Journal of Applied Sciences and Nanotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Chitosan/PVA/PEG Blend Strengthened with MgO Nanoparticles for Antibacterial Application","authors":"I. Fadhil, B. Aldabbagh, W. Mahdi","doi":"10.53293/jasn.2022.4552.1123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53293/jasn.2022.4552.1123","url":null,"abstract":"Chitosan holds net ionic positive charges, which contribute its ability to chemically bind with negatively charged fats, lipids, metal ions, proteins, and microorganisms. Magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles are important inorganic materials with a wide band-gap used in many applications such as catalysts, antibacterial and medical products. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Chitosan (CHT) hydrogel loaded MgO nanoparticles on the bacterial growth. CHT/ poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)/ poly ethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel was blended with various amounts of MgO nanoparticles. The surface morphology of the obtained blends was investigated by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM). Evidently, surfaces with appropriate roughness were obtained for most of the prepared hydrogels. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDX) were also included in this paper. Thermal properties of all samples was studied by DSC-TGA curves. The antibacterial activity of the prepared hybrids CHT/PVA/PEG/MgO nanoparticles have performed against gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and Streptococcus, as well as gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Escherichia coli (E.coli). In this study, MgO nanoparticles various proportions presented high efficiency towards gram positive microorganisms. High resistance of gram negative bacteria against the final products was extremely detected according to measured inhibition zones which were between (0-9) mm.","PeriodicalId":15241,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Nanotechnology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82750025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of Cellulose Acetate Nanocomposite Films Based on TiO2-ZnO Nanoparticles Modification as Food Packaging Applications","authors":"H. Ali, N. Hameed","doi":"10.53293/jasn.2022.4542.1122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53293/jasn.2022.4542.1122","url":null,"abstract":"To develop bio-packaging materials, nanocomposite films of cellulose acetate reinforced with titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared, by the casting method at different weight ratios of ZnO nanoparticles (1.5, 2, and 2.5) wt% and a constant weight ratio of 2 wt% TiO 2 . ZnO and TiO 2 nanoparticles were tested using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation) were improved at a fixed level of Cellulose Acetate+ 2% TiO 2 +1.5wt% ZnO loading. Beyond that level of loading, they decreased. The tensile strength was decreased due to some degrees of agglomeration of filler particles above a critical content. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was conducted to reveal the microstructures and chemical composition of as-prepared composite films. The wettability of the films was also determined by the sessile drop method. An increase in contact angle was also observed by the addition of ZnO content from 70.6° to 77.1° compared to pure Cellulose Acetate, which indicated a value of 61.3°. Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was enhanced after incorporation of ZnO-TiO 2 compared with pure CA. The enhanced wettability and antibacterial activity of the prepared films suggest that they could be used for packaging applications.","PeriodicalId":15241,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Nanotechnology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79161379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modal Analysis for Single-Mode Waveguides of Silicon on Sapphire (SOS) at Infrared Region Using Finite Element Method (FEM)","authors":"Y. Shwan","doi":"10.53293/jasn.2022.4357.1103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53293/jasn.2022.4357.1103","url":null,"abstract":"One of the recommended platforms for waveguide generation in the infrared region is silicon-on-sapphire (SOS). This paper proposes a modal of the optical waveguide of silicon on a sapphire from λ = 2 − 5 𝜇𝑚 , using FEM (finite-element method) solver simulation performed by FDTD [finite-different-time-domain]. The waveguide is directly based on the refractive index difference between the wave's guideline regions and surrounding media (cladding). The use of FEM to analyze a single waveguide mode of SOS at a certain size within multiple wavelengths is a unique aspect of this research. In addition, this project's objective is to discover how the waveguide size (dimension) impacts single-mode waveguides in the infrared region. The investigation includes single-mode polarization with both transverse-magnetic TM 0 and transverse-electric TE 0 polarization. The waveguide is reliant on the effective index of different mediums, and sizes of substances, they have a significant role in generating waveguide with minimum loss (minimum dispersion). The study's most crucial finding is that single-mode can be achieved in silicon with widths ranging from 0.4 − 4.5 𝜇𝑚 and height ranging from 0.4 − 0.7 𝜇𝑚 as well as analysis the characteristics of mode polarization and explain those parameters have a massive role in the waveguide like effective index, sizes of structure and wavelength. In keeping with our modal analysis, we also state the mode's characterization and direct some factors' influence on the waveguide.","PeriodicalId":15241,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Nanotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73379255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Vitamin D Elements and Osteoporosis Factors in Postmenopausal Iraqi Women with T2DM","authors":"Howraa Alkabi, W. ALfatlawi, M. Aldabagh","doi":"10.53293/jasn.2022.4483.1114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53293/jasn.2022.4483.1114","url":null,"abstract":"Osteoporosis is a systematic bone disorder characterized by bone mass loss and bone tissue architectural degeneration. The incidence of osteoporosis in women increases with age, reflecting the considerable increase in bone loss rate in postmenopausal women once estrogen loses its protective influence. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of Osteocalcin, Vitamin D, and other parameters that influence bone quality and increased bone fragility in postmenopausal Iraqi women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The levels of vitamin D receptor and vitamin D binding protein in serum are studied for the first time in our study. The present study included 89 postmenopausal women aged 50-70 years old, 62 T2DM patients, and 27 controls. Ten of the T2DM patients were considered osteoporotic, 28 were considered osteopenia, and 22 were normal; this classification is according to the WHO criterion. After matching for body mass index (BMI) and age for patients and controls, results show a significant difference in serum Osteocalcin, vitamin D, and vitamin D binding protein levels in patients compared to controls. In our study, diabetic patients appear with high levels of Osteocalcin, vit.D, and vitamin D binding protein compared with non-diabetic control. The processes underlying diabetes mellitus-induced skeletal problems are unknown. Anti-diabetic medications might have an adverse or favorable effect on bone metabolism. The study concludes that managing skeletal health in postmenopausal women entails screening fracture risk factors, lowering modifiable risk variables through dietary and lifestyle modifications, and using a pharmacologic treatment for individuals at high risk of osteoporosis or fracture. Women with osteoporosis must be managed for the rest of their lives.","PeriodicalId":15241,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Nanotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81482883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoplasmonic Sensing Using Gold Nanostructures","authors":"A. Thajeel, M. Ibrahem, D. Ahmed","doi":"10.53293/jasn.2021.4282.1087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53293/jasn.2021.4282.1087","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoplasmonic sensing, based on the plasmonic resonance absorption of thin, irregularly-shaped Au nanostructures film, with a starting thickness of about 15 nm (±3 nm) sputtered on a quartz substrate, is used to monitor the CeO 2 NPs (with an average diameter of 50 nm) film refractive index variations using different film thicknesses (90 nm, 146 nm, 172 nm, and 196 nm). Increasing the film thickness of solution-processed CeO 2 NPs film, with layer-by-layer deposition on top of Au nanostructures, shows a significant redshift in the plasmonic resonance absorption of the plasmonic metal, from 580 nm to 611 nm. Such an increase is related to the change in the building microstructure of the semiconductor’s film which is reflected in changing its refractive index. Plasmonic surface refractive index sensitivity of 437.5 nm/RIU with FOM of 4.2 has been recorded. Such a sensing technique offers a large potential for developing cost-effective plasmonic nanosensing devices for clinical applications. This sensor structure is versatile and can be utilized to sense and monitor a large variety of materials and chemicals. 2 ± Surface is using free AFM 2","PeriodicalId":15241,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Nanotechnology","volume":"253 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74087966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of Porous Silicon for Photodetector Applications","authors":"Shahad S. Khudiar, Uday M. Nayef, F. Mutlak","doi":"10.53293/jasn.2021.3646.1032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53293/jasn.2021.3646.1032","url":null,"abstract":"Photoelectrochemical etching (PECE) was used to prepare porous silicon (PS) layers of polished surfaces of (100) n-type silicon wafers with a resistance of 0.1-100 μm and thickness of 600 ± 25 μm. The directed slices are to be catalyzed at different etching times (5, 15, 25 min) with a constant Hydrofluoric acid of 20% and with a fixed current density of 20 mA/cm². The porous silicon morphology was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Samples were formed by different engraving times. It revealed that the silicon surface has a layer of sponge-like structure, with the average pore diameter (740±1 nm, 550±2 nm,460±3 nm) of the porous silicon increasing as the etching time increased. PS Al PS /Si /Al photodetectors were found to work as a photodetector over a wide wavelength responsivity.","PeriodicalId":15241,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Nanotechnology","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78632947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Risk Factors and Some Biomarkers Parameters during Infected Iraqis with Covid-19","authors":"R. Salih, A. Taha, N. Mohamed","doi":"10.53293/jasn.2021.4112.1071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53293/jasn.2021.4112.1071","url":null,"abstract":"Covid-19 is a global challenge that drives health care to its limits. Biological parameters associated with increased risk of severe or fatal disease courses were identified, including conditions connected with a poor state of health, organ damage, and coagulation dysfunction. In a recent study, risk factors like age, sex, blood group (ABO), smoking, and several biomarkers like white blood cells, lymphocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, D-dimer, and potassium level were considered. One hundred nasopharyngeal swabs and blood samples were collected from Iraqi patients and classified according to the severity of the disease into five groups: Asymptomatic, Mild, Moderate, Severe, and Deceased, according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO). The current study was based on the risk factors and their effect on disease severity (age, sex, blood type, and smoking). As a result, there was a substantial positive linear link (R2=0.91) between getting older and increasing disease severity. Study results were showed a little statistically significant difference in the number of males and females infected with SARS-CoV-2. Interestingly, males were shown to be more susceptible to infection than females. Also, because type (O) blood is more extensively distributed in the Middle East population than the other blood types, those with type (O) blood are more susceptible to