echocardiographic examinations.1–3 Microbubbles are small microspheres loaded with a specific gas that have specific acoustic properties, which make them very useful as ultra-sonographic contrast agents for diagnostic imaging (Figure 1). Micro bubbles as carriers of pharmacologically active compounds represent one of the most promising frontiers of modern medicine having great potential to revolutionize disease treatment, specifically where the high concentration of drugs administered systematically causes undesirable side effects to the patient. Currently, many researches on this subject are underway, seeking to improve micro bubble production techniques by looking for new biocompatible coating matrices.4–10 and at the same time satisfies the prerequisites of stability and ability to withstand the aggressions of the environment in which they will be dispersed. The feasibility of this new modality of treatment involves the development of techniques of manufacture of generators, accessible and, at the same time, able to generate uniform and stable micro bubbles with sizes compatible with clinical applications, i.e. with diameters of the order of 10μm (approximate size of a red blood cell).","PeriodicalId":15247,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75912870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Arif, M. Tasneem, Fiaz Bashir, G. Yaseen, A. Anwar
{"title":"Evaluation of different levels of potassium and zinc fertilizer on the growth and yield of wheat","authors":"M. Arif, M. Tasneem, Fiaz Bashir, G. Yaseen, A. Anwar","doi":"10.15406/IJBSBE.2017.03.00057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/IJBSBE.2017.03.00057","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the staple food and second most important food crop after rice in the country, which contributes nearly one-third of the total food grains production. It is consumed mostly in the form of bread as “Chapati”. Wheat straw is used for feeding cattle. Wheat contains more protein than other cereal and has a relatively high content of niacin and thiamine [1]. It is basically concerned in providing the characteristics substance “Glutin” which is very essential for bakers. The production potential of wheat crop is the resultant of a number of interacting factors contributing its shares. Major nutrients (N, P and K) are important for increasing the crop production. However, farmers in this region generally used only nitrogen or nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. Intensification of cropping system with greater use of potassium free chemical fertilizers and adoption of high yielding varieties have resulted in the mining of soils leading to K deficiency. There is immense scope of increasing productivity through adequate application of [2]. Wheat has proved to have a higher agronomic K efficiency as indicated by a greater relative yield under K deficient conditions [3]. Better growth and yield of wheat crop has been observed with the addition of’ K [4], Potassium content in the plant tissue is crucial to the proper functioning of several important biochemical and physiological processes that directly determine crop productivity. Therefore, for sustaining soil fertility and optimum crop productivity on long term basis, K removal through the crops should be replenished with balanced and adequate K fertilization.","PeriodicalId":15247,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80759638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Implantable Microcoil for In-vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy","authors":"L. Fakri-Bouchet, M. Zahraoui","doi":"10.15406/IJBSBE.2017.03.00056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/IJBSBE.2017.03.00056","url":null,"abstract":"The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is the study metabolic processes in different biological and chemical samples as tissues, cell cultures, and protein structures. MRS fulfils an important role through its ability to deduce structural information and to withdraw microscopic data from the intermolecular dynamics. The NMR Approach has expand its capacities to cover furthermost medical and chemical diagnosis applications. However, NMR sensitivity still lags significantly behind most other analytical techniques by a factor of 100-1000, mainly for mass-limited and concentration-limited samples [1]. The observation of metabolic processes using short spin-spin relaxation decay becomes possible via short echo-time localization pulse-sequences. Yet, spectra quantification is obstructed by overlapping metabolite resonances and by low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) due to the limited size of the observed volume. Hence, the analysis of sample volumes of nanoliter order point toward the improvement of Radio-Frequency (RF) coils having dimensions of several micrometers [2,3]. The sensitivity of an NMR receiver coil is expressed as a ratio of the SNR and the concentration of the measured substance [4]:","PeriodicalId":15247,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84093185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Monteiro, Guilherme dos Anjos Guimarães, B. C. Motta, Ronei Delfino da Fonseca, M. P. Marques, Gabriel Williams Silva de Mendonça, S. R. F. Rosa
{"title":"The use of radiofrequency for hepatocellular carcinoma ablation : an update review and perspectives","authors":"M. Monteiro, Guilherme dos Anjos Guimarães, B. C. Motta, Ronei Delfino da Fonseca, M. P. Marques, Gabriel Williams Silva de Mendonça, S. R. F. Rosa","doi":"10.15406/IJBSBE.2017.03.00055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/IJBSBE.2017.03.00055","url":null,"abstract":"The World Health Organization classifies liver cancer among the five types of cancer with highest death rates in the world. Among the current methods available for the treatment of liver cancer, there is the resection of hepatic tissue and the radiofrequency ablation of the tumor. Even though resection presents the best results, only 10% to 15% of the affected patients may eligible for this procedure. On the other hand, the radiofrequency ablation encompasses a larger scope of patients and provides a non-invasive method when compared to resection. There is research with sufficient evidence to allow the transposition of this concept to new technological paradigms, which would yield a more effective ablation process, i.e.: generating enough volumetric necrosis for complete regression of the tumor, leading to a high survival rate of patients. These technological paradigms encompass aspects of operability, innovation and of theoretical framework. In terms of operability, there is the use of better imaging sources to aid the healthcare professional in the positioning of electrodes; in terms of innovation, there are new technologies such as the use of optical fiber microsensors and metallic magnetic nanoparticles to increase the efficiency of the process; in terms of theoretical framework, there is the development of more precise mathematical models that would expand the possibilities of application and increase its effectiveness. These new challenges are new possibilities that may reshape the concept and the use of radiofrequency ablation as it is currently known.","PeriodicalId":15247,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"130 23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82079877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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