Journal of Attention Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Risk Factors for Adverse Cardiac Events in Individuals Prescribed Stimulants Across the Lifespan.","authors":"Destin Groff, Wen-Jan Tuan, Kraig Holt, James R Latronica, Curtis Bone","doi":"10.1177/10870547251313880","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251313880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Prescription stimulants are an effective FDA approved treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) however their safety has come under scrutiny. Multiple studies demonstrate safe use in pediatric populations, but prescriptions are increasing to adults and it is not evident which comorbidities might place people at risk of adverse outcomes. The aim of this study is to identify risk factors of adverse cardiovascular events for individuals exposed to stimulants across the lifespan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a case control study utilizing the TriNetX research network database. Individuals were included for study if they were younger than 90 years old and prescribed stimulants between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2020. We utilized summary statistics, chi2, and multivariate logistic regression to identify risk factors for cardiovascular events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 987,762 individuals prescribed stimulants, 49,902 experienced an adverse cardiovascular event. Individuals with atherosclerotic heart disease had the highest odds of adverse events (aOR = 36.7, <i>p</i> < .001). Hypertension (aOR = 2.78 <i>p</i> < .001), cocaine use (aOR = 1.64 <i>p</i> < .001), and anxiety (aOR = 1.46 <i>p</i> < .001) were also strongly predictive of adverse outcomes, but risk varied by age.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Atherosclerotic heart disease and its antecedents pose the greatest risk for cardiovascular events for people prescribed stimulants. Mental health diagnoses are also independent predictors and age may be an effect modifier of these relationships. ADHD was not an independent risk factor for major adverse cardiovascular events when controlling for other biopsychosocial variables in adult populations. Additional research focused on predictive models and prospective studies may be warranted to better inform clinical decisions regarding stimulant prescriptions for the broad demographic of patients that may benefit from these medications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"628-634"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Sex and Gender Factors in Stimulant Treatment for ADHD: Knowledge Gaps and Future Directions.","authors":"Iris L Rapoport, Annabeth P Groenman","doi":"10.1177/10870547251315601","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251315601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Stimulant medications are the primary pharmacological intervention for ADHD, yet our understanding of how sex and gender impact stimulant treatment outcomes remains limited. Clinical guidelines do not differ for female and male individuals despite possible sex and gender-related differences in effectiveness, adverse events, and pharmacokinetics. This theoretical framework identifies five key knowledge gaps relating to sex and gender effects in stimulant treatment.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We investigate the stimulant treatment trajectories of girls and women with ADHD from diagnosis and prescription to daily use and outcomes. We examine the impact of reproductive life transitions and hormonal fluctuations and their interactions with gender socialization and gendered expectations on treatment effectiveness, stigma, and adherence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By synthesizing existing literature, proposing testable predictions, and suggesting future research directions, we highlight the urgent need for studies that systematically investigate these factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Addressing these gaps could significantly improve treatment outcomes for girls and women with ADHD, particularly during biological and gender role transitions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"602-616"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Content Analysis of the Portrayal of Prescription Stimulants on TikTok.","authors":"Benjamin Johnson, Tianze Sun, Leo Wu, Stella Seal, Daniel Stjepanovic, Gary Chan, Janni Leung","doi":"10.1177/10870547251318834","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251318834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>TikTok has become a significant influence on public health perceptions, especially regarding ADHD. With its expansive reach among younger demographics, TikTok content has the potential to shape public understanding and behaviors related to ADHD treatment. This study analyzed how prescription stimulants are depicted on TikTok to assess the potential influence of these portrayals on ADHD stimulant medication demand.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed a snowball sampling strategy to collect 1,000 TikTok videos related to prescription stimulants. A systematic content analysis was conducted on a refined dataset of 548 videos, identifying primary categories related to prescription stimulant portrayals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The videos, which predominantly featured young adults, mainly white and female, amassed an average of over 300,000 views per video. Our analysis uncovered four primary categories: Positive Effects, Negative Effects, Context of Use, and Systemic Challenges. Videos frequently depicted substantial improvements in daily functionality and emotional well-being attributed to prescription stimulants, with side effects presented as manageable. The context of use highlighted the broad applications of these medications in daily life, while systemic challenges focused on issues such as healthcare barriers, medication shortages, and stigma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TikTok users' portrayal of prescription stimulants were predominantly positive, emphasizing improved lifestyles, which may influence medication demand similar to direct-to-consumer advertising, particularly among young women. The depiction of systemic barriers underscores the complexity of accessing treatment, which may disproportionately affect individuals with ADHD and impact treatment adherence, warranting further research into audience reception of this content.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"617-627"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Strengths and Weaknesses of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Symptoms and Normal Behaviors Scale (SWAN): Diagnostic Accuracy and Clinical Utility.","authors":"Ruqayah Alhajji, Elaine Walsh, Kenneth Charles Pike, Freda F Liu, Monica Oxford, Mark A Stein","doi":"10.1177/10870547251340028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547251340028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD-Symptoms and Normal Behavior scale (SWAN) clinical utility as a diagnostic measure of ADHD in an ADHD clinic sample.