Journal of aquatic animal health最新文献

{"title":"Use of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging to assess a case of spinal injury in a Showa koi Cyprinus carpio","authors":"Fred J. Torpy,&nbsp;Jessica R. Comolli,&nbsp;Karine P. Gendron,&nbsp;Abigail R. Armwood,&nbsp;Alvin C. Camus,&nbsp;Spencer P. Kehoe,&nbsp;Stephen J. Divers","doi":"10.1002/aah.10171","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aah.10171","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A privately owned, 4-year-old female Showa koi (ornamental variant of Common Carp <i>Cyprinus carpio</i>) was presented for erratic swimming, air gasping, water spitting, and abnormal orientation in the water column. Initial physical examination revealed an obese patient with no external abnormalities except a small plaque localized to filaments on a right gill hemibranch.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The fish was anesthetized using AQUI-S 20E (10% eugenol solution) at 50 mg/L to facilitate diagnostic evaluation. Biopsy of the gill lesion yielded no significant findings. Whole-body computed tomography confirmed an excess of adipose tissue and mild scoliosis, with narrowing of the 10th–11th intervertebral space. A weight loss plan and need for repeat assessment were recommended.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The patient's original abnormal behaviors resolved over the following weeks, but it subsequently became hyporexic and depressed. Full-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed extensive alteration of vertebral centra, with multifocal compression of the spinal cord. Due to the patient's declining clinical condition and the grave prognosis based on MRI findings, the patient was humanely euthanized.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Postmortem examination showed severe transmural myelomalacia associated with a vertebral subluxation. This case demonstrates the practical application of advanced cross-sectional imaging that has not been commonly afforded to fish or other lower vertebrates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15235,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aquatic animal health","volume":"35 1","pages":"11-19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aah.10171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9237183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Francisella orientalis ΔpdpA as a Live Attenuated Vaccine against Piscine Francisellosis in Nile Tilapia","authors":"Fernanda de Alexandre Sebastião,&nbsp;John D. Hansen,&nbsp;Esteban Soto","doi":"10.1002/aah.10166","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aah.10166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Francisella orientalis</i> is an important bacterial pathogen of marine and freshwater fish with worldwide distribution. Fish francisellosis is a severe subacute to chronic granulomatous disease, with high mortalities and high infectivity rates in cultured and wild fish. To date, there is no approved vaccine for this disease. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of a defined <i>F. orientalis</i> pathogenicity determinant protein A (<i>pdpA</i>) mutant (Δ<i>pdpA</i>) as a live attenuated immersion vaccine against subsequent immersion challenge with the wild-type organism. Immunized Nile tilapia <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> were protected (45% relative percent survival) from the lethal challenges and presented significantly lower mortality than nonvaccinated and challenged treatments. Although serum IgM was significantly higher in immunized fish, similar bacterial loads were detected in vaccinated and nonvaccinated survivors. In conclusion, although the <i>F. orientalis</i> Δ<i>pdpA</i> is attenuated and effectively stimulated an adaptive immune response, the low relative percent survival and high bacterial persistence in survivors of immunized and challenged treatments indicates low suitability of Δ<i>pdpA</i> as a mucosal vaccine for tilapia under conditions used in this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":15235,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aquatic animal health","volume":"34 3","pages":"134-139"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40631728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic differences between Edwardsiella piscicida and Edwardsiella anguillarum isolates in Japan","authors":"Hidehiro Sugiura,&nbsp;Kosuke Fukunishi,&nbsp;Hidemasa Kawakami,&nbsp;Masayuki Imajoh","doi":"10.1002/aah.10169","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aah.10169","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":15235,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aquatic animal health","volume":"34 4","pages":"197-207"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10490221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathological and Ultrastructural Characterization of an Edwardsiella ictaluri Triple hemR Mutant","authors":"Iman Ibrahim,&nbsp;Hossam Abdelhamed,&nbsp;Wes Baumgartner,&nbsp;Robert W. Wills,&nbsp;Walaa Awadin,&nbsp;Mahmoud Elbegawy,&nbsp;Mark