Journal of Applied Poultry Research最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Eucalyptus globulus leaves powder on growth performance, internal organs weights, hematological and biochemical parameters of Isa brown pullets","authors":"Aduayi Akue ,&nbsp;Lamboni Lare ,&nbsp;Essodina Talaki","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The harmful chickens bacteria impedes poultry production and the antibiotics growth promoters (AGP) used presents a public health problem related to residues in poultry products. In 2006, the world health organization prohibited the use of AGP. Indeed, this study was conducted to evaluate the influence of <em>Eucalyptus globulus</em> leaf powder (EgLP) as a growth promoter in <em>Isa brown</em> pullets. The growth parameters, Internal organs, hematology, and biochemical parameters were evaluated from the 9th to the 20th week. A total of 440 56-day-old <em>Isa brown</em> pullets were randomly allocated to 5 groups, each consisting of 4 replications, with 22 pullets in each replication. Treatments consisted of the control diet (CD) without EgLP and antibiotics, a negative control (group B-), CD with antibiotics and no EgLP, a positive control (group B+), CD + 0.25% of EgLP without antibiotic (group B1), CD with 0.50% of EgLP without antibiotic (group B2), and BD with 1% EgLP without antibiotic (group B3). The study reveled that pullet on 0.5% EgLP had the highest weight, feed intake and body weight gain at the end of the grower phase, as like the batches treated with antibiotics. The biochemical parameters such as Alanine aminotransferase and Aspartate aminotransferase concentration were not affected by EgLP supplementation. For hematological parameters, only the leukocytes number from the negative control pullets was statistically higher. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that 0.5% of EgLP served as a useful replacement for antibiotic in <em>Isa brown</em> pullets in the grower phase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 4","pages":"Article 100497"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survivability of low pathogenic avian influenza virus in aqueous poultry manure fertilizer","authors":"Jennifer Schrock ,&nbsp;Raksha Suresh ,&nbsp;Olaitan Comfort Shekoni ,&nbsp;Dina Bugybayeva ,&nbsp;Sara Dolatyabi ,&nbsp;Juliette Hanson ,&nbsp;Frederick C Michel ,&nbsp;Anne Dorrance ,&nbsp;Gourapura J Renukaradhya","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Avian influenza has been a growing problem in the United States for decades. Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) virus causes low morbidity, while highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has a devastating effect on the poultry industry causing high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Manure from large and small poultry operations is spread on crop fields as a fertilizer. During an outbreak of avian influenza on a farm, it is critical to adequately process the manure to kill the virus before its use in agriculture. Aqueous extraction of poultry manure at high temperature (55-65°C) is an attractive method for the treatment of poultry manure, which extracts the nutrients and kills harmful microbes from the manure. The end product is a nutrient-rich liquid that can be safely applied to fields or used in hydroponic operations, with nutrients that are more bioavailable to the plant compared to dry litter. However, we do not know whether aqueous high temperature extraction processes completely kill the avian influenza virus present in the manure. Our aim in this study was to determine the competence of the aqueous extraction of poultry manure on avian influenza virus inactivation. We optimized the procedure using a LPAI virus isolate in a biosafety level 2 cabinet. Our data indicated that the LPAI virus including the hemagglutinin protein of the virus was completely destroyed when the poultry manure was processed by aqueous extraction at temperatures ≥ 55°C for one hour. Future research will identify the conditions required for inactivating the HPAI virus using this optimized procedure by performing the study in a BSL3 facility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 4","pages":"Article 100496"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pomegranate peel dietary supplementation in laying hens affects egg yolk color and eggshell quality, decreases yolk lipid oxidation and influences yolk lipidomic profile","authors":"Styliani