Journal of Applied Poultry Research最新文献

{"title":"Fagopyrum dibotrys protects gut health in broiler chickens fed oxidized oil","authors":"Lulin Tan,&nbsp;Xue Han,&nbsp;Liang Li,&nbsp;Lina Li,&nbsp;Yulong Feng,&nbsp;Qingfeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective was to evaluate protective effects of <em>Fagopyrum dibotrys</em> (perennial buckwheat), antibiotics, or both, on gut health in broiler chickens fed oxidized soybean oil. Male Tiejiaoma broilers (n=240), at 1 d of age, were randomly and equally assigned to 4 treatment groups that were fed: a basal diet (Ctr group) or a diet with 60 mg flavomycin+270 mg chlortetracycline/kg diet (Anti group), with (Anti + <em>Fag</em>) or without 2% <em>F. dibotrys</em> (<em>Fag</em> group). In the present study, the inflammatory factor levels and gene expression levels were determined using commercial ELISA kits and qRT-PCR analysis, respectively. The mRNA expression profiles of ileal tissue were analyzed by RNA sequencing, and the cecal microbiota were sequenced using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. The Anti group had the best (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) feed conversion ratio and greater (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) body weight gain compared to <em>Fag</em> and Anti + <em>Fag,</em> In ileal tissue, the <em>Fag</em> group had significantly decreased concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α) but increased IL-22, and significantly increased mRNA expression of ZO-1, TNF-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β, IL-22, Nrf2, SOD1, and CAT. However, all these effects were reversed in the Anti + <em>Fag</em> group. Based on 16S rDNA, the <em>Fag</em> group had significantly increased microbial diversity in cecum, with a distinct microbiome based on principal coordinates analysis (PCoA), including increases in relative abundance of <em>Firmicutes</em> in phyla, and in genera <em>Candidatus_Arthromitus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus</em>, and <em>Lactobacillus</em>. However, those changes in cecal microbes did not occur in Anti + <em>Fag</em> group. Based on RNA-seq, there were 771, 2187, 825, 1774, 898, 2127 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs detected between Anti vs Ctr, <em>Fag</em> vs Ctr, Anti + <em>Fag</em> vs Ctr, <em>Fag</em> vs Anti, Anti + <em>Fag</em> vs Anti, and Anti + <em>Fag</em> vs <em>Fag</em>, respectively. Based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes analysis (KEGG), DE mRNA were enriched in categories and pathways related to gap junction, oxidative phosphorylation, ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, as well as the PPAR, TGF-β, and calcium signalling pathways. In summary, <em>F. dibotrys</em> ameliorated the inflammatory response by regulating expression of TNF-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β and IL-22; enhanced antioxidant activity by increasing expression of Nrf2, SOD1, and CAT; facilitated growth of <em>Candidatus_Arthromitus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus</em> and <em>Lactobacillus</em>; and regulated gene expression profile and signal pathway enrichment in ileal tissue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 3","pages":"Article 100569"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144631192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing dried black soldier fly larva as a feed component for poultry production","authors":"R.B. Dillard,&nbsp;M.K. Jones ,&nbsp;A.J. Davis","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objectives of this research were to determine the nitrogen corrected true metabolizable energy (TMEn), and digestible amino acid content of dried black soldier fly larva (BSFL), to determine if the methionine and lysine content of BSFL could be enriched by adding more crystalline lysine and methionine to their diet, and to determine if BSFL could be incorporated into broiler diets without compromising bird performance. Cecectomized and intact adult Single Comb White Leghorn roosters were used to determine amino acids digestibility and TMEn values, respectively on 8 BSFL samples from different sources. Broilers were fed from 0 to 21 d of age diets containing 0, 6, or 12 % BSFL in one experiment and 0, 6, 12, and 16 % in another experiment. The TME_N values on an as is basis ranged from 3,611 to 5,142 kcal/kg. Essential amino acid digestibility coefficient values ranged from 73 to 97 %. Growing BSFL on a nutritionally complete broiler finisher diet supplemented with extra crystalline lysine and methionine resulted in them having a significant, but marginal increase in the content of these amino acids relative to those reared on the