Journal of aquatic animal health最新文献

{"title":"Pathological and Ultrastructural Characterization of an Edwardsiella ictaluri Triple hemR Mutant","authors":"Iman Ibrahim,&nbsp;Hossam Abdelhamed,&nbsp;Wes Baumgartner,&nbsp;Robert W. Wills,&nbsp;Walaa Awadin,&nbsp;Mahmoud Elbegawy,&nbsp;Mark L. Lawrence,&nbsp;Attila Karsi","doi":"10.1002/aah.10154","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aah.10154","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Enteric septicemia of catfish, which is caused by <i>Edwardsiella ictaluri</i>, is detrimental to farmed Channel Catfish <i>Ictalurus punctatus</i>. The hemin receptor HemR is involved in binding and uptake of heme into bacteria. Here, we explored pathological and ultrastructural changes in catfish fry that were immunized with a triple <i>hemR</i> mutant of <i>E. ictaluri</i> and challenged with wild-type <i>E. ictaluri</i> (<i>Ei</i>WT) 28 d after immunization. Following immunization, pathological changes in the triple <i>hemR</i>-immunized fry were less severe compared to the <i>Ei</i>WT-exposed control fry. Widely disseminated bacteria and severe necrosis in most organs, especially the kidney and spleen, were detected in both groups at days 4, 5, and 6. Multifocal granulomatous encephalitis with bacteria was seen in <i>hemR</i>-immunized fry at days 21 and 28 and in <i>Ei</i>WT-exposed control fry at day 14. Phagocytic cells in the kidney and spleen of <i>Ei</i>WT-exposed control fry contained more replicating bacteria compared to <i>hemR</i>-immunized fry. During the <i>Ei</i>WT challenge of immunized fry, a robust immune response was observed in the triple <i>hemR</i>-immunized fry compared to the sham-vaccinated group. Many activated phagocytic cells were detected in the kidney and spleen with fragmented or no bacteria in the triple <i>hemR</i>-immunized fry. Our data suggested that virulence of triple <i>hemR</i> was lower and the onset of the lesions was delayed compared to <i>Ei</i>WT. Additionally, triple <i>hemR</i>-immunized fry could mount an immune response and had milder lesions compared to the sham control after <i>Ei</i>WT exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":15235,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aquatic animal health","volume":"34 3","pages":"116-133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43002289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Stocking Density on Stress, Hematological Responses, and Growth of Black Rockfish Sebastes schlegelii","authors":"Jang-Won Lee,&nbsp;Byung Hwa Min,&nbsp;Bokyung Lee,&nbsp;Kiyoung Kim,&nbsp;Minjung Yoon","doi":"10.1002/aah.10151","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aah.10151","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of stocking density on juvenile Black Rockfish <i>Sebastes schlegelii</i> (average weight = 12 g) in terms of stress, hematological responses, and growth performance during a 4-month growth trial in a flow-through system. The initial stocking densities were 1.3 kg/m³ (low), 1.8 kg/m³ (medium), and 2.3 kg/m³ (high), and the final densities were 4.9 kg/m³ (low), 5.6 kg/m³ (medium), and 6.3 kg/m³ (high). At the end of the trial, the high stocking density significantly affected growth characteristics, levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1, and hematological indices (hematocrit, red blood cell count, and hemoglobin level) compared to the medium and low stocking densities. The plasma cortisol and immunoglobulin-M levels were significantly higher at the high density than at the other two densities. Taken together, while the low and medium stocking densities (final densities of up to 5.6 kg/m³) did not affect stress and hematological indices or growth, the high stocking density (final density of 6.3 kg/m³) significantly impacted those variables, which suggests an allostatic load at that density. Thus, the use of a final stocking density less than 6.3 kg/m³ should be considered to avoid compromising the stress and health condition and growth of Black Rockfish at this size and temperature range.</p>","PeriodicalId":15235,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aquatic animal health","volume":"34 2","pages":"82-91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44216437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolations of the Spring Viremia of Carp Virus in the Upper Mississippi River (USA), Including a New Host, the Quillback","authors":"Ryan Katona,&nbsp;Isaac Standish,&nbsp;Rebekah McCann,&nbsp;Sara Dziki,&nbsp;Jennifer Bailey,&nbsp;Corey Puzach,&nbsp;Janet Warg,&nbsp;Eric Leis,&nbsp;Kenneth Phillips","doi":"10.1002/aah.10153","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aah.10153","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In July of 2018 and 2019, wild fish health surveys were conducted along the Wisconsin and Minnesota portions of the upper Mississippi River. Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) was isolated from Common Carp <i>Cyprinus carpio</i> as well as a newly identified host species, the Quillback <i>Carpiodes cyprinus</i>. Sanger sequencing of the gene encoding for the G protein revealed a high similarity of the Quillback isolate to various SVCV isolates identified from Common Carp that were collected during earlier wild fish health surveys and mortality events in the USA. Despite annual monitoring, this virus has been infrequently identified. The speculative role of native fish and invertebrates in allowing the virus to persist for long periods without detection is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15235,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aquatic animal health","volume":"34 2","pages":"92-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49406820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baseline Health and Nutritional Parameters of Wild Sand Tigers Sampled in Delaware Bay","authors":"Lisa A. Hoopes,&nbsp;Tonya Clauss,&nbsp;Bradley M. Wetherbee,&nbsp;Dewayne A. Fox","doi":"10.1002/aah.10156","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aah.10156","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Species-specific hematological reference values are essential for diagnosis and treatment of disease and maintaining overall health of animals. This information is lacking for many species of elasmobranchs maintained in zoos and aquaria, thus