Lioliopoulou ,&nbsp;Georgios A. Papadopoulos ,&nbsp;Fani Th. Mantzouridou ,&nbsp;Ilias Giannenas ,&nbsp;Aggeliki G. Kalogeropoulou ,&nbsp;Artemis Lioupi ,&nbsp;Georgios Theodoridis ,&nbsp;Paschalis Fortomaris","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pomegranate peel is a byproduct of the pomegranate juice industry, rich in bioactive compounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality and nutritional parameters of eggs from laying hens fed a diet supplemented with a pomegranate peel byproduct (<strong>PPB</strong>). A total of 48 Isa Brown laying hens were allotted to four groups (12 replicates per group) and offered the following diets for 8 weeks: Control (0% PPB); PPB1 (1% PPB); PPB2.5 (2.5% PPB); PPB5 (5% PPB). Eggs were collected and analyzed for egg quality parameters, yolk Malondialdehyde (<strong>MDA</strong>) levels, fatty acid profile, total phenol content, α-tocopherol, cholesterol and lipidomic profile. Sampling was performed weekly, whereas a complete egg quality analysis was performed every two weeks. The results showed that eggshell weight was greater in PPB5 group compared to Control and PPB1 (<em>P</em>=0.008). Eggshell thickness was greater in PPB5 compared to PPB1 (<em>P</em>=0.016). Egg shape index was increased in PPB2.5 treatment (<em>P</em>=0.006). The higher PPB inclusion levels (2.5% and 5%) increased yolk coloration (<em>P</em>=0.014) and reduced yolk MDA content (<em>P</em>&lt;0.001) compared to Control. However, cholesterol content was higher in PPB1 compared to Control (<em>P</em>=0.028). Regarding lipidomic analysis, differentiations in yolk lipid profile were found in PPB2.5 and PPB5 yolks compared to Control (<em>P</em> = 0.022 and <em>P</em> = 0.034 in ESI- and ESI+, respectively). Mainly ceramides were upregulated. Overall, PPB supplementation up to 5% in laying hens can improve several egg quality characteristics and reduce yolk lipid peroxidation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 4","pages":"Article 100495"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consequences of dietary red pepper and radish oils’ supplementation on growth, carcass traits, blood indices, digestive enzymes activity and intestinal microbial load of broilers","authors":"Mahmoud Arisha ,&nbsp;Adel I. Attia ,&nbsp;Fayiz M. Reda ,&nbsp;Islam M. Youssef ,&nbsp;Azza R.F. El dosokey ,&nbsp;Ayman A. Swelum ,&nbsp;Yanfen Cheng ,&nbsp;Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined the potential effects of adding red pepper oil (RPO) and radish oil (RO) to broiler diets on the animals' development, immune system performance, and activity of digestive enzymes. A total of 300 1-day of age unsexed Arbor Acre chicks were allotted to five treatment groups in a complete randomized design experiment. Each group had sixty chicks divided into five replicate groups, each of 12 chicks. The 1st group (control group) was given a basal diet without supplements. A combination of RPO and RO was added to the basal diet of the remaining four groups at escalating levels: 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 g/kg of feed, respectively. Compared to the control, body weight, weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio significantly improved by adding RPO and RO at 0.6 or 0.9 g/kg of feed. Additionally, with varying RPO and RO levels, there was a considerable reduction in uric acid, creatinine, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Birds fed 0.6 g/kg of RPO and RO had lower triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Furthermore, including RPO and RO in the diet mainly impacted the activity of digestive enzymes and antioxidant levels. In addition, thymus and spleen relative weights had been influenced considerably. Additionally, the group that was fed the RPO and RO diet at a 0.9 g/kg level had the highest levels of these immune system markers. Interestingly, chicks fed diets with 0.9 g/kg of RPO and RO showed the lowest levels of <em>E. coli</em>, Salmonella, and coliforms. Additionally, there was a trend of increasing lactic acid bacteria levels with higher concentrations of RPO and RO compared to the control group. We might conclude that the RPO and RO addition in broilers' diets maximizes their production and immunity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 4","pages":"Article 100498"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of laying hen strain on perching biomechanics and keel deviations","authors":"Emily