control diet. Broilers fed diets containing 16 % BSFL had a decreased body weight gain and an increased feed to gain ratio relative to those fed the other treatments. The results indicate that as the production of BSFL is standardized yielding more consistent nutrient content, it could be suitable to be incorporated into broiler diets at least 6 % without negatively impacting bird performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 3","pages":"Article 100570"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applied research note: Determining the size and scope of USDA-exempted poultry processing in Pennsylvania","authors":"D.R. Boontarue,&nbsp;J.W. Boney","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To effectively educate small-scale poultry producers in Pennsylvania on their role in protecting commercial poultry industries, it is essential to first understand the size and scope of USDA-exempt poultry processing in the state. This study aimed to gather data from the state's 10 most poultry-dense regions to inform future extension programming. The counties identified with the highest meat bird densities included Lancaster, Lebanon, Berks, Snyder, Juniata, Union, Schuylkill, York, Perry, and Franklin. A seven-question anonymous survey was developed using Qualtrics to identify the location of growers, the nature of their processing operations, and the relevant exemption categories. Distribution of the survey was challenging, with limited responses from farmers' markets and processing facilities. However, one-on-one conversations and additional outreach via the Penn State Extension ListServ provided valuable insights. Most respondents raised birds outside the top 10 counties, with 72.6 % processing on-farm using personal equipment. Broilers were the most common species, and nearly half of the respondents raised multiple species. The \"Personal Use\" exemption category was most frequently selected (47.0 %), although many producers were unsure of their correct exemption category. Additionally, 59.7 % lacked a written biosecurity plan. These findings indicate a significant lack of awareness about USDA exemptions, likely due to limited enforcement and oversight. Given the dispersed nature of small-scale farms, future extension efforts should expand beyond poultry-dense counties and reassess their potential risks to the commercial industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 3","pages":"Article 100567"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144471477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased dietary nutrient density did not restore growth performance in broiler chickens offered diets with high canola inclusion","authors":"Milan Kandel ,&nbsp;Shemil P. Macelline ,&nbsp;Robin R. Melwani ,&nbsp;Mehdi Toghyani ,&nbsp;Ruth N. Zadoks ,&nbsp;Peter H. Selle ,&nbsp;Sonia Y. Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Feed intake reduction is one of the key challenges in diets formulated with higher inclusions of canola products for broiler chickens. Increasing dietary nutrient densities was proposed to compensate for nutrient losses caused by decreased feed intake. Hence, this study investigated whether increasing amino acid and energy density in diets with higher inclusions of canola products restores growth performance in straight-run Ross 308 broiler chickens. The study included four dietary treatments: a typical wheat-soybean meal-based control diet (T1), a diet with high inclusions of canola products at 15, 20, 25, 30 % in starter, grower finisher and withdrawal diets, respectively (T2), and two diets (T3 and T4) with higher nutrient densities compared to T2. In T3 and T4, nutrient densities were progressively increased across phases, with T3 increasing by 1.5 % to 3.0 % and T4 increasing by 3.0 % to 6.0 %. Body weight gain (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), feed intake (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), FCR (<em>P</em> = 0.003), and body weight corrected FCR at 2.5 kg (<em>P</em> = 0.007) were influenced by the dietary treatment from 0 to 42 days post-hatch. Including high levels of canola product depressed feed intake by 7.5 % (4854 versus 4490 g/bird) and weight gain by 7.6 % (3301 versus 3049 g/bird); increased weight-corrected FCR from 1.485 to 1.538 g/g compared to control diets (T1). Moderate increase in nutrient density (T3) did not alter growth performance in the diet containing high canola product inclusion but the further increase of nutrient density (T4) depressed feed intake to 4207 g/bird. Feed intakes were positively correlated to pellet durability indices (PDI) in the grower (<em>r</em> = 0.700, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), finisher (<em>r</em> = 0.700, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), and withdrawal phases (<em>r</em> = 0.656, <em>P</em> = 0.001). Nevertheless, higher inclusions of canola products significantly decreased the cost of feed per bird (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and cost of feed per kg of BW (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) but increased the estimated age to reach 2.5 kg of body weight (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Subsequently, increasing nutrient densities in canola product-based diets increased the cost of feed per kg of birds (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, increasing nutrient density in canola-based diets did not restore growth performance in broiler chickens offered diets containing higher canola inclusion rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 3","pages":"Article 100566"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144472066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of application rate of three commercial litter amendment products on litter pH, ammonia volatilization, and broiler paw scores during the brooding period","authors":"M. Grimes ,&nbsp;E. Jiral ,&nbsp;A. LeBlanc ,&nbsp;J. Rocha ,&nbsp;G.S. Archer","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to evaluate the duration of effectiveness of 3 commercially available litter acidifying amendments during the brooding period when chicks were housed at either half- or whole-house stocking densities. The treatments included control pens with no litter amendment product applied, PLT® (Poultry Litter Treatment, Jones-Hamilton Co.) and Poultry Guard® (PG; C&amp;S Chemicals) at 0.49, 0.61, and 0.73 kg/m², and Al+Clear® A7 (A7; Chem Trade Logistics) at 0.81, 1.02, 1.22 L/m². In Experiment 1, broiler chicks were housed at 0.08 m²/bd (whole-house density) and at 0.04 m²/bd in Experiment 2 (half-house density). Both experiments utilized used litter from a commercial broiler farm placed into 5 pens per treatment in an experimental poultry facility. In Experiment 1, broiler chicks were reared in the pens for 15 d while chicks were reared to d 10 in Experiment 2. Data collected included litter parameters of moisture and pH, ammonia flux and bird performance. In both experiments, the application of PLT and PG resulted in lower litter pH than A7. All treatments also reduced litter ammonia flux compared to control (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in both experiments. In both experiments, PLT maintained a lower ammonia release compared to the other treatments through the end of each experiment. No differences (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) in litter moisture, BW or FCR were observed between treatments in either experiment. PLT and PG at the highest application rate did improve average paw quality scores at d 15 in Experiment 1. These data demonstrate that at both stocking densities the 3 litter amendment products evaluated were able to reduce litter pH and ammonia flux compared to control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 3","pages":"Article 100565"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144472063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using different statistical models to estimate the optimal methionine+cysteine to lysine ratio for male Cobb500 broilers: Growth performance, body composition, and meat yields","authors":"Gustavo A.C.C. de Aguiar ,&nbsp;Mariana A. do Nascimento ,&nbsp;Nathana R. Furlani ,&nbsp;Warley J. Alves ,&nbsp;Gabriel S. Viana ,&nbsp;Victor D. Naranjo ,&nbsp;Melissa I. Hannas","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Methionine (Met) is a vital sulfur amino acid essential for the survival, growth, and reproduction of poultry, - one which participates on multiple metabolic processes than exclusively protein synthesis. As feed ingredients naturally contains insufficient amounts of Met and cysteine (Cys), synthetic Met sources are commonly supplemented in feeds. The proper balance of Met and Cys is important not only for protein synthesis but also for improving feed efficiency and reducing environmental impacts, such as nitrogen emissions and water consumption. This study explored the effects of different digestible methionine + cysteine to lysine (Met+Cys:Lys) ratios on male Cobb500 broiler chicken performance across three growth phases: starter, grower, and finisher. The findings revealed that as birds matured, their Met+Cys:Lys ratios initially increased and then slightly decreased. Optimizing this ratio not only enhances growth and feed efficiency but also results in leaner carcasses with higher protein and mineral content. Additionally, these adjustments provide economic benefits by lowering feed costs and producing meat with less fat, resulting in a higher-quality product. This research emphasizes the importance of adjusting amino acid ratios based on growth phase to improve both broiler performance and meat yield.