infection.","PeriodicalId":15241,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Nanotechnology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89229866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Nitrate via CVD Coating on Hydrogen Embrittlement in High Strength Steel Treated with Zinc PVD Coating","authors":"I. Ali, Ameen Thamer, Faras Mohammad","doi":"10.53293/jasn.2021.4323.1095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53293/jasn.2021.4323.1095","url":null,"abstract":"High strength low alloy steel (HSLAS) is quite sensitive to hydrogen embrittlement due to its different phases. This study investigated the hydrogen embrittlement (HE) behavior of uncoated, physically vapor deposition (PVD) coated, and chemically vapor deposition (CVD) coated HSLAS. The XRD indicates the formation of ZnO, Zn ( N 3)2 , γN and C 3 N 4 phases at the outer coating layer. The results show that combination of surface nitriding and zinc deposition are efficient method against hydrogen embrittlement. This could be attributed to the reduction of hydrogen that is generated by the reaction of surface Zn) N 3 ) 2 phase and the low rate of hydrogen transport through the γN phase. The coatings were tested by immersing the tensile samples in a diluted H 2 SO 4 solution with water for 24 hours. Additionally, the result shows that combined coating resulting in higher tensile strength, yield stress, and tensile elongation compared to uncoated samples. Hardness results indicate that the combined coatings (PVD + CVD) has the higher value of about 258 HV, followed by the uncoated sample of about 218 HV, while the PVD only coated sample have the lower hardness value of about 175 HV.","PeriodicalId":15241,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Nanotechnology","volume":"4 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87535306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of Substrates Properties by Incorporating Titanium Nanoparticles Deposited by DC Diode Sputtering Approach","authors":"Iman H. Hadi, Muslim F. Jawad, K. Hassoon","doi":"10.53293/jasn.2021.4069.1075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53293/jasn.2021.4069.1075","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the synthesis of titanium thin films on two different substrates (glass and n-type Si), with thicknesses of 90 and 145 nm at two different times (5 and 10 min) respectively, have been obtained. The thin films have been successfully deposited on glass and silicon substrates using DC diode sputtering technique. The optical properties of the prepared thin films have been checked out using the optical reflectance spectrum. A significant reduction in surface reflectivity was observed at (10 min) sputtering time. The structural properties of the prepared thin films were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). XRD results confirmed that titanium thin films had a hexagonal structure with preferred orientation on (002). The images of FESEM showed that all the samples had a uniform distribution of granular surface morphology. The grain sizes of the Ti nanostructure were estimated using Scherrers’ analysis. The thickness of Ti thin film increased as the sputtering time increased for both glass and Si n-type substrates. The repeated experiments revealed that the most uniform Ti thin film is on Si substrate (n-type) with particle size 10 nm at deposition time 5 min.","PeriodicalId":15241,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Nanotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87054755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA Analysis of qacE Gene in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated from Iraqi Patient","authors":"R. Abdullah, Shahla Al-Azzawi","doi":"10.53293/jasn.2022.4168.1077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53293/jasn.2022.4168.1077","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause different infections such as nosocomial bacterial infection, Urinary tract infection, Meningitis, Eye infection, Otitis Media, Respiratory infections, and Pneumonia, especially in people with Cystic fibrosis, Bone and joints infection, gastrointestinal infection, Skin infection and soft tissue inflammation. Resistance of P. aeruginosa to antibiotics and disinfectants is a major problem all over the world due to the random and unrestricted use of antibiotics. This resistance is also likely to occur due to several reasons, including the production of beta-lactamase enzymes and the lack of permeability of their cell wall, possibility of it containing resistance genes and the occurrence of genetic mutations leading to the development of resistance to antiseptics and causing failure in treating infections that caused by P. aeruginosa. This study aims to detect and sequence analysis of qacE gene in P. aeruginosa that responds to the resistance of Quaternary ammonium compounds and detect the mutations in this sequence and detection protein synthesis in this gene. A hundred swabs were collected from patients with burns and wounds infection from many Hospital in Baghdad including Al- Kindi Teaching Hospital, Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, National Centre for Educational Laboratories, Al-Shahid Ghazi Hariri Specialist Specialized Burns Centre (Medical City), and Al-Zaafarania General Hospital during the period October 2017 for the end of December 2017.The current study detected 69 isolates of P. aeruginosa from wound 68.6% (24/35) and burn samples 69.2% (45/65). The study was investigated QacE gene in 97.1% that responses of P. aeruginosa resistance to Quaternary ammonium compounds. The sequencing analysis for QacE genes were determined and the results appeared multiple mutations including Missense mutations, insertion mutations and several silent mutations, some mutations effected in the translation of protein while others not affected. This study also included the analysis of phylogenetic tree of QacE gene and the results showed that the tree consisted of only one species which is P. aeruginosa , and the isolates in this study did not deviate of this bacteria even if their mutations were more than 22.","PeriodicalId":15241,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Sciences and Nanotechnology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81890301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}