DePaoli,&nbsp;Doug Korver,&nbsp;Clover Bench","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Keel bone damage (<strong>KBD</strong>), including deviations and fractures, is a welfare concern in laying hens leading to pain and decreased egg production. Shifting towards alternative housing systems has highlighted a need to evaluate how laying hen strain and perch shape contributes to perching biomechanics and KBD. Our study aimed to determine the effect of strain on perching biomechanics, keel deviations, body weight, and bone composition. Four commercial strains (Lohmann White, Shaver White, Lohmann Brown, ISA Brown) and two random-bred strains (Shaver Rhode Island Red and Antique White Leghorn) were studied (<em>n</em> = 20/treatment). Perching kinematics were evaluated on round and mushroom-shaped perches at 18, 29, and 70 weeks of age using continuous kinematic recordings. Instability indicators while perching included movement speed and motion in the x- (side-side), y- (forward-backward), and z-axes (up-down). Dual x-ray absorptiometry was used to assess bone parameters (femur and keel bone mineral content and density). Keel deviation severity was assessed via digital imaging post-mortem. Rhode Island Red hens had greater femur bone mineral density and content compared with all other strains evaluated. Higher-producing commercial strains had more incidences of severe keel deviations. Round perches led to faster forward-backward and up-down movements compared to mushroom perches. Commercial strains moved up-down more and forward-backward less than random-bred strains. Up-down movements were correlated with higher incidences of severe keel deviations. Overall, both strain and perch shape effected perching biomechanics. Specifically, round perches contributed to instability while perching. Commercial strains with more severe keel deviations moved up-down more than random-bred strains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 4","pages":"Article 100494"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing dietary energy and amino acid densities in male broiler chickens: Impacts on performance, cost efficiency, and carcass quality","authors":"Carria Xie ,&nbsp;Shemil Macelline ,&nbsp;Sonia Liu ,&nbsp;Mehdi Toghyani","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dietary metabolizable energy (ME) and amino acid (AA) densities not only drive key performance metrics but also constitute over 90% of total feed costs. Optimizing ME and AA levels is thus a strategic approach to enhancing cost-effectiveness. This study investigated how manipulating ME and AA levels at different growth phases affects Ross 308 male broiler chicks' performance and carcass yield. The standard diet (T1) followed Aviagen 2022 recommendations, while six treatments with varying ME and AA levels were administered: T2: reduced ME by 100 Kcal/kg in starter and 75 Kcal/kg in grower; T3: similar to T2 but with a 50 Kcal/kg ME increase in withdrawal; T4: reduced ME by 100 Kcal/kg and +4% AA increase in starter, with reduced ME by 75 Kcal/kg in grower; T5: similar to T4 but with a 50 Kcal/kg ME increase in withdrawal; T6: reduced ME by 100 Kcal/kg and +4% AA increase in starter, reduced ME by 75 Kcal/kg and +3% AA increase in grower, and reduced ME by 50 Kcal/kg in finisher; T7: similar to T6 with a 50 Kcal/kg ME increase in withdrawal. Final BW, FI, and FCR were not significantly affected by ME and AA densities. Diets with reduced ME in the starter and grower phases resulted in the lowest feed cost per kg of BW. Carcass traits did not differ across treatments. In conclusion, reducing dietary ME by 100 and 75 Kcal/kg in starter and grower phases, respectively, can potentially lower feed costs without adversely affecting productivity and carcass traits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 4","pages":"Article 100492"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applied research note: Black Soldier Fly Larvae Frass is an effective feed ingredient for broiler diets","authors":"D.S. Adams,&nbsp;E.A. Koutsos","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Black Soldier Fly Larvae (<strong>BSFL</strong>) have been successfully utilized in the diets of noncommercial poultry flocks for many years. Availability and cost have hindered its adoption by commercial poultry producers. Frass, a production byproduct, comprising exoskeletons, small larvae, digested feed, and leftover feedstock has predominately been used as fertilizer. The nutrient content of frass makes it appropriate for use in animal feed, and BSFL frass is produced at a volume and cost that is viable for commercial poultry producers. This product contains lauric acid, chitin, and antimicrobial peptides, which may improve overall animal health. In this study, two experiments were conducted to examine the impact of BSFL Frass inclusion in broiler diets on growth performance compared to a control diet.