reducing the effectiveness of care for these animals. Descriptive statistics and reference intervals were calculated for hematocrit and complete blood cell counts, biochemistry and protein electrophoresis parameters, trace minerals, vitamins, heavy metals, reproductive hormones, and fatty acids in the blood of 153 wild Sand Tigers <i>Carcharias taurus</i> of both sexes and a range of sizes caught in Delaware Bay (Delaware, USA). Mean hematocrit, total white blood cell counts, lymphocyte differentials, glucose, phosphorus, amylase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly higher in juveniles than in adults. Levels of estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and differences in selenium and eicosapentaenoic acid (a polyunsaturated fatty acid) between males and females suggest that they are important parameters for improving Sand Tiger breeding success in managed care. Finally, blood metal levels for arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury suggest low levels of contaminant exposure for Sand Tigers during their summer residence in Delaware Bay. The results of this study provide baseline health parameters for wild Sand Tigers that will aid in effective maintenance of aquarium animals and contribute to a greater understanding of the biology of these sharks and efforts to accomplish sustainable management of their populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15235,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aquatic animal health","volume":"34 3","pages":"101-115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9796768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10489176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Perspective: Molecular Detections of New Agents in Finfish—Interpreting Biological Significance for Fish Health Management","authors":"Theodore R. Meyers,&nbsp;Nora Hickey","doi":"10.1002/aah.10155","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aah.10155","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The increased sensitivity of advanced molecular techniques greatly exceeds the sensitivities of traditional detection methods for infectious agents. This sensitivity causes difficulty in interpreting the biological significance of such detections in fish (and shellfish), especially when the agent(s) cannot be cultured in the laboratory. In the Pacific Northwest, including Canada and Alaska, molecular detections of “new” (unknown or known but discovered in a different geographic location or fish host) potentially infectious agents in fish have received extensive media attention and misinterpretation that call for resource agencies to change current fish health surveillance practices or policies to include these agents. Fish health specialists from several of these agencies and organizations (see Acknowledgments) advise that any policy changes should be made only after further investigations to avoid wasting resources to conduct surveillance for organisms that are not significant to fish health or for noninfectious genetic material that does not represent a viable agent. Molecular detection is not proof of agent viability within or on host tissues and requires further investigation regarding the agent's ability to replicate and evidence that the agent causes substantial risk of disease to exposed fish populations. This document provides examples of molecularly detected agents causing public concern that were accompanied by little or no data to provide context and assessment of biological significance, highlights important questions to be answered regarding these detections, and provides a suggested pathway of investigative criteria to determine viability and pathogenicity of such agents that are necessary for consideration of any changes to aquatic animal health practices and policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15235,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aquatic animal health","volume":"34 2","pages":"47-57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45210064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotic Treatment Enhances Pre-feeding Larval Development and Early Survival in Zebrafish Danio rerio","authors":"Uthpala Padeniya,&nbsp;Earl T. Larson,&nbsp;Shafira Septriani,&nbsp;Arjay Pataueg,&nbsp;Akpoh Rhoda Kafui,&nbsp;Ekramul Hasan,&nbsp;Obodoefuna Somadina Mmaduakonam,&nbsp;Gun-Do Kim,&nbsp;Anley Teferra Kiddane,&nbsp;Christopher L Brown","doi":"10.1002/aah.10148","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aah.10148","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The growth and development of healthy culture subjects are essential in increasing productivity in the aquaculture industry. A primary determinant of aquatic animal productivity is the ambient microbial population. If an aquatic animal's microbiome is diverse, with bacteria favoring beneficial over pathogenic species, the health and growth of the animal (i.e., fish or crustacean) can be substantially improved. Embryonic and newly hatched Zebrafish <i>Danio rerio</i> larvae were reared in the presence of (1) water from the broodstock culture tank as a control, (2) a probiotic solution containing 19 strains of live lactic acid bacteria (LAB), or (3) an antibiotic (AB) solution with amoxycillin. Developmental parameters were monitored until 10 d postfertilization. Bacteria present in the water and larvae were cultured and identified by sequencing the V4 hypervariable region of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA. Probiotic-treated larvae showed significant increases in every measured morphological parameter and in survival compared to the controls and AB-treated larvae, including TL, eye development, and swim bladder development before first feeding. Staining with DASPEI (2-(4-[dimethylamino]styryl)-N-ethylpyridinium iodide) produced fluorescence, revealing increased mitochondrial activity in the gastrointestinal tracts of probiotic-treated larvae and reflecting advancement of initial metabolic function. Probiotic-treated larvae showed accelerated yolk absorption, resulting in increased nutrient mobilization and growth. Microbial analyses revealed a greater concentration of bacteria in larvae in response to the probiotic treatment compared to the other two treatments. Species identified in all three treatments included <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. and <i>Aeromonas</i> spp. (Proteobacteria). The second most diverse and abundant microbiome was seen in controls, whereas AB-treated larvae had the least diverse microbiome. All treatments revealed the presence of proteobacteria, but an AB-resistant pathogenic bacterium (<i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i>) was identified in the AB group. These results reveal that the presence of LAB and other bacteria favorably influenced early larval growth, development, digestive function, and survival in Zebrafish even before the onset of feeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":15235,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aquatic animal health","volume":"34 1","pages":"3-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40313304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of the Gallnut Water Extract against Vibrio parahaemolyticus","authors":"Chunying Yuan,&nbsp;Wenhao Zhan,&nbsp;Qingman Cui","doi":"10.1002/aah.10152","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aah.10152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> is an important pathogen causing pandemic diseases in marine animals and brings about severe economic losses in aquaculture worldwide. The emergence of multi-drug-resistant <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> and the prohibition of antibiotics both require the development of new therapeutic agents with alternative action. In this study, the effect of gallnut <i>Galla chinensis</i> water extract (GWE) on <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> growth and virulence was investigated to determine the potential for its use in disease prevention and treatment in aquaculture. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of GWE against <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> were identified as 0.49 and 0.98 mg/mL, respectively. Membrane damage in <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> was further verified through the increase of conductivity and leakage of nucleic acids and proteins. Moreover, GWE caused membrane invaginations and damage in <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> as observed via scanning electron microscopy. After treatment with GWE, the biofilm formation and the activities of respiratory chain dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase of <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> were all significantly inhibited. These findings suggest that GWE has the potential to be developed as a supplemental agent to mitigate the infections caused by <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> in aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":15235,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aquatic animal health","volume":"34 4","pages":"159-166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10541135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recommendations and Action Plans to Improve Ex Situ Nutrition and Health of Marine Teleosts","authors":"Scott Williams,&nbsp;Michael Stoskopf,&nbsp;Ruth Francis-Floyd,&nbsp;Liz Koutsos,&nbsp;Ellen Dierenfeld,&nbsp;Todd Harmon,&nbsp;Eileen Cicotello,&nbsp;Donovan German,&nbsp;Kent Semmen,&nbsp;Jeffery Keaffaber,&nbsp;Francisco Olea-Popelka,&nbsp;Shannon Livingston,&nbsp;Kathleen Sullivan,&nbsp;Eduardo Valdes","doi":"10.1002/aah.10150","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aah.10150","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The International Workshop for Ex-Situ Marine Teleost Nutrition and Health, hosted by Disney's Animals, Science and Environment in conjunction with the Comparative Nutrition Society, brought together over 50 animal experts and scientists representing 20 institutions to review current science and identify challenges of marine teleost nutrition and health. Invited speakers presented critical information and current research topics for areas of emphasis and expertise. Subject matter experts identified knowledge gaps and primary areas of focus to guide the scientific community's research efforts to improve the care of ex situ marine teleosts. The clinical medicine working group highlighted standardized approaches to ante- and postmortem sample collection, diet biosecurity and supplementation, advanced diagnostic methods, and expanded training in fish nutrition. Nutrition identified the creation of a husbandry and feeding management manual, comprehensive feeding program review and design, and specialty feeder/life stage nutrition as areas of focus, while animal husbandry focused on body condition scoring, feed delivery techniques, and behavioral husbandry topics. The physiology and chemistry and water quality working groups discussed components of the aquatic environment and their effects on fish health, including organic matter constituents, microbial diversity, disinfection, and managing microbiota. Finally, we reviewed how epidemiological approaches and considerations can improve our evaluation of aquarium teleost nutrition and health. The goals outlined by each working group and supporting literature discussion are detailed in this communication and represent our goals for the next 3 to 5 years, with the ultimate objective of the workshop being the production of a husbandry manual for marine teleost nutrition and health. Any scientists who feel that their experience, research, or interests align with these goals are invited to participate by contacting the authors.</p>","PeriodicalId":15235,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aquatic animal health","volume":"34 2","pages":"69-81"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/15/17/AAH-34-69.PMC9321147.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39950218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Nitrite Exposure Induces Dysfunction and Oxidative Damage in Grass Carp Isolated Hemocytes","authors":"Ting-ting Zhang,&nbsp;Pin Ma,&nbsp;Xiao-yan Yin,&nbsp;Dong-ye Yang,&nbsp;Da-peng Li,&nbsp;Rong Tang","doi":"10.1002/aah.10149","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aah.10149","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To evaluate the effects of nitrite on the oxidative damage of blood cells of Grass Carp <i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>, the isolated hemocytes were exposed to nitrite (0, 1, 10, or 100 mg/L) for up to 24