Journal of Applied Poultry Research最新文献

{"title":"Effects of the utilization of a local cereals and forage -based diet on productive performance and egg quality in three free-range hen genotypes","authors":"Serezade Sigut ,&nbsp;Sergio Álvarez ,&nbsp;María Fresno ,&nbsp;Pilar Méndez ,&nbsp;Noemi Castro ,&nbsp;Alexandr Torres","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Meeting consumer demand for eggs is dependent to a major extent on the availability of regular supplies of appropriate, cost-effective and safe animal feeds. Greater utilization of local feedstuffs, such as cereals and forages, is being encouraged for small and medium-sized poultry farmers for increasing poultry production, and enhancing food security. This research paper addresses the effects of a diet based on local cereals and forage on productive performance and egg quality in three hen genotypes (Lohmann White, Canarian, and Franciscana) reared under free-range conditions during 16 weeks. The results showed that hens fed with the commercial formula exhibited better body weights, laying rates, feed conversion ratios, and laid heavier eggs than the hens fed with the experimental diet. On the other hand, yolk color of hens fed with local cereals and forage were paler and less red and yellow than those fed with a commercial layer feed. Nevertheless, chemical composition and fatty acids profile of egg yolks were not altered by the diet factor. Finally, untrained consumers pointed out that the control eggs had a better score in terms of external and internal assessments than experimental eggs, but did not find differences for aroma and taste. In conclusion, it seems clear the need to introduce changes in the formulation of the local diet that may improve the productive performance and the quality of the eggs. This improvement must be consolidated by incorporating external amino acids, pigments and enzymes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 2","pages":"Article 100524"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An AHP-multiple logistic regression model for risk assessment of highly pathogenic avian influenza","authors":"Guanzhao Wang ,&nbsp;Tian Yang ,&nbsp;Zelong Ouyang ,&nbsp;Jinqiong Li ,&nbsp;Zhihua Li ,&nbsp;Jing Cao ,&nbsp;Yajie Wang ,&nbsp;Yongning Wu ,&nbsp;Weixin Jia ,&nbsp;Zhifeng Qin ,&nbsp;Qinghua He","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantitative risk assessment of highly pathogenic avian influenza (<strong>HPAI</strong>) is crucial to timely formulate and adjust effective prevention and control strategies for epidemic prevention agencies. However, the risk assessment models based on risk level classification are very few. This study established a quantitative risk assessment model for early risk warning of HPAI. Through collecting data on reported cases of HPAI from July 2007 to July 2022, the outbreak characteristics of HPAI were analyzed in terms of the outbreak time, virus subtype, and outbreak location. The risk factor weights were determined by the analytic hierarchy process (<strong>AHP</strong>), and the risk levels of HPAI reports were quantified using a multi-indicator composite score. Results showed that the highest frequency of HPAI outbreaks were from November to April. H5N8 and H5N1 subtypes were the most susceptible accounting for 48.3 % and 30.9 % of outbreaks, respectively. H5N3, H5N9, H7N2, and H7N1 subtypes had the highest mortality of about 100 %. Chinese Taipei, France, Germany, Hungary, and Nigeria had the largest number of HPAI reports over the past decade, which had more than 500 reports. The risk assessment model based on AHP-multiple logistic regression was built with an accuracy rate of 93.3 %. The quantitative analysis showed that <em>R</em> ≥ 0, −0.4 ≤ <em>R</em> &lt; 0, −0.6 ≤ <em>R</em> &lt; −0.4, and <em>R</em> &lt; −0.6 could be used to classify as four risk levels of significant, high, medium, and low, respectively. The comparison showed that the Monte Carlo simulation risk assessment model based on @Risk software couldn't satisfy the requirements of HPAI data analysis due to the crossed risk ranking thresholds and inaccurate risk ranking. Therefore, the risk assessment model based on AHP-multiple logistic regression can be used to assess the risk of HPAI occurrence, which has advantages including the operable method, the accurate evaluation of the epidemic situation, and the risk factors significantly correlated to risk results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 2","pages":"Article 100523"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sample storage and fasting times affect blood serum and plasma components in fasted and non-fasted broiler chickens","authors":"Clauber Polese ,&nbsp;Lucas Wachholz ,&nbsp;Cinthia Eyng ,&nbsp;Leandro Dalcin Castilha ,&nbsp;Jansller Luiz Genova ,&nbsp;Rayanne Andrade Nunes ,&nbsp;Nilton Rohloff Jr. ,&nbsp;Paulo Cesar Pozza ,&nbsp;Lidiane Ines Datsch ,&nbsp;Arele Arlindo Calderano ,&nbsp;José Geraldo de Vargas Jr. ,&nbsp;Vaneila