</div><div>Diets in this study were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Frass from BSFL was included at 2.5 % in the starter phase, 5.0 % in the grower phase, and 10 % in the finisher phase. Both experiments utilized 10 replicates per treatment. Overall, no differences were noted in feed intake (<em>P</em>=0.091, <em>P</em>=0.845), bodyweight gain (<em>P</em>=0.433, <em>P</em>=0.619), or feed conversion ratio (<strong>FCR</strong>) (<em>P</em>=0.060, <em>P</em>=0.727) in either Experiment (Experiment 1 and Experiment 2, respectively). These results indicate that BSFL frass can be an effective and safe feed ingredient option for commercial broiler production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 4","pages":"Article 100493"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Ganoderma Lucidum supplementation on the growth performance, biochemical blood parameters, antioxidant and immunity status, and meat quality in slow-growing broilers","authors":"Junyan Wang ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Mostafa Azzam ,&nbsp;Taidi Xiong ,&nbsp;Yitong Wang ,&nbsp;Jinling Ye ,&nbsp;Qiuli Fan ,&nbsp;Danlei Xu ,&nbsp;Fayuan Ding ,&nbsp;Zhonggang Cheng ,&nbsp;Abdulaziz A. Alabdullatif ,&nbsp;Rashed Alhotan ,&nbsp;Shouqun Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Ganoderma Lucidum</em> (<strong><em>G. lucidum</em></strong>) is an edible mushroom and it has been used as a medicinal fungus for centuries. We evaluated the efficacy of <em>G. lucidum</em> on the growth performance, biochemical blood parameters, antioxidant and immunity status, and meat quality in slow-growing broilers. A total of 216 one-day-old broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups: a basal control diet with 0 mg/kg (<em>G. lucidum</em>), 300 mg/kg (<em>G. lucidum</em>), and 600 mg/kg (<em>G. lucidum</em>) for 50 d. The findings showed that <em>G. lucidum</em> showed an insignificant improvement in body weight and average body weight gain (<em>P</em> = 0.06 (during the early fattening period, and reduced the mortality rate (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). In addition, dietary <em>G. lucidum</em> imposed changes in plasma indices, in a dose- and age-dependent manner. <em>G. lucidum</em> treatments increased plasma levels of superoxide dismutase activity (<strong>T-SOD</strong>) and interferon gamma (<strong>IFN-γ</strong>) at 21 d of age and decreased plasma activity of aspartate aminotransferase (<strong>AST</strong>) at 50 d of age. Compared to the control group, the levels of plasma urea nitrogen (<strong>UN</strong>) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (<strong>iNOS</strong>) decreased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) at a low dose of 300 mg <em>G. lucidum</em>/kg and interleukin 6 (<strong>IL-6</strong>) increased at a high dose of 600 mg <em>G. lucidum</em>/kg at 21 d of age. Plasma immunoglobulin A (<strong>IgA</strong>) levels increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) at a high dose of 600 mg <em>G. lucidum</em>/kg, while malondialdehyde (<strong>MDA</strong>) decreased at a low dose of 300 mg <em>G. lucidum</em>/kg at 50 d of age. A significant increase (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in succinate dehydrogenase (<strong>SDH</strong>) activity in the liver was observed in birds fed 600 mg <em>G. lucidum</em>/kg. <em>G. lucidum</em> treatments increased (<em>P</em> = 0.003) mRNA expressions of jejunal B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (<strong><em>Bcl-2</em></strong>). No differences were observed in the physicochemical indices of meat, except for redness (a*), which was lower (<em>P</em> = 0.02) in birds fed G. lucidum at a high dose of 600 mg/kg compared to the control diet. The findings suggest that <em>G. lucidum</em> would be considered as a feed supplement inclusion with possible ameliorative changes on broilers health status.