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 3","pages":"Article 100563"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of sodium bisulfate and in-feed antimicrobial products on Salmonella Enteritidis survival and nutrient digestibility in contaminated broiler breeder diets","authors":"M.K. Jones ,&nbsp;J.A. Baxter ,&nbsp;C.L. Hofacre ,&nbsp;R.D. Berghaus ,&nbsp;J.C. Suarez ,&nbsp;C.D. Coufal ,&nbsp;J.C. Jespersen ,&nbsp;A.J. Davis","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimicrobial products such as formaldehyde and formic acid can reduce pathogen levels in finished feed or the gastrointestinal tract. Some feed mill interventions decrease bacteria, but the degree of reduction, impact on digestibility, and interaction between other ingredients is unknown. We assessed two antimicrobial products with and without sodium bisulfate (SBS) as the primary sodium source in broiler breeder diets for efficacy against <em>Salmonella</em> Enteritidis (SE) load and impact on nutrient digestibility. Treatments included 1) a sodium bicarbonate (SBC) control diet, 2) SBC diet plus formaldehyde-based product (3 kg/MT), 3) SBC diet plus formic acid-based product (3 kg/MT), 4) SBS control diet (4 kg/MT), 5) SBS diet plus formaldehyde-based product (3 kg/MT), and 6) SBS diet plus formic acid-based product (3 kg/MT). Feed was contaminated with SE using meat and bone meal to achieve ∼10⁶ cfu/g, and SE was enumerated at 0, 1, 2, and 7 d post-contamination. Uncontaminated diet samples were fed to Leghorn roosters and excreta samples were collected for nutrient analysis. SBS diets with the formaldehyde-based product had lower SE counts on d 0 compared to SBS control. This pattern continued with reduction in SE in both formaldehyde groups relative to other treatments, and by d 7 the <em>Salmonella</em> outcomes were zero in formaldehyde-treatments. TMEn was not different between treatments. Arginine and proline had lower digestibility coefficients in SBS diets with formic acid relative to SBS control. The tryptophan digestibility coefficient was higher in the SBS control diet relative to the SBC control. Collectively, these results indicate the primary sodium source had no negative impact on efficacy of <em>Salmonella</em> reduction in feed, however, an interaction may exist between formic acid and amino acid digestibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 3","pages":"Article 100564"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144472065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applied research note: Heating system and feed additive effects on foot pad quality, broiler performance, and immune status","authors":"V.E. Ayres ,&nbsp;T.P. Boltz ,&nbsp;K.M. Bowen ,&nbsp;S. Grushecky ,&nbsp;J. Wang ,&nbsp;J.S. Moritz","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiant propane brooders are commonly used to heat poultry houses in the United States. However, brooders combust within the house, releasing moisture into the grow-out environment. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of two feed additives (antibiotic and muramidase) provided to broilers reared using two heating systems (external combustion wood boiler heat exchanger or radiant propane brooders), on broiler performance, foot pad quality, and immune status. Two identical experiments were completed, using two identical rooms heated with either radiant propane brooders or a wood boiler heat exchanger. 1,472 Ross-308-AP straight-run broiler chicks were utilized for each experiment, for 35d. Each room contained 32 floor pens. One of four dietary treatments (positive control (<strong>PC</strong>), negative control (<strong>NC</strong>) (15 % reduction in digestible amino acids), NC+antibiotic, NC+muramidase) were randomly assigned to each pen within a block. A block consisted of four adjacent floor pens; eight blocks were utilized per room per experiment. Use of a wood boiler heat exchanger reduced d21 litter moisture (<em>P</em> <em>=</em> 0.1013), d23 serum interleukin-6 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001), and d35 foot pad scores (<strong>FPS</strong>) (<em>P</em> <em>=</em> 0.0112), relative to radiant propane brooders. Diet influenced 0-35d live weight gain (<strong>LWG)</strong> and FCR. The PC had the highest LWG and lowest FCR, NC had the lowest LWG and highest FCR, with antibiotic and muramidase being intermediate (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Birds fed the PC had higher d35 litter moisture