Daniele Lenhardt Savaris ,&nbsp;Ricardo Vianna Nunes","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We determined the impacts of blood fraction, fasting and samples storage times on the total protein, albumin, globulin, uric acid, creatinine concentrations, and alkaline phosphatase activity in 70 45-<span>d</span>-old male Cobb 500® broiler chickens. Blood was collected at 2-h intervals (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 h). Serum and plasma fractions were stored at -20°C and analyzed on 0, 30, and 60 days. Serum and plasma uric acid concentrations increased with increasing storage time, while a reduction in creatinine concentration and serum alkaline phosphatase activity was observed. Serum creatinine and alkaline phosphatase showed a quadratic effect, with a peak concentration of 0.208 mg dL^-1 at 4 h and 32 min of fasting, and the lowest concentration of 2933 U <span>l</span>^-1 at 8 h of fasting, respectively. Plasma total protein, albumin, and creatinine showed a quadratic effect, with a peak concentration of 35.46 g <span>l</span>^-1 at 7 h and 48 min, 15.36 g <span>l</span>^-1 at 10 h and 48 min, and 0.18 mg dL^-1 at 7 h and 46 min, respectively. Overall, serum and plasma can be used for the analysis of total protein, albumin and globulin, with a fasting time of 12 h and storage for up to 60 days at -20°C. Both serum and plasma fractions can be used for uric acid analysis, but immediate analysis after sample collection is recommended, and a 12-h fast can be used. It is recommended to use serum for creatinine and alkaline phosphatase analysis, with storage for up to 30 days at -20°C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 2","pages":"Article 100525"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143591609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An overview on the history and management of Mycotoxins","authors":"M.S. Lilburn","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The overall presence of mycotoxins and the incidence of individual toxins in regional grain sources has become a regular part of annual harvest reports and feed related quality control programs. Within the past decade, research has largely become the purview of commercial entities with the goal of developing analytical technologies for individual mycotoxins and their metabolites, prediction models for the occurrence of toxins and mycotoxin mitigation products. In practice, however, rapid tests on incoming ingredients sometimes in tandem with more definitive lab analysis and clinical symptoms of mycotoxicosis during posting sessions are still the predominant approaches to mycotoxin awareness. One goal of this symposium was to introduce the audience to a brief history of mycotoxicosis which is still a relatively new field of study (first documented case in the early 1960′s) and this is addressed in this initial overview. A second goal of the symposium was to have speakers discuss different research approaches to mycotoxin awareness/mitigation and how combinations of common toxins, below their individual “threshold” values, could negatively impact “gut health” in commercial broilers and turkeys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 2","pages":"Article 100522"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of conditioning temperature and retention time on Enterococcus faecium inactivation, vitamin stability, metabolizable energy, and amino acid digestibility","authors":"J.I. Vargas ,&nbsp;W.J. Pacheco ,&nbsp;L.M. Almeida ,&nbsp;C.W. Starkey ,&nbsp;E. Monu","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Salmonella</em> is a pathogen that can enter the poultry supply chain if feed is manufactured using contaminated ingredients. Hygienisers have emerged as a viable strategy for reducing pathogen levels by extending the retention time of feed during conditioning. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of conditioning temperature (75, 85, and 95°C) and retention time (15, 95, 175, and 255 s) on the inactivation of feed <em>Salmonella</em> surrogate <em>Enterococcus faecium</em> (<em>E. faecium</em>) and vitamin stability in Experiment 1, and true metabolizable energy corrected to nitrogen equilibrium (TME_n) and true amino acid digestibility (TAAD) in Experiment 2. In Experiment 2, fifty cecectomized roosters were fasted for 30 h before being precision-fed 35 g of a control mash diet without thermal processing, or feed conditioned at 75°C for 95 s, 85°C for 175 s, and 95°C for 255 s. <em>E. faecium</em> levels decreased at all conditioning temperatures and retention times, with the highest reductions at conditioning temperatures of 85 and 95°C with retention times of 15, 95, 175, and 255 s (&gt; 5-log CFU/g). The stability of fat-soluble vitamins decreased as retention time increased. In contrast, water-soluble vitamins were stable under varying conditioning temperatures and retention times. Diets conditioned at 75°C and retained for 95 s had 81 kcal/kg higher TME_n