Journal of Applied Poultry Research最新文献

{"title":"Application of naringenin as a natural feed additive for improving quail performance and health","authors":"Fayiz M. Reda ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Alagawany ,&nbsp;Hemat K. Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Nouf Aldawood ,&nbsp;Abdullah M. Alkahtani ,&nbsp;Abdulaziz Hassan Alhasaniah ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Mohamed T. El-Saadony ,&nbsp;Seham El-Kassas","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current feeding study was designed to investigate the influence of naringenin dietary supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, blood biochemistry, immunity, antioxidant responses, and the cecal microbiota of growing Japanese quails. Two hundred 1-wk-old Japanese quails with an average body weight of 28.02 ± 0.10 g were randomly clustered into 5 groups with 5 replicates each (n = 40 chicks/treatments &amp; 8 chicks/replicate). The first group was received the basal diet (<strong>BD</strong>) without naringenin supplementation and considered the control group. Whereas, the naringenin-treated groups were fed on BD supplemented with naringenin at 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, and 2.00 g/kg diet. Regarding the antimicrobial activity of naringenin, the results displayed growth inhibition zones increased with increasing levels of naringenin. The main findings included significant linear and quadratic increases in quail's body weight and body gain with marked improvement of FCR (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) without obvious alterations in carcass traits (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). Moreover, dietary treatment with naringenin distinctly improved quail's hematology and biochemistry with prominent hypolipidemic effects assured by the significant lowering of cholesterol, TG, LDL, and VLDL. The levels of superoxide dismutase (<strong>SOD</strong>), catalase (<strong>CAT</strong>), glutathione peroxidase (<strong>GPx</strong>), reduced glutathione (<strong>GSH</strong>), immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, and IgG), complement 3, and lysozyme were increased with naringenin supplementation. The presence of naringenin in quail's diet significantly reduced the presence of different microbial populations in the cecum of growing quails. Net profit and economic efficiency were improved with naringenin supplementation when compared to control. Therefore, naringenin could be effectively included in quail's nutrition as a promising feed additive to improve quail's health and overall performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 3","pages":"Article 100446"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105661712400045X/pdfft?md5=77d00d91608bedda22f143604c1113a9&pid=1-s2.0-S105661712400045X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141133570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applied Research Note: Effects of grinding and pelleting Kernza grain on subsequent particle size, flowability, and pellet durability index","authors":"W.G Friesen,&nbsp;H.K. Ottot,&nbsp;C.R. Stark,&nbsp;C.B. Paulk","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of Kernza grain on particle size, flowability, and pellet durability index (<strong>PDI</strong>). An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of grinding Kernza grain on subsequent particle size and flowability. Three separate hammermill screen sizes, 2.0, 2.8, and 3.6 mm were used to grind Kernza grain. Each treatment was ground at 3 separate time points for a total of 3 replications per screen size. When grinding Kernza grain, particle size analysis showed an increase in geometric mean diameter, d_gw, (linear, <em>P &lt;</em> 0.001) as screen hole diameter increased from 2.0, 2.8, to 3.6 mm. However, as d_gw increased with increasing screen hole diameter, the standard deviation, S_gw, (linear, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.021) decreased. As the d_gw increased, Kernza grain AoR increased (linear, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). With the resulting AoR values of Kernza grain ground with a screen size of 2.0 mm and 2.8 mm this product would classify as a poor flowing material (46–55°). However, as the screen size increased to 3.6 mm and subsequent particle size increased, the AoR value decreased determining this product as a passable flowing material (41–45°). Pelleting conditions yielded an increase (linear, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) in Δ temperature as the inclusion of ground Kernza grain increased. As the inclusion of Kernza grain increased, subsequent PDI increased (quadratic, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Pellet durability increased from 58.6% in the control diet to 88.4% in the 30% Kernza grain diet. The largest increase in pellet durability occurred between the 0 and 10% inclusion ranges where there was a 20% increase in pellet durability. From 10% to 30% inclusion, pellet durability still increased, but at a decreased rate of only 10%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 3","pages":"Article 100447"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1056617124000461/pdfft?md5=76609f9335f04bf66644cb86251fa4ca&pid=1-s2.0-S1056617124000461-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141142052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass traits of turkey toms fed high sunflower meal containing diets with enzyme supplementation","authors":"Jinsu Hong ,&nbsp;Emma Hansel ,&nbsp;Jorge J. Perez-Palencia ,&nbsp;Crystal L. Levesque","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the