Journal of Applied Poultry Research最新文献

{"title":"The effect of laying hen strain on perching biomechanics and keel deviations","authors":"Emily DePaoli,&nbsp;Doug Korver,&nbsp;Clover Bench","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Keel bone damage (<strong>KBD</strong>), including deviations and fractures, is a welfare concern in laying hens leading to pain and decreased egg production. Shifting towards alternative housing systems has highlighted a need to evaluate how laying hen strain and perch shape contributes to perching biomechanics and KBD. Our study aimed to determine the effect of strain on perching biomechanics, keel deviations, body weight, and bone composition. Four commercial strains (Lohmann White, Shaver White, Lohmann Brown, ISA Brown) and two random-bred strains (Shaver Rhode Island Red and Antique White Leghorn) were studied (<em>n</em> = 20/treatment). Perching kinematics were evaluated on round and mushroom-shaped perches at 18, 29, and 70 weeks of age using continuous kinematic recordings. Instability indicators while perching included movement speed and motion in the x- (side-side), y- (forward-backward), and z-axes (up-down). Dual x-ray absorptiometry was used to assess bone parameters (femur and keel bone mineral content and density). Keel deviation severity was assessed via digital imaging post-mortem. Rhode Island Red hens had greater femur bone mineral density and content compared with all other strains evaluated. Higher-producing commercial strains had more incidences of severe keel deviations. Round perches led to faster forward-backward and up-down movements compared to mushroom perches. Commercial strains moved up-down more and forward-backward less than random-bred strains. Up-down movements were correlated with higher incidences of severe keel deviations. Overall, both strain and perch shape effected perching biomechanics. Specifically, round perches contributed to instability while perching. Commercial strains with more severe keel deviations moved up-down more than random-bred strains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 4","pages":"Article 100494"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing dietary energy and amino acid densities in male broiler chickens: Impacts on performance, cost efficiency, and carcass quality","authors":"Carria Xie ,&nbsp;Shemil Macelline ,&nbsp;Sonia Liu ,&nbsp;Mehdi Toghyani","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dietary metabolizable energy (ME) and amino acid (AA) densities not only drive key performance metrics but also constitute over 90% of total feed costs. Optimizing ME and AA levels is thus a strategic approach to enhancing cost-effectiveness. This study investigated how manipulating ME and AA levels at different growth phases affects Ross 308 male broiler chicks' performance and carcass yield. The standard diet (T1) followed Aviagen 2022 recommendations, while six treatments with varying ME and AA levels were administered: T2: reduced ME by 100 Kcal/kg in starter and 75 Kcal/kg in grower; T3: similar to T2 but with a 50 Kcal/kg ME increase in withdrawal; T4: reduced ME by 100 Kcal/kg and +4% AA increase in starter, with reduced ME by 75 Kcal/kg in grower; T5: similar to T4 but with a 50 Kcal/kg ME increase in withdrawal; T6: reduced ME by 100 Kcal/kg and +4% AA increase in starter, reduced ME by 75 Kcal/kg and +3% AA increase in grower, and reduced ME by 50 Kcal/kg in finisher; T7: similar to T6 with a 50 Kcal/kg ME increase in withdrawal. Final BW, FI, and FCR were not significantly affected by ME and AA densities. Diets with reduced ME in the starter and grower phases resulted in the lowest feed cost per kg of BW. Carcass traits did not differ across treatments. In conclusion, reducing dietary ME by 100 and 75 Kcal/kg in starter and grower phases, respectively, can potentially lower feed costs without adversely affecting productivity and carcass traits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 4","pages":"Article 100492"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applied research note: Black Soldier Fly Larvae Frass is an effective feed ingredient for broiler diets","authors":"D.S. Adams,&nbsp;E.A. Koutsos","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Black Soldier Fly Larvae (<strong>BSFL</strong>) have been successfully utilized in the diets of noncommercial poultry flocks for many years. Availability and cost have hindered its adoption by commercial poultry producers. Frass, a production byproduct, comprising exoskeletons, small larvae, digested feed, and leftover feedstock has predominately been used as fertilizer. The nutrient content of frass makes it appropriate for use in animal feed, and BSFL frass is produced at a volume and cost that is viable for commercial poultry producers. This product contains lauric acid, chitin, and antimicrobial peptides, which may improve overall animal health. In this study, two experiments were conducted to examine the impact of BSFL Frass inclusion in broiler diets on growth performance compared to a control diet.