compared to the control mash diet. Conditioning temperature and retention time did not influence TAAD. Overall, the manipulation of conditioning temperature and retention time can be a viable strategy to mitigate microbial load in feed and increase TME_n, without negatively affecting AA digestibility and water-soluble vitamin stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 2","pages":"Article 100520"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory assays do not consistently indicate under processing of soybean meal that negatively impacts broiler performance","authors":"K.M. Bowen ,&nbsp;L.E. Knarr ,&nbsp;E.A. Lynch ,&nbsp;E.B. Estanich ,&nbsp;A.K. Renner ,&nbsp;H.B. Krishnan ,&nbsp;J.S. Moritz","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poultry are primarily fed corn- and soybean-based diets in the United States. Soybean meal (<strong>SBM</strong>) has a high crude protein content and an excellent amino acid profile; however, it contains several antinutritional factors that have been shown to hinder bird performance. Soybean crush plants utilize a toasting step to degrade these heat-labile antinutrients in meal, but many factors vary across crush plants that can make it difficult to determine processing adequacy. Furthermore, current analytics may not properly indicate optimal processing. Therefore, two experiments were conducted. The objectives of the first experiment were to characterize under-processed, peak-processed i.e. optimally processed, and over-processed solvent-extracted SBM from a commercial crush plant with trypsin inhibitor activity (<strong>TIA</strong>) using the new USDA-ARS method, TIA with the AOCS method, urease, solubility in potassium hydroxide (<strong>KOH</strong>) and protein dispersibility index (<strong>PDI</strong>) in addition to evaluating assay variation within and across commercial laboratories. The objective of the second experiment was to determine the effect of the three aforementioned SBM types on broiler performance when included in mash diets and fed for 21 days. Three diets were formulated to 85 % crude protein and digestible amino acid requirements, differing only in the processing type of SBM. A nutritionally adequate positive control (<strong>PC</strong>) diet was also formulated. Diets were fed in mash form. Analysis of the SBM samples indicated an increase in trypsin inhibitor (<strong>TI</strong>) from under to peak-processed, then a decrease from peak to over-processed. Urease, KOH, and PDI analysis revealed variation within and among laboratories, with the most consistent measure of processing adequacy being urease. Urease decreased with increasing processing according to 2 of the 3 laboratories. Live weight gain (<strong>LWG</strong>) increased by 52 g for birds fed the peak-processed diet relative to the under-processed diet (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Feed conversion ratio increased when birds were fed the under-processed diet relative to all other diets (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Broiler chick live performance demonstrated nutritional differences in soybean meal samples that were not consistently identified through various ingredient assays. Bird performance results aligned best with the urease assay.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 2","pages":"Article 100521"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of spirulina supplementation on growth, immunity, antioxidant status and pathomorphological perspectives in broilers exposed to dietary aflatoxin B1","authors":"Ayman S. Salah ,&nbsp;Antonia Lestingi ,&nbsp;Mahmoud S. El-Tarabany ,&nbsp;Marwa Mostafa ,&nbsp;Rania Samir Zaki ,&nbsp;Mahmoud M. Azzam ,&nbsp;Alessandro Di Cerbo ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Alagawany ,&nbsp;Ahmed Fotouh","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100519","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The principal goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of Spirulina (SP) supplementation on growth, immunity, antioxidant status, liver and kidney functions, carcass criteria and pathomorphological perspectives in broilers given Aflatoxin B1(AFB1) in their diet. Two hundred (200) unsexed, 1-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were divided into four treatment diet groups, each consisting of 50 birds. There were five replicates of each treatment (10 birds for each). Each group received specific dietary supplementation. Group 1 was fed a basal diet without additives. Group 2 was fed a diet with 2.5 mg/kg of AFB1. Group 3 was fed a diet with 1 g/kg of Spirulina. Group 4 was fed a diet with 2.5 mg/kg of AFB1 and 1 g/kg of Spirulina. The study lasted for six weeks (1–42 day). AFB1 toxicity significantly (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05) reduced final live body weight and weight gain whereas spirulina supplementation increased final body weight and weight gain. Moreover, spirulina supplementation significantly