effects of sunflower meal (<strong>SFM</strong>) inclusion at 15% in turkey diets containing an enzyme cocktail on growth performance, organ weights, nutrient digestibility, and carcass traits in turkey toms. A total of 180 one-day-old turkey toms were divided into 20 pens in a randomized complete block design and fed a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet (<strong>CON diet</strong>) containing phytase, protease, and nonstarch polysaccharide degrading enzymes (<strong>NSPase</strong>; xylanase, glucanase, cellulase, invertase, protease, and amylase) or where 15% SFM was added at the expense of corn and soybean meal (<strong>SFM diet</strong>). The diets were formulated to meet the nutrient recommendations for the turkey breed and fed to the turkeys in 7 feeding phases until market. Feeding the SFM diet increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) body weight (<strong>BW</strong>) at the end of week 4 and BW gain for 0 to 4 wk. Feed conversion ratio for 0 to 4 wk was also decreased (<em>P</em> = 0.085). The SFM diet had similar (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.10) apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter and amino acids and apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter and crude protein compared to CON diet. Dietary treatments did not influence (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.10) hot carcass yield, cold carcass yield, and yield of breasts, thighs, drumsticks, and wings compared to those of turkeys fed the CON diets. In conclusion, SFM can be included at 15% in corn-soybean meal-based diet supplemented with additional soybean oil and an enzyme blend, including phytase, protease, and NSPase, for turkey toms with minimal impact on the overall feed conversion ratio and carcass yield of turkey toms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 3","pages":"Article 100441"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1056617124000400/pdfft?md5=9bc58563ba39defca2d3cddc06c0ca76&pid=1-s2.0-S1056617124000400-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141144653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applied Research Note: Bacterial profile in the environment of an egg-producing farm in Southern Brazil","authors":"Mariana C. Torres ,&nbsp;Gabriela M. Breyer ,&nbsp;Fabiana Q. Mayer ,&nbsp;Ana Paula M. Varela ,&nbsp;Marisa R. de I. Cardoso ,&nbsp;Franciele M. Siqueira","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aims to characterize the environmental microbiota of an egg-producing farm situated in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil, spanning from the chick to the laying hen stages and encompassing the treatment of carcasses and manure. Metataxonomy analyses reveal the continuity of bacterial diversity across the production stages (chick, pullet, and laying hen). The presence of <em>Fusobacteriota</em> and <em>Cyanobacteria</em> in poultry environments before any manure or carcass treatments (named pre-treatment samples) are identified as indicative phyla markers for healthy animals. Nonetheless, alterations in the bacterial communities emerge during the treatment of manure and carcasses (treatment samples), revealing an increased abundance of <em>Halanaerobiaeota</em>. In summary, the study underscores the key phyla influencing the entire environment of the egg production process on a farm in South Brazil. Although our data is from a specific farm, it provides insights for a more robust and representative study of the egg chain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 3","pages":"Article 100444"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1056617124000436/pdfft?md5=a702c8a5d4d32ccccd9aea09fde31a29&pid=1-s2.0-S1056617124000436-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141135953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycine, serine, and arginine additions to Cobb 500 female broilers fed dietary variations in crude protein","authors":"M.A. Anas ,&nbsp;N.S.B.M. Atapattu ,&nbsp;K.B. Nelson ,&nbsp;S.W. Crafton ,&nbsp;M.T. Kidd","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the effects of supplemental Gly, Ser, and Arg on growth performance, carcass traits, footpad dermatitis, and litter ammonia emission of broilers fed low-protein diets from 18 to 42 d of age. A total 576 one-day-old female Cobb 500 broilers were divided into 6 dietary treatments: 1) control, high CP (HCP 20%), 2) medium CP (MCP 18%), 3) low CP (LCP 16%), 4) LCP + 0.20% Gly+Ser, 5) LCP + 0.20% Arg, and 6) LCP + 0.20% Gly+Ser + 0.20% Arg. Although BW gain and feed intake were not affected by treatments, reducing CP to LCP (16% CP) increased FCR regardless of amino acid supplementation, with MCP being intermediate. The calculated net energy values of low CP diets were higher than MCP and MCP. Net energy intake per 1,000 <em>g</em> of gain was also higher for birds fed LCP diets. Protein efficiency ratio was improved for birds fed the LCP diet. LCP diets either with or without supplemental Gly+Ser or Arg resulted in significantly higher relative tender weight. Reducing CP from 20 to 16% significantly increased fat deposition and fat yield. Footpad scores and NH₃ emission significantly decreased on LCP compared to HCP and MCP. Broilers fed reduced CP had good growth, reduced litter ammonia, and improved foot pad health, but increased FCR and peritoneal cavity adipose tissue.