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 4","pages":"Article 100491"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating microbiome patterns, microbial species, and leg health associated with reused litter in a commercial broiler barn","authors":"Anh Dang Trieu Do ,&nbsp;Annie Lozano ,&nbsp;Tricia A. Van Laar ,&nbsp;Reyna Mero ,&nbsp;Cynthia Lopez ,&nbsp;Cirenio Hisasaga ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Lopez ,&nbsp;Monica Franco ,&nbsp;Ruel Celeste ,&nbsp;Katy J. Tarrant","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poultry litter amendments are commonly used to mitigate ammonia levels by binding and reducing ammonia volatilization in poultry housing, but there are concerns that litter amendments may impact broiler health. The goal of our study is to characterize the effect of an organic-certified diatomaceous earth litter amendment on the microbial content of the litter, and the gastrointestinal microbiome and leg health of fast-growing broilers. The study was carried out over a 2-yr period involving 5 consecutive flocks housed in a barn, where one half of the barn received the litter amendment while the other half served as a control. Key health indicators such as gastrointestinal microbiome diversity, and leg health were monitored. The findings suggest that the organic litter amendment, while not significantly altering the bacterial counts in the litter, may offer benefits in improving broiler wellbeing. This is evidenced by differences in footpad dermatitis and hock burn scores between the treated and control groups, highlighting the potential of such amendments not only in managing ammonia levels but also in promoting animal health. This study provides valuable insights into the applied implications of using an organic diatomaceous earth amendment in a poultry facility, indicating a positive impact on bird welfare without altering the microbial balance within the litter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 4","pages":"Article 100490"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of bone quality in table egg layers by quantitative ultrasound, 3-point-bending test, and ash content","authors":"R. Crespo ,&nbsp;I. Poudel ,&nbsp;D.M. Malheiros ,&nbsp;K.E. Anderson ,&nbsp;R.D. Malheiros","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to compare the performance of 2 quantitative ultrasound (<strong>QUS</strong>) devices and to investigate the possible relationship between bone density, measured by speed of sound (<strong>SOS</strong>), and the biomechanical properties of bone. The bone density of humerus and tarsometatarsus of 46, 29-week-old laying hens housed in conventional cages were measured with 2 QUS devices. After testing, the birds were humanely euthanized and their left tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus were collected. The diameter of these bones was measured at mid-shaft. Bending moment and peak force were evaluated using a TA-HD Plus instrument. Statistical analysis was performed in JMP Pro 16. For all the analyses, significance was set at <em>P</em>&lt; 0.05. There was poor agreement in the SOS results between both devices. There was a moderate positive linear correlation (r² &gt; 0.6) between bending moment and peak force. No significant linear correlation was observed between the bone diameter and the bending moment or the peak force, or between SOS or bone ash content and any of the mechanical properties measured. A nominal logistic fit model was used to compare low vs normal bone density to the biomechanical properties. A bone was defined to have low density if its SOS was below 1 standard deviation from the mean. A model that linked all 3 biomechanical properties (<em>P</em> = 0.0173) was significantly correlated with the density (low vs normal) of tibiotarsi. Furthermore, the hen's tarsometatarsus with a higher bending moment and lower peak force had an increased odds ratio of low density tibiotarsi (<em>P</em> = 0.0293). This study failed to demonstrate a relation between the SOS and biomechanical properties of bone. While QUS was noninvasive assessment, the devices provided minimal or no association with the mechanical or ash content of the bones. Testing and validation of noninvasive tools are needed to expand our understanding of bone health and offer early detection of bone loss mass in layer flocks in longitudinal studies to develop effective management and intervention strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 4","pages":"Article 100489"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}