improved the feed conversion ratio (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05). AFB1 toxicity significantly (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05) decreased carcass weight and dressing percentage but spirulina supplementation significantly (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05) increased carcass weight, dressing percentage and giblet percentage relative to control. AFB1 toxicity significantly (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05) raised the blood concentrations of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05). Including SP in broiler diets contaminated with AFB1 decreased ALT, AST, and ALP concentrations relative to broilers intoxicated with AFB1 without SP (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05). The urea and creatinine concentrations were significantly elevated in broilers fed AFB1 diet with no SP (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05), but SP significantly lowered urea and creatinine concentrations (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05). AFB1 toxicity significantly (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05) increased the concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) however, the addition of SP resulted in a decrease in the concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and very low-density lipoprotein. AFB1 toxicity reduced the activity of SOD and GPx (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05). In contrast, SP elevated the SOD, GPx, catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in broilers. Conversely, SP reduced the levels of MDA in broilers given AFB1, even though the levels of MDA was higher in broilers given AFB1 (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05). AFB1 toxicity significantly (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05) decreased the phagocytic index whereas dietary SP improved phagocytic activity and phagocytic index. In conclusion, using SP in broiler diets is considered a novel strategy for lowering the toxic impacts of AFB1 and improving growth, immunity, antioxidant status, liver and kidney function, carcass criteria and pathomorphological perspec","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 2","pages":"Article 100519"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of different levels of tryptophan on laying performance, egg quality, blood and tibia parameters, and feather damage of laying hens in barn system","authors":"Jiseon Son ,&nbsp;Yeon-Seo Yun ,&nbsp;Hyun-soo Kim ,&nbsp;Eui-Chul Hong ,&nbsp;Hwan-Ku Kang ,&nbsp;Hee-Jin Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Animal welfare is a priority in the laying hen industry, with feather pecking being a major issue to address challenge. Feather pecking is a behavior derived from exploration and involves gently pecking the feathers of other hens. However, when pecking becomes severe, such as pecking or eating the feathers or tissues of others, it can lead to stress, decreased productivity, and even mortality. Studies have reported on a variety of methods to control these behaviors including nutrition, facilities, and management. L-tryptophan (TRP) is one of the essential amino acids and is a precursor to serotonin, a neurotransmitter known to control stress, aggression, and mood. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different supplementation levels of TRP on egg performance, stress parameters of blood, and welfare indices in laying hens. A total of 700 Hy-Line Brown layer, aged 70 weeks, were randomly assigned to four treatment groups. Each group fed a basal diet, based on maize and soybean meal, supplemented with 0.0 %, 0.25 %, 1.0 %, and 2.0 % TRP for 4 weeks. The addition of 0.25 and 1.0 % TRP were improved the hen-day egg production and egg mass compared to control group. Also, the level of corticosterone and serotonin in serum were positively affected by the 1.0 % TRP supplementation. Hens fed a diet with 1.0 % TRP resulted lower feather damage score than control. Furthermore, eggshell thickness improved with the addition of TRP to the diet. In conclusion, our findings suggest that supplementation with 1.0 % TRP may mitigate stress and improve egg production and welfare indices of laying hens in barn system</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 2","pages":"Article 100518"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The combination of hot water spray and subzero saline chilling improved chilling efficiency, meat quality, and sensory attributes","authors":"K. Kawamura ,&nbsp;D. Ma ,&nbsp;D.U. Ahn ,&nbsp;H.-S. Seo ,&nbsp;V. Hogan ,&nbsp;L.N. Stephens ,&nbsp;J. Moallem ,&nbsp;J.W. Jin ,&nbsp;I. Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accelerated poultry processing is always desirable when the product quality, visual appearance, and sensory attributes are the same or better than the conventional processing. This research evaluated the effects of subzero saline chilling (SSC) with or without hot water spray (HWS) on broiler carcasses to improve chilling efficiency, carcass quality, and sensory attributes. Eviscerated broiler carcasses were subjected to one of the six chilling methods with or without HWS for 1 min as follows: 1) Water immersion chilling at 0.5 °C (WIC), 2) WIC after HWS at 68 °C for 1 min (WIC-HWS 68), 3) WIC after HWS at 71 °C for 1 min (WIC-HWS 71), 4) Subzero saline chilling at 4% NaCl/-2.41 °C (SSC), 5) SSC after HWS at 68 °C for 1 min (SSC-HWS 68), 6) SSC after HWS at 71 °C for 1 min (WIC-HWS 71). The SSC showed shorter chilling time than other treatments. The fillets from the SSC and SSC-HWS were more tenderized than the WIC and WIC-HWS, regardless of the HWS exposure. HWS treatments showed higher lightness values (or partially cooked appearance) than WIC and SSC. Significantly lower redness (a*) values were observed in the SSC68 and SSC71 than in the remaining treatments, except the WIC68. In the consumer panel, the carcass fillets from SSC-HWS showed higher hedonic scores than WIC and WIC-HWS for flavor, juiciness, tenderness, saltness, and overall acceptance, with an intermediate score observed for SSC in tenderness and juiciness. In descriptive sensory analysis, the fillets from SSC, WIC and SSC-HWS were rated less intense for bloody and cardboardy attributes than WIC-HWS. Based on those results, the combination of SSC-HWS improved meat tenderness and sensory attributes over the control, while the SSC improved chilling efficiency among all treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 2","pages":"Article 100516"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of dietary energy intake to minimize egg production during market crises in White Leghorn laying hens","authors":"V. Rama Rao S․ ,&nbsp;Nagaraja Kumari K․ ,&nbsp;Shyam Sunder Paul ,&nbsp;Prakash Bhukya ,&nbsp;M.V.L.N. Raju ,&nbsp;Santosh Phani Kumar P․ ,&nbsp;Shiva Krishna T․","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two feeding trials were conducted to stall the egg production (EP) in laying hens during a lean phase of the market demand for eggs through dietary modulations. For this, 1,000 and 1,200 commercial White Leghorn laying hens (BV 300, Babcock) of 71 and 81 weeks of age (experiments 1 and 2, respectively) were divided into five groups, each with ten and twelve replicates (20 birds in each), respectively. The birds were housed in 4-bird colony cage (45.7 × 35.6 × 43.2 cm @ 542 cm²/bird) and five cages in a row were considered as a replicate and reared under uniform management conditions in an open-sided elevated platform poultry house and provided 16 h of light/day throughout the study period. A control diet (CD) with 2625 kcal/kg metabolizable ene<span><span>rgy</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> (ME) and 14.3 % crude protein (CP) and a test diet (TD) with 9.35 % CP and 2935 kcal/kg ME were prepared. The CD was fed <em>ad libitum</em> to the control group<em>,</em> and the other four groups were fed the TD employing quantitative restriction so as to provide 4 different intakes of ME (194, 204, 214, and 224 kcal/b/d) in Experiment 1 for a duration of 5 weeks from 71 to 76 weeks of age. Similarly, in Experiment 2, TD was fed in restricted quantities so as to restrict the ME intake to 158, 162, 175, and 184 kcal/b/d from 81 to 85 weeks of age, while the control group received <em>ad libitum</em> feed intake (FI). After the energy restriction phase, all the groups were offered CD <em>ad libitum</em> (77-80 and 86-91 weeks of age, respectively, in experiments 1 and 2). A significant decrease in EP (33.15 % and 5.05 % in exp-1 and 2, respectively), FI, body weight and egg weight were noticed during the energy restriction phase in the lowest energy-fed group (194 and 158 kcal/b/d, respectively, in the Experiments 1 and 2). The EP reached nearly zero percent with minimal body weight loss (52.64 g in 5 weeks) in Experiment 2. A significant increase in EP was noticed in energy-restricted groups on resumption of <em>ad libitum</em> feeding of CD. The FE was improved during the <em>ad libitum</em> recovery phase in energy-restricted groups. There was no significant variation in egg quality traits after returning to the CD. Some anti-oxidant variables (lipid peroxidation and activity of superoxide dismutase) exhibited a positive response to energy restriction and subsequent <em>ad libitum</em> feeding of the CD. Based on the results, it can be concluded that in WL laying hens (81-91 weeks of age), the energy restriction to 158 kcal/b/d for five weeks can be adopted as a less stressful method for cessation of EP to nearly zero percent, and resumption of <em>ad libitum</em> feeding of the CD will increase EP and reduce serum oxidative parameters within four weeks as compared to the pre-restriction phase without affecting egg quality and humoral immunity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 2","pages":"Article 100517"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}