</div><div>Diets in this study were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Frass from BSFL was included at 2.5 % in the starter phase, 5.0 % in the grower phase, and 10 % in the finisher phase. Both experiments utilized 10 replicates per treatment. Overall, no differences were noted in feed intake (<em>P</em>=0.091, <em>P</em>=0.845), bodyweight gain (<em>P</em>=0.433, <em>P</em>=0.619), or feed conversion ratio (<strong>FCR</strong>) (<em>P</em>=0.060, <em>P</em>=0.727) in either Experiment (Experiment 1 and Experiment 2, respectively). These results indicate that BSFL frass can be an effective and safe feed ingredient option for commercial broiler production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 4","pages":"Article 100493"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Ganoderma Lucidum supplementation on the growth performance, biochemical blood parameters, antioxidant and immunity status, and meat quality in slow-growing broilers","authors":"Junyan Wang ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Mostafa Azzam ,&nbsp;Taidi Xiong ,&nbsp;Yitong Wang ,&nbsp;Jinling Ye ,&nbsp;Qiuli Fan ,&nbsp;Danlei Xu ,&nbsp;Fayuan Ding ,&nbsp;Zhonggang Cheng ,&nbsp;Abdulaziz A. Alabdullatif ,&nbsp;Rashed Alhotan ,&nbsp;Shouqun Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Ganoderma Lucidum</em> (<strong><em>G. lucidum</em></strong>) is an edible mushroom and it has been used as a medicinal fungus for centuries. We evaluated the efficacy of <em>G. lucidum</em> on the growth performance, biochemical blood parameters, antioxidant and immunity status, and meat quality in slow-growing broilers. A total of 216 one-day-old broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups: a basal control diet with 0 mg/kg (<em>G. lucidum</em>), 300 mg/kg (<em>G. lucidum</em>), and 600 mg/kg (<em>G. lucidum</em>) for 50 d. The findings showed that <em>G. lucidum</em> showed an insignificant improvement in body weight and average body weight gain (<em>P</em> = 0.06 (during the early fattening period, and reduced the mortality rate (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). In addition, dietary <em>G. lucidum</em> imposed changes in plasma indices, in a dose- and age-dependent manner. <em>G. lucidum</em> treatments increased plasma levels of superoxide dismutase activity (<strong>T-SOD</strong>) and interferon gamma (<strong>IFN-γ</strong>) at 21 d of age and decreased plasma activity of aspartate aminotransferase (<strong>AST</strong>) at 50 d of age. Compared to the control group, the levels of plasma urea nitrogen (<strong>UN</strong>) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (<strong>iNOS</strong>) decreased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) at a low dose of 300 mg <em>G. lucidum</em>/kg and interleukin 6 (<strong>IL-6</strong>) increased at a high dose of 600 mg <em>G. lucidum</em>/kg at 21 d of age. Plasma immunoglobulin A (<strong>IgA</strong>) levels increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) at a high dose of 600 mg <em>G. lucidum</em>/kg, while malondialdehyde (<strong>MDA</strong>) decreased at a low dose of 300 mg <em>G. lucidum</em>/kg at 50 d of age. A significant increase (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in succinate dehydrogenase (<strong>SDH</strong>) activity in the liver was observed in birds fed 600 mg <em>G. lucidum</em>/kg. <em>G. lucidum</em> treatments increased (<em>P</em> = 0.003) mRNA expressions of jejunal B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (<strong><em>Bcl-2</em></strong>). No differences were observed in the physicochemical indices of meat, except for redness (a*), which was lower (<em>P</em> = 0.02) in birds fed G. lucidum at a high dose of 600 mg/kg compared to the control diet. The findings suggest that <em>G. lucidum</em> would be considered as a feed supplement inclusion with possible ameliorative changes on broilers health status.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 4","pages":"Article 100491"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating microbiome patterns, microbial species, and leg health associated with reused litter in a commercial broiler barn","authors":"Anh Dang Trieu Do ,&nbsp;Annie Lozano ,&nbsp;Tricia A. Van Laar ,&nbsp;Reyna Mero ,&nbsp;Cynthia Lopez ,&nbsp;Cirenio Hisasaga ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Lopez ,&nbsp;Monica Franco ,&nbsp;Ruel Celeste ,&nbsp;Katy J. Tarrant","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poultry litter amendments are commonly used to mitigate ammonia levels by binding and reducing ammonia volatilization in poultry housing, but there are concerns that litter amendments may impact broiler health. The goal of our study is to characterize the effect of an organic-certified diatomaceous earth litter amendment on the microbial content of the litter, and the gastrointestinal microbiome and leg health of fast-growing broilers. The study was carried out over a 2-yr period involving 5 consecutive flocks housed in a barn, where one half of the barn received the litter amendment while the other half served as a control. Key health indicators such as gastrointestinal microbiome diversity, and leg health were monitored. The findings suggest that the organic litter amendment, while not significantly altering the bacterial counts in the litter, may offer benefits in improving broiler wellbeing. This is evidenced by differences in footpad dermatitis and hock burn scores between the treated and control groups, highlighting the potential of such amendments not only in managing ammonia levels but also in promoting animal health. This study provides valuable insights into the applied implications of using an organic diatomaceous earth amendment in a poultry facility, indicating a positive impact on bird welfare without altering the microbial balance within the litter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 