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In a sample of 357 children (6-11 years old) referred for evaluation at an academic medical center, we explored the SWAN's diagnostic and convergent validity with the Hyperactivity-Inattention subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ/HI) and concurrent validity with the Impairment Rating Scale (IRS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The averaged (SWAN total) and the SWAN Hyperactivity/Impulsivity subscale (SWAN HI) showed significant and large correlations with the SDQ/HI (<i>r</i> = .69 and .65), respectively. The SWAN Attention Deficit subscale (SWAN AD) had a significant but smaller correlation (<i>r</i> = .49). The SWAN total had moderate correlation with the IRS average score ( = .33). In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.71) for the SWAN total, the SWAN distinguished ADHD cases from non-ADHD cases with sensitivity of 83% but specificity of 47%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In a clinical sample, the SWAN total scores displayed a near-normal distribution. ADHD cases were distinguished from non-ADHD cases by the SWAN. The SWAN showed adequate convergent and concurrent validity with other symptoms and impairment measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"10870547251340028"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated With Medication Adherence Among Patients With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).","authors":"Linh Nguyen, Yen-Chi L Le, Hannah Reygaerts, Todd R Johnson, Cesar A Soutullo","doi":"10.1177/10870547251336852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547251336852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common behavioral health condition that impacts 5% to 8% of children and 2.5% of adults worldwide. The symptoms of ADHD are effectively managed with medication, yet patients with ADHD may inconsistently take their medication. We assessed medication adherence among patients with ADHD and identified factors associated with medication adherence that may be utilized to optimize adherence.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This is a retrospective, observational study among patients aged 4 years and older with a diagnosis of ADHD at primary care and multispecialty outpatient clinics during May 2021 to May 2023. We assessed sociodemographic characteristics, stratified by medication adherence status (Percentage of Days Covered ≥ 80%) using simple proportion, Student's <i>t</i>-test, and Chi-square test. We conducted univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses to assess potential medication adherence factors, including sociodemographic characteristics, depressive symptoms, suicide risk, health service utilization, and social determinants of health (SDOH).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found 7,661 patients diagnosed with ADHD, with a mean (<i>SD</i>) age of 21.8 (14.8) years. The ADHD prevalence was 5.5% for patients aged 4 to 12, 4.4% for 13 to 17, and 0.8% for 18+ years old. Most patients were male (56.9%), non-Hispanic White (37.6%), and privately insured (55.1%). Among these patients, only 4,242 (55.4%) were treated with medication. Among 4,011 patients with medication adherence information, the average adherence rate was 56%, and only 1,113 patients (27.5%) met our threshold for adherence to ADHD treatment (80%). Adherence was positively associated with being adults, having more BH and PCP visits, and negatively associated with racial and ethnic minorities and more severe depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Only half of patients with ADHD were treated with medication. Of those treated, less than a third adhered to medication. Age, race and ethnicity, depressive symptoms, and BH and PCP visits were statistically associated with medication adherence. Healthcare providers may need to address factors such as coexisting depressive symptoms, and unmet SDOH needs to improve medication adherence among patients with ADHD. Also, patients reaching adolescence may need enhanced medication management.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"10870547251336852"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Motivation on Sustained Attention in Very Preterm and Term-born Children: An ERP Study.","authors":"Jenny Retzler, Madeleine J Groom, Samantha Johnson, Lucy Cragg","doi":"10.1177/10870547251313888","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251313888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the effect of motivational features on sustained attention in children born very preterm and at term.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>EEG was recorded while 34 8-to-11-year-old children born very preterm and 34 term-born peers completed two variants of a cued continuous performance task (CPT-AX); a standard CPT-AX with basic shape stimuli, and structurally similar <i>motivating</i> variant, with a storyline, familiar characters, and feedback.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher hit rates, quicker response times and larger event-related potential (ERP) amplitudes were observed during the motivating, compared with the standard, task. Although groups did not differ in task performance, between-task differences in ERPs associated with orienting were larger in term-born than very preterm children.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings add to previous evidence of disruption to the brain networks that support salience detection and selective attention in children born preterm. Manipulations that increase intrinsic motivation can promote sustained attention in both term-born and very preterm children.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"569-588"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Child and Parent Characteristics and Parenting Stress in Japanese Mothers of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).","authors":"Ricky Haneda, Shizuka Shimabukuro, David Daley, Gail Tripp","doi":"10.1177/10870547251315226","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251315226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience elevated levels of stress in their parenting role. Understanding what contributes to such stress is important for its management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed associations between child and parent characteristics and parenting stress in Japanese mothers of 6-12-year-old children with ADHD recruited through the community (<i>n</i> = 51) and hospital child psychiatry/pediatric clinics (<i>n</i> = 124). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses assessed the extent to which child symptom severity (ADHD and ODD), parenting efficacy, depression, and maternal ADHD symptoms explained variance in both child-domain and parent-domain parenting stress.