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 3","pages":"Article 100442"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1056617124000412/pdfft?md5=73df26f45347bbd4f04b698289a7b065&pid=1-s2.0-S1056617124000412-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141139414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-glycosides supplementation: an efficient feeding strategy against bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis lameness in broilers assessed by using an aerosol transmission model","authors":"Andi Asnayanti ,&nbsp;Khawla Alharbi ,&nbsp;Anh D.T. Do ,&nbsp;Layla Al-Mitib ,&nbsp;Kathrin Bühler ,&nbsp;Jan Dirk Van der Klis ,&nbsp;Javier Gonzalez ,&nbsp;Michael T. Kidd ,&nbsp;Adnan A.K. Alrubaye","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis <strong>(BCO)</strong> lameness is a leg disorder in broilers leading to huge economic losses, food safety concerns, and animal welfare issues in the poultry industry. The active metabolite of vitamin D₃, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D_3, plays pivotal roles in mineral homeostasis, bone health, and immune systems which are essential for protection against BCO. Thus, we hypothesized that supplementation with a <em>Solanum glaucophyllum</em>-derived source of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ (1,25(OH)₂D₃-glycosides) would be an effective measure to control lameness. Here, we report the optimum concentration of 1,25(OH)₂D₃-glycosides supplementation in reducing BCO by comparing the inclusions of 0 µg/kg, 0.5 µg/kg, 1.0 µg/kg, and 2.0 µg/kg of 1,25(OH)₂D₃-glycosides. The application of 1.0 µg/kg of 1,25(OH)₂D₃-glycosides reduced lameness by 53.7%, which reciprocally differed (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) from 0 µg/kg and 0.5 µg/kg but was similar (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) to 2.0 µg/kg. The second aim was to assess the timing for 1,25(OH)₂D₃-glycosides feeding by comparing the applications of 1.0 µg/kg of 1,25(OH)₂D₃-glycosides for the entire 56 d, the first 28 d, and the last 28 d. Feeding the broilers with 1.0 µg/kg of 1,25(OH)₂D₃-glycosides for the first 28 d alleviated BCO incidence by 53%, which significantly differed (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) from the application for the last 28 d but was without significant difference (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) from the supplementation for the entire 56 d. Therefore, feeding 1.0 µg/kg 1,25(OH)₂D₃-glycosides in the first 28 d is the optimum 1,25(OH)₂D₃-glycosides administration and provides equal protection to the supplementation for the entire production cycle. This early feeding strategy would minimize feed additive costs without compromising bone health while promoting protection against BCO lameness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 3","pages":"Article 100440"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1056617124000394/pdfft?md5=8393e4b6163d7b68ff65f593ec35c5e8&pid=1-s2.0-S1056617124000394-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141056807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin affects the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol by downregulating the expression of breast cancer-resistant protein in poultry","authors":"Mei Li ,&nbsp;Ziyong Xu ,&nbsp;Maynur Abdurexit ,&nbsp;Haoqin Zheng ,&nbsp;Wei Xu ,&nbsp;Liping Wang ,&nbsp;Yujuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The administration of drugs via the oral route is challenging due to the presence of physiologic barrier. BCRP, which can actively transport substrates from intra- to extracellular environment, has an important functional role in the composition of physiologic barrier. Therefore, overcoming BCRP efflux is a strategy to improve the absorption of substrate drugs. Curcumin is a natural feed additive for poultry health and production. However, it is unknown whether curcumin affects the expression of BCRP. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of curcumin in the regulation of BCRP and its influences on pharmacokinetics of BCRP substrate florfenicol. Results showed that curcumin (60 μM) inhibited the expression of BCRP mRNA by 58% and BCRP protein by 52% in primary chicken hepatocytes. Moreover, intracellular mitoxantrone (a selective BCRP substrate) fluorescence was 1.58-fold higher in cells pretreated with 60 μM curcumin than in untreated cells, indicating that curcumin inhibited the transport function of BCRP. In vivo experiments showed that curcumin reduced BCRP expression in the liver, kidney, duodenum, jejunum and ileum of chicken. Coadministration of curcumin (150 mg/kg) significantly changed the pharmacokinetic behavior of orally administered florfenicol (substrate of chicken BCRP), with a higher area under the curve (35.51 vs<em>.</em> 25.81 h·ug/L) and a higher C_max values (9.94 vs. 7.61 μg/mL). The bioavailability of orally administered florfenicol was increased from 51.6 to 72.8% by curcumin. Together, our results indicate that curcumin inhibited the expression and efflux function of BCRP in chicken and improved the bioavailability of BCRP substrate florfenicol.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 3","pages":"Article 100439"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1056617124000382/pdfft?md5=f8554a4e4b4bf5c274633fe9ca014146&pid=1-s2.0-S1056617124000382-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141058452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of eugenol and butyric acid glycerides dietary supplementation on the fillet quality of chickens","authors":"Sorena Vahedipour-Dahraie ,&nbsp;Younes Zahedi ,&nbsp;Mir Daryoush Shakouri","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Because of the side effects of growth stimulant antibiotics employed for poultry nutrition the poultry industry attempts to substitute them with a safer one like as phytogenic or organic acids. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the influence of single and double supplementation of broiler chickens diet with eugenol (0, 500, and 1,000 ppm) and butyric acid glycerides (<strong>BAG</strong>) (0 and 0.2% w/w) on the chemical, technological and sensory traits of the chicken breast during 60 d of storage. The biological trial was carried out on a total of 300 mixed-sex one-day-old Ross 308 chicks, which were randomly distributed into 6 dietary treatments, with 5 replicates and 10 birds each. The results revealed that <em>L*</em> and <em>b*</em> color values of the fillet samples changed significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). The pH values reduced significantly from 5.79 to 5.69 as an effect of eugenol supplementation in the diet (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Water binding ability of the fillet samples evaluated by drip loss, cooking loss and water holding capacity assays was not influenced by addition of BAG and eugenol to the diet of broilers. Sensorial traits of the meat samples were not negatively affected by the dietary supplementation process. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (<strong>TBARS</strong>) and total volatile basic nitrogen (<strong>TVBN</strong>) values of the fillets were not influenced meaningfully by treatments. Overall, dietary supplementation of broiler chickens by eugenol and BAG did not result in important modifications of the physicochemical characteristics of chicken's breast.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 3","pages":"Article 100438"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1056617124000370/pdfft?md5=c4493d5fb10dfe912d9e582c7dcce877&pid=1-s2.0-S1056617124000370-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140937198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applied Research Note: Proteomic analysis reveals potential immunomodulatory effects of egg white glycopeptides on macrophages","authors":"Hong He ,&nbsp;Jinghui Wang ,&nbsp;Lulu Ma ,&nbsp;Shugang Li ,&nbsp;Jinqiu Wang ,&nbsp;Fang Geng","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The primary proteins in egg whites are glycoproteins, which are hydrolyzed by digestive enzymes to produce substantial egg white glycopeptides (<strong>EWGs</strong>). However, the potential role of EWG has not been reported. In this study, EWG was obtained through simulated digestion <em>in vitro</em> and affinity chromatography enrichment, and we further examined the effect of EWG on protein expression in mouse macrophages (RAW264.7) through quantitative proteomic analysis. Compared to the control group, 149 differentially expressed proteins (<strong>DEPs</strong>) were upregulated, and 35 DEPs were downregulated in RAW264.7 cells by treatment with EWG (125 µg/mL). These DEPs were related to 76 KEGG pathways (such as “NF-kappa B signaling pathway,” “TNF signaling pathway,” “C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway”) and 12 protein domains (such as “Lectin C-type domain,” “Immunoglobulin domain,” “Immunoglobulin V-set domain”), which suggested that EWG could exert immunomodulatory effects through immune signaling pathways and protein domains. Our findings provide promising signaling pathways for in-depth exploration of the immunomodulation of EWG and contribute to the development of EWG as a potential immunoactivity ingredient.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 3","pages":"Article 100437"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1056617124000369/pdfft?md5=c3796dfb6b1bec050aa9219869300525&pid=1-s2.0-S1056617124000369-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140768704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of wheat coarseness and pellet quality on performance and particle size preference of broiler chickens fed diets based on wheat and maize","authors":"B. Svihus ,&nbsp;M. Ahmad ,&nbsp;T. Rinttilä ,&nbsp;J. Apajalahti ,&nbsp;H. Hetland","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent broiler experiments have demonstrated that the macrostructure defined as the diameter and length of pellets can be larger, and that the tolerance for fines in the diet is higher than currently assumed. In a first experiment, broiler performance till 10 d of age was not affected when a 3 mm pelleted diet was replaced with a 5 mm pelleted and crumbled diet (35% particles &gt; 3.6 mm). Preference tests indicated either no particle size preference, or a preference for particles &gt; 2.8 mm. In a second experiment, reducing pellet quality of 5 mm pellets to increase the amount of fines had no effect on weight gain and FCR from 10 to 34 d of age, but when diets consisted of finely ground wheat as compared to coarsely ground wheat, the feed intake was higher and FCR was poorer. When offered feed with particles &gt; 4.0 mm, 2.8 to 4.0 mm, 1.6 to 2.8 mm and &lt; 1.6 mm, broilers ate more particles 1.6 to 2.8 mm than &gt; 4.0 mm at 12 d of age, while no clear particle size preferences were observed at older ages. These data confirm that diets pelleted through a 5 mm die can be used even from day-old, and that broilers can handle a moderate reduction in pellet quality of 5 mm pellets without compromising performance. A high versatility of broiler chickens to particle size variations, and a preference for larger particles than currently assumed even at a very young age, may explain these results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 3","pages":"Article 100436"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1056617124000357/pdfft?md5=1eba858ea82e82afa4a3ed5c26e72da1&pid=1-s2.0-S1056617124000357-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140780152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}