and FPS (<em>P</em> <em>&lt;</em> 0.05). Heating system type did not affect overall performance (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). The wood boiler heat exchanger and both tested feed additives had positive influences on broiler production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 3","pages":"Article 100557"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144471478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effect of daylength (24, 20, and 18 hours) during brooding on broiler performance and physiological responses to light environment","authors":"Garret G. Ashabranner,&nbsp;Michael Czarick III,&nbsp;Brian D. Fairchild","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brooding broiler chicks under continuous or near-continuous light is common in poultry research and commercial poultry production. Despite its prevalence, there is a notable lack of research to support its use. The current research investigated the impact of various daylengths (24, 20, and 18 hours) during brooding on broiler performance and physiological responses to the light environment. Broiler performance and physiological responses were assessed in four experiments comprised of ten trials. Control birds reared under continuous light during brooding initially exhibited higher body weight during the first week (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.05). Following the introduction of the dark period for the control groups on Day 7, the treatment birds subjected to dark periods during brooding overtook the control group in body weight. From Days 28-42, no differences in performance were observed between the control and treatment groups. No significant differences were found in feed conversion between treatment and control groups during any experiment. Corticosterone and superoxide dismutase were consistently unaffected by either lighting program. The introduction of a dark period during brooding led to higher baseline and nighttime elevation in melatonin levels in the treatment birds, persisting up to 35 days of age. Field trials conducted in commercial poultry houses further confirmed the research's findings, with no significant differences observed in performance or mortality when compared to control and treatment houses. This research illustrates that providing broiler chicks with a dark period from day of placement does not have detrimental effects on end-of-flock performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 3","pages":"Article 100558"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral inoculation of turkeys with in vitro cultured Histomonas meleagridis in cecal contents results in histomonosis","authors":"Catherine Fudge ,&nbsp;Olivia Wedegaertner ,&nbsp;Katherine Cupo ,&nbsp;Justin Lowery ,&nbsp;Lin Walker ,&nbsp;Frank Edens ,&nbsp;Chongxiao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined the effect of oral administration of <em>Histomonas meleagridis</em> on infection rate and disease progression of histomonosis in turkeys. Experiment 1, poults were placed in 3 experimental groups consisting of <em>H. meleagridis</em> culture in media administered via intracloacal inoculation (CIM), oral inoculation (OIM), or oral inoculation mixed with previously frozen cecal content (OICC). Poults were inoculated with 50,000 histomonads at 8 AM and 5 PM for five days starting from 14-day of age. Cloacal inoculation (CIM) produced 100 % infection rates, while oral infection with <em>H. meleagridis</em> in media (OIM) led to 8 % infection. However, oral inoculations using cecal content (OICC) produced 43 % infection rates (<em>P</em> = 0.0003). In experiment two, poults were placed in 2 experimental groups consisting oral inoculations with fresh cecal contents containing <em>H. meleagridis</em> (OI) and intracloacal inoculations with fresh cecal contents containing <em>H. meleagridis</em> (CI). Poults were inoculated with 50,000 histomonads at 8 AM and 5 PM for five days starting from 14-day of age. Oral inoculations (OI) produced 90 % infection rates, similar to the cloacal route (CI) at 93 % (<em>P</em> = 0.6433). In Experiment 3, individual isolates of <em>H. meleagridis</em> in cecal content were administered orally: Buford isolate (BUF), Arkansas isolate (ARK), or Zeeland, Michigan isolate (ZMI). Results showed BUF and ARK isolates produced higher infection rates than the ZMI isolate (<em>P</em> = 0.0136). In summary, oral infection in turkeys with <em>H. meleagridis</em> could be achieved using cecal content and infection rates and disease progression are impacted by isolate and inoculum condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 3","pages":"Article 100560"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}