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Child symptom severity and maternal depression accounted for significant variance in child-domain parenting stress. Child ODD, parenting efficacy, depression, and maternal ADHD (clinic sample) explained significant variance in parent-domain parenting stress. Exploratory cross-sectional mediational analyses highlight the inter-relatedness of the associations between parenting-efficacy, maternal depression and parent-domain parenting stress. The association between maternal ADHD and parent-domain parenting stress is statistically fully mediated by maternal depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The pattern of associations between child and parent characteristics and parenting stress in Japanese mothers of children with ADHD are consistent with Abidin's model of parenting stress with implications for clinical management.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"554-568"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avoidant Automatic Thoughts Are Associated With Task Avoidance and Inattention in the Moment: Replication in a Community Sample.","authors":"Laura E Knouse, Yueyi Fan, Aditya Narayanan, William D Ellison","doi":"10.1177/10870547251314924","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251314924","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Avoidant automatic thoughts (AAT) are thoughts that precede or accompany a delay in the starting or ending of a task. In a prior study of college students using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), AATs were frequent daily occurrences and participants with more severe ADHD symptoms at baseline reported more frequent AAT. Importantly, momentary presence of AAT was associated with greater task avoidance and inattentive symptoms. In the current study, we replicated and extended this study in a community sample of adults.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We measured AAT in the daily lives of 106 adults using EMA. Data were collected at baseline and up to five times per day for 6 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using multilevel modeling, we found that baseline ADHD symptoms predicted more frequent AAT and more severe task avoidance and negative emotion in daily life. Recent presence of AAT was associated with inattention, task avoidance, and slightly elevated negative emotion in the moment. More severe baseline ADHD strengthened the relationship between AAT and both inattention and task avoidance. In exploratory analyses, we found that work tasks and household chores were the most avoided activities and that, instead, people were most likely to be doing other work tasks or engaging in screen time or self-care, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study replicates and extends our prior findings regarding AAT in daily life and their relationship to ADHD and supports continued research on this construct, which may have clinical utility for intervening in problematic avoidance behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"529-540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome in Children and Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome, Depression, and Anxiety Levels in Their Parents.","authors":"Zuhal Koc Apaydin, Meryem Kasak, Ozlem Karakaya, Hakan Ogutlu, Mustafa Ugurlu, Fiona McNicholas","doi":"10.1177/10870547251323029","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251323029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) symptoms in children/adolescents and their parents within the Turkish population, examining the association with co-occurring ADHD symptoms, peer/social relationships, and total difficulties.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study included 229 parents aged 18 to 50 with children aged 6 to 18 from the staff of Karabuk Training and Research Hospital. Data collection occurred from April to September 2022. Participants completed various scales, including the Adult Concentration Inventory (ACI), Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised Short Form (CPRS-R), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale (CABI-SCT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A positive correlation was found between CDS symptoms in children/adolescents and their parents. CDS symptoms in children were also associated with significant comorbidities, such as ADHD, oppositional defiance, peer problems, and internalization problems. In parents, CDS was observed to be associated with levels of depression, anxiety, and stress.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights the strong relationship between CDS symptoms in children and their parents, suggesting potential genetic and environmental factors. CDS is associated with significant mental health comorbidities across all age groups. The findings underscore the need for interventions to support the mental health of both children and parents with CDS. Further research is needed to elucidate the impact and etiology of CDS on family dynamics and mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"503-514"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where Is My Mind? The Daydreaming Characteristics Questionnaire, a New Tool to Differentiate Absorptive Daydreaming From Mind-Wandering.","authors":"Nitzan Theodor-Katz, Nirit Soffer-Dudek","doi":"10.1177/10870547251319081","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10870547251319081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Maladaptive daydreaming (MD) is an impairing condition characterized by addiction to narrative, emotional fantasizing, involving dissociative absorption. By compulsively withdrawing toward vivid imaginative scenarios, MD hinders attentional functioning and replaces social interactions. Previous Interview-based research showed clinical importance in differentiating MD from ADHD and the associated construct of mind-wandering. We aimed to create a self-report tool asking directly about the content and structure of distracting thoughts.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Two samples, namely, 346 undergraduate students and 381 adults from the general community, completed a novel measure, the Daydreaming Characteristics Questionnaire (DCQ), along with validated measures for ADHD, mind-wandering, MD, dissociation, and general distress.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exploratory Factor Analyses on the DCQ, replicated across both samples, yielded two distinct factors (immersive daydreaming and daydream functionality) uniquely associated with MD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The DCQ represents characteristics of immersive daydreaming much more than general attentional deficiency and is thus useful in differentiating MD from ADHD/mind-wandering distractions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15237,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Attention Disorders","volume":" ","pages":"515-528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}