4","pages":"Article 100490"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of bone quality in table egg layers by quantitative ultrasound, 3-point-bending test, and ash content","authors":"R. Crespo ,&nbsp;I. Poudel ,&nbsp;D.M. Malheiros ,&nbsp;K.E. Anderson ,&nbsp;R.D. Malheiros","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to compare the performance of 2 quantitative ultrasound (<strong>QUS</strong>) devices and to investigate the possible relationship between bone density, measured by speed of sound (<strong>SOS</strong>), and the biomechanical properties of bone. The bone density of humerus and tarsometatarsus of 46, 29-week-old laying hens housed in conventional cages were measured with 2 QUS devices. After testing, the birds were humanely euthanized and their left tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus were collected. The diameter of these bones was measured at mid-shaft. Bending moment and peak force were evaluated using a TA-HD Plus instrument. Statistical analysis was performed in JMP Pro 16. For all the analyses, significance was set at <em>P</em>&lt; 0.05. There was poor agreement in the SOS results between both devices. There was a moderate positive linear correlation (r² &gt; 0.6) between bending moment and peak force. No significant linear correlation was observed between the bone diameter and the bending moment or the peak force, or between SOS or bone ash content and any of the mechanical properties measured. A nominal logistic fit model was used to compare low vs normal bone density to the biomechanical properties. A bone was defined to have low density if its SOS was below 1 standard deviation from the mean. A model that linked all 3 biomechanical properties (<em>P</em> = 0.0173) was significantly correlated with the density (low vs normal) of tibiotarsi. Furthermore, the hen's tarsometatarsus with a higher bending moment and lower peak force had an increased odds ratio of low density tibiotarsi (<em>P</em> = 0.0293). This study failed to demonstrate a relation between the SOS and biomechanical properties of bone. While QUS was noninvasive assessment, the devices provided minimal or no association with the mechanical or ash content of the bones. Testing and validation of noninvasive tools are needed to expand our understanding of bone health and offer early detection of bone loss mass in layer flocks in longitudinal studies to develop effective management and intervention strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 4","pages":"Article 100489"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of prediction equations for apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen of fish meal and poultry by-product meal in broiler chickens","authors":"Asghar Aghaei Eshtejarani ,&nbsp;Hossein Moravej ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Ghaziani ,&nbsp;Hamid reza Rafieian Naeini ,&nbsp;Woo Kyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This experiment was conducted to determine the AME_n content of fish meal (<strong>FM</strong>) and poultry by-product meal (<strong>PBM</strong>) samples from different origins to develop prediction equations based on the chemical composition. A total of 300 one-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to fifteen treatments (fourteen experimental diets and 1 reference diet) with 4 replicates of each treatment and 5 birds per replicate. In order to determine AME_n using a replacement method, the test diets consisted of 60% reference diet (based on corn and soybean meal), 38% FM or PBM samples, and 2% micro-ingredients. The broilers were fed the experimental diets for 4 d (24–27), and feces were collected on d 28. The AME_n values of the FM samples varied from 2,886 to 3,157 kcal/kg, and the range for the PBM was from 2,186 to 4,114 kcal/kg. The regression equation prediction of AME_n was determined by SPSS software. Finally, the equations AME_n = 35.658 × CP + 61.975 × EE (standard error of prediction [<strong>SEP</strong>]: 98.79; Adjusted R²: 0.89) and AME_n = 84.396 × EE + 21.221 × CP (SEP: 269.83; Adjusted R²: 0.93) were suggested to predict the AME_n for FM and PBM, respectively. These equations can save time and cost for poultry nutritionists to formulate the diets for broilers and serve as a reference to develop calibration equations for the predicted values of AME_n of FM and PBM for broiler chickens using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 4","pages":"Article 100485"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of haemosporidian infection between wild red junglefowls and domestic chickens","authors":"N.M. Che-Ajuyo ,&nbsp;X. Rao ,&nbsp;B. Liu ,&nbsp;Z. Deng ,&nbsp;W. Liang ,&nbsp;L. Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parasitic infections, including avian chronic haemosporidian infection, have been proven to be a major selection force affecting birds on a global scale including closely related bird species. To date, there has been limited information about haemosporidian infections in the red junglefowl (<em>Gallus gallus</em>) as compared to the domestic chicken (<em>G. gallus domesticus</em>). In this study, we collected blood samples of 39 wild red junglefowls and 122 domestic chickens to test for the presence of haemosporidian infections and various parasitic lineages. The PCR product of positive samples was sequenced, and their lineage was identified using the GenBank database. The result showed that all sampled red junglefowls tested positive for haemosporidian infection with 100% of parasite prevalence, while 104 domestic chickens tested positive (85%). Furthermore, parasite lineages were more diverse in red junglefowls compared to domestic chickens. We recommend that further research should be conducted on more populations of wild red junglefowls in comparison to the domestic chickens to ascertain the prevalence of haemosporidian parasites in association with vectors and other risk factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 4","pages":"Article 100482"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142434483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of varying branched-chain amino acid ratio in diets containing corn gluten meal, L-isoleucine, and L-valine on 0–21 d turkey poult performance, relative mTOR activation, and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility","authors":"E.B. Estanich ,&nbsp;K.M. Bowen ,&nbsp;L.E. Knarr ,&nbsp;E.A. Lynch ,&nbsp;S.L. Noll ,&nbsp;A.R. Garcia Morales ,&nbsp;J.S. Moritz","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The branched-chain amino acids (<strong>BCAA</strong>) leucine, isoleucine, and valine are essential AA needed for energy production, protein synthesis, and anabolic signaling functions via the mammalian target of rapamycin (<strong>mTOR</strong>) pathway in turkeys. Imbalanced BCAA ratios can lead to antagonism and degradation of limiting BCAA, particularly in diets with excess leucine. Concentrated corn proteins contain high levels of leucine and can alter BCAA requirements; however, L-Ile and L-Val may be added to correct BCAA ratios. This study evaluated the effects of varying dietary BCAA ratio using corn gluten meal, L-Ile, and L-Val on performance, mTOR activation, and apparent ileal AA digestibility in commercial turkey hens from 0 to 21 d of age. A 38.4% corn and 49.8% soybean meal diet served as the Control. In uncorrected high leucine treatments, feed intake, bird weight, and live weight gain decreased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and feed conversion ratio (<strong>FCR</strong>) increased relative to the Control at d 14 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Performance equivalent to the Control was induced by adding both L-Ile and L-Val at d 14 (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05), and FCR decreased relative to the Control at d 21 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Relative mTOR activation numerically increased with high leucine diets compared to the Control (<em>P</em> = 0.13). BCAA digestibility was maximized in high leucine diets with additional L-Ile and L-Val (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). These results demonstrate that diets containing excess leucine from concentrated corn proteins can decrease poult hen performance, but concomitant additions of L-Ile and L-Val may restore performance. In production settings, nutritionists should assess the costs associated with BCAA supplementation at practical levels vs. corn and soybean meal-based diets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 4","pages":"Article 100486"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hygienic feed manufacturing strategies improve pelleting efficiency while maintaining early turkey poult performance and tibia mineralization","authors":"C.M. Poholsky ,&nbsp;J.S. Moritz ,&nbsp;J.W. Boney","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Feed manufacturing strategies affect feed hygiene, pelleting efficiency, pellet quality, and nutrient availability, ultimately impacting turkey performance. Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of feed manufacturing strategy on pelleting efficiency, poult performance, and tibia mineralization. A common commercial diet was utilized in Experiment 1. Mash feed was subjected to either a standard (<strong>STD</strong>) or a hygienic (<strong>HYG</strong>) manufacturing strategy. The STD manufacturing strategy used 76.7°C steam conditioning for 15 s while the HYG manufacturing strategy used 85°C steam conditioning for 15 s with a 45 s retention time in a hygienizer at 82.2°C. Pelleted feed was crumbled and fed to turkeys in Experiment 2. A total of 1,320 Hybrid Converter hen poults were housed in floor pens from d 1-28. On d 28, 3 poults per pen were randomly selected for tibia excision and ashing. One-way ANOVA tests were performed for both experiments using the GLM procedure of SAS. In Experiment 1, HYG manufacturing reduced pellet mill motor load (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and increased hot pellet temperature by 6.1°C (<em>P</em> = 0.004). Pellet durability improved with HYG manufacturing (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Manufacturing strategy did not impact phytase activity recovery (<em>P</em> = 0.989). In Experiment 2, poult performance was not influenced by manufacturing strategy (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). Furthermore, manufacturing strategy did not impact tibia mineralization (<em>P</em> = 0.150). In conclusion, the HYG manufacturing strategy improved milling efficiency and pellet durability, without jeopardizing phytase activity. Ultimately, turkey poult performance and tibia mineralization were maintained through 28 d of age when consuming feed manufactured with our defined HYG manufacturing conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 4","pages":"Article 100487"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}