L. Lawrence,&nbsp;Attila Karsi","doi":"10.1002/aah.10154","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aah.10154","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Enteric septicemia of catfish, which is caused by <i>Edwardsiella ictaluri</i>, is detrimental to farmed Channel Catfish <i>Ictalurus punctatus</i>. The hemin receptor HemR is involved in binding and uptake of heme into bacteria. Here, we explored pathological and ultrastructural changes in catfish fry that were immunized with a triple <i>hemR</i> mutant of <i>E. ictaluri</i> and challenged with wild-type <i>E. ictaluri</i> (<i>Ei</i>WT) 28 d after immunization. Following immunization, pathological changes in the triple <i>hemR</i>-immunized fry were less severe compared to the <i>Ei</i>WT-exposed control fry. Widely disseminated bacteria and severe necrosis in most organs, especially the kidney and spleen, were detected in both groups at days 4, 5, and 6. Multifocal granulomatous encephalitis with bacteria was seen in <i>hemR</i>-immunized fry at days 21 and 28 and in <i>Ei</i>WT-exposed control fry at day 14. Phagocytic cells in the kidney and spleen of <i>Ei</i>WT-exposed control fry contained more replicating bacteria compared to <i>hemR</i>-immunized fry. During the <i>Ei</i>WT challenge of immunized fry, a robust immune response was observed in the triple <i>hemR</i>-immunized fry compared to the sham-vaccinated group. Many activated phagocytic cells were detected in the kidney and spleen with fragmented or no bacteria in the triple <i>hemR</i>-immunized fry. Our data suggested that virulence of triple <i>hemR</i> was lower and the onset of the lesions was delayed compared to <i>Ei</i>WT. Additionally, triple <i>hemR</i>-immunized fry could mount an immune response and had milder lesions compared to the sham control after <i>Ei</i>WT exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":15235,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aquatic animal health","volume":"34 3","pages":"116-133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43002289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Stocking Density on Stress, Hematological Responses, and Growth of Black Rockfish Sebastes schlegelii","authors":"Jang-Won Lee,&nbsp;Byung Hwa Min,&nbsp;Bokyung Lee,&nbsp;Kiyoung Kim,&nbsp;Minjung Yoon","doi":"10.1002/aah.10151","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aah.10151","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of stocking density on juvenile Black Rockfish <i>Sebastes schlegelii</i> (average weight = 12 g) in terms of stress, hematological responses, and growth performance during a 4-month growth trial in a flow-through system. The initial stocking densities were 1.3 kg/m³ (low), 1.8 kg/m³ (medium), and 2.3 kg/m³ (high), and the final densities were 4.9 kg/m³ (low), 5.6 kg/m³ (medium), and 6.3 kg/m³ (high). At the end of the trial, the high stocking density significantly affected growth characteristics, levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1, and hematological indices (hematocrit, red blood cell count, and hemoglobin level) compared to the medium and low stocking densities. The plasma cortisol and immunoglobulin-M levels were significantly higher at the high density than at the other two densities. Taken together, while the low and medium stocking densities (final densities of up to 5.6 kg/m³) did not affect stress and hematological indices or growth, the high stocking density (final density of 6.3 kg/m³) significantly impacted those variables, which suggests an allostatic load at that density. Thus, the use of a final stocking density less than 6.3 kg/m³ should be considered to avoid compromising the stress and health condition and growth of Black Rockfish at this size and temperature range.</p>","PeriodicalId":15235,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aquatic animal health","volume":"34 2","pages":"82-91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44216437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolations of the Spring Viremia of Carp Virus in the Upper Mississippi River (USA), Including a New Host, the Quillback","authors":"Ryan Katona,&nbsp;Isaac Standish,&nbsp;Rebekah McCann,&nbsp;Sara Dziki,&nbsp;Jennifer Bailey,&nbsp;Corey Puzach,&nbsp;Janet Warg,&nbsp;Eric Leis,&nbsp;Kenneth Phillips","doi":"10.1002/aah.10153","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aah.10153","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In July of 2018 and 2019, wild fish health surveys were conducted along the Wisconsin and Minnesota portions of the upper Mississippi River. Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) was isolated from Common Carp <i>Cyprinus carpio</i> as well as a newly identified host species, the Quillback <i>Carpiodes cyprinus</i>. Sanger sequencing of the gene encoding for the G protein revealed a high similarity of the Quillback isolate to various SVCV isolates identified from Common Carp that were collected during earlier wild fish health surveys and mortality events in the USA. Despite annual monitoring, this virus has been infrequently identified. The speculative role of native fish and invertebrates in allowing the virus to persist for long periods without detection is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15235,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aquatic animal health","volume":"34 2","pages":"92-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49406820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baseline Health and Nutritional Parameters of Wild Sand Tigers Sampled in Delaware Bay","authors":"Lisa A. Hoopes,&nbsp;Tonya Clauss,&nbsp;Bradley M. Wetherbee,&nbsp;Dewayne A. Fox","doi":"10.1002/aah.10156","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aah.10156","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Species-specific hematological reference values are essential for diagnosis and treatment of disease and maintaining overall health of animals. This information is lacking for many species of elasmobranchs maintained in zoos and aquaria, thus reducing the effectiveness of care for these animals. Descriptive statistics and reference intervals were calculated for hematocrit and complete blood cell counts, biochemistry and protein electrophoresis parameters, trace minerals, vitamins, heavy metals, reproductive hormones, and fatty acids in the blood of 153 wild Sand Tigers <i>Carcharias taurus</i> of both sexes and a range of sizes caught in Delaware Bay (Delaware, USA). Mean hematocrit, total white blood cell counts, lymphocyte differentials, glucose, phosphorus, amylase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly higher in juveniles than in adults. Levels of estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and differences in selenium and eicosapentaenoic acid (a polyunsaturated fatty acid) between males and females suggest that they are important parameters for improving Sand Tiger breeding success in managed care. Finally, blood metal levels for arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury suggest low levels of contaminant exposure for Sand Tigers during their summer residence in Delaware Bay. The results of this study provide baseline health parameters for wild Sand Tigers that will aid in effective maintenance of aquarium animals and contribute to a greater understanding of the biology of these sharks and efforts to accomplish sustainable management of their populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15235,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aquatic animal health","volume":"34 3","pages":"101-115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9796768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10489176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Perspective: Molecular Detections of New Agents in Finfish—Interpreting Biological Significance for Fish Health Management","authors":"Theodore R. Meyers,&nbsp;Nora Hickey","doi":"10.1002/aah.10155","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aah.10155","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The increased sensitivity of advanced molecular techniques greatly exceeds the sensitivities of traditional detection methods for infectious agents. This sensitivity causes difficulty in interpreting the biological significance of such detections in fish (and shellfish), especially when the agent(s) cannot be cultured in the laboratory. In the Pacific Northwest, including Canada and Alaska, molecular detections of “new” (unknown or known but discovered in a different geographic location or fish host) potentially infectious agents in fish have received extensive media attention and misinterpretation that call for resource agencies to change current fish health surveillance practices or policies to include these agents. Fish health specialists from several of these agencies and organizations (see Acknowledgments) advise that any policy changes should be made only after further investigations to avoid wasting resources to conduct surveillance for organisms that are not significant to fish health or for noninfectious genetic material that does not represent a viable agent. Molecular detection is not proof of agent viability within or on host tissues and requires further investigation regarding the agent's ability to replicate and evidence that the agent causes substantial risk of disease to exposed fish populations. This document provides examples of molecularly detected agents causing public concern that were accompanied by little or no data to provide context and assessment of biological significance, highlights important questions to be answered regarding these detections, and provides a suggested pathway of investigative criteria to determine viability and pathogenicity of such agents that are necessary for consideration of any changes to aquatic animal health practices and policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15235,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aquatic animal health","volume":"34 2","pages":"47-57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45210064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotic Treatment Enhances Pre-feeding Larval Development and Early Survival in Zebrafish Danio rerio","authors":"Uthpala Padeniya,&nbsp;Earl T. Larson,&nbsp;Shafira Septriani,&nbsp;Arjay Pataueg,&nbsp;Akpoh Rhoda Kafui,&nbsp;Ekramul Hasan,&nbsp;Obodoefuna Somadina Mmaduakonam,&nbsp;Gun-Do Kim,&nbsp;Anley Teferra Kiddane,&nbsp;Christopher L Brown","doi":"10.1002/aah.10148","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aah.10148","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The growth and development of healthy culture subjects are essential in increasing productivity in the aquaculture industry. A primary determinant of aquatic animal productivity is the ambient microbial population. If an aquatic animal's microbiome is diverse, with bacteria favoring beneficial over pathogenic species, the health and growth of the animal (i.e., fish or crustacean) can be substantially improved. Embryonic and newly hatched Zebrafish <i>Danio rerio</i> larvae were reared in the presence of (1) water from the broodstock culture tank as a control, (2) a probiotic solution containing 19 strains of live lactic acid bacteria (LAB), or (3) an antibiotic (AB) solution with amoxycillin. Developmental parameters were monitored until 10 d postfertilization. Bacteria present in the water and larvae were cultured and identified by sequencing the V4 hypervariable region of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA. Probiotic-treated larvae showed significant increases in every measured morphological parameter and in survival compared to the controls and AB-treated larvae, including TL, eye development, and swim bladder development before first feeding. Staining with DASPEI (2-(4-[dimethylamino]styryl)-N-ethylpyridinium iodide) produced fluorescence, revealing increased mitochondrial activity in the gastrointestinal tracts of probiotic-treated larvae and reflecting advancement of initial metabolic function. Probiotic-treated larvae showed accelerated yolk absorption, resulting in increased nutrient mobilization and growth. Microbial analyses revealed a greater concentration of bacteria in larvae in response to the probiotic treatment compared to the other two treatments. Species identified in all three treatments included <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. and <i>Aeromonas</i> spp. (Proteobacteria). The second most diverse and abundant microbiome was seen in controls, whereas AB-treated larvae had the least diverse microbiome. All treatments revealed the presence of proteobacteria, but an AB-resistant pathogenic bacterium (<i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i>) was identified in the AB group. These results reveal that the presence of LAB and other bacteria favorably influenced early larval growth, development, digestive function, and survival in Zebrafish even before the onset of feeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":15235,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aquatic animal health","volume":"34 1","pages":"3-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40313304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of the Gallnut Water Extract against Vibrio parahaemolyticus","authors":"Chunying Yuan,&nbsp;Wenhao Zhan,&nbsp;Qingman Cui","doi":"10.1002/aah.10152","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aah.10152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> is an important pathogen causing pandemic diseases in marine animals and brings about severe economic losses in aquaculture worldwide. The emergence of multi-drug-resistant <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> and the prohibition of antibiotics both require the development of new therapeutic agents with alternative action. In this study, the effect of gallnut <i>Galla chinensis</i> water extract (GWE) on <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> growth and virulence was investigated to determine the potential for its use in disease prevention and treatment in aquaculture. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of GWE against <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> were identified as 0.49 and 0.98 mg/mL, respectively. Membrane damage in <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> was further verified through the increase of conductivity and leakage of nucleic acids and proteins. Moreover, GWE caused membrane invaginations and damage in <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> as observed via scanning electron microscopy. After treatment with GWE, the biofilm formation and the activities of respiratory chain dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase of <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> were all significantly inhibited. These findings suggest that GWE has the potential to be developed as a supplemental agent to mitigate the infections caused by <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> in aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":15235,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aquatic animal health","volume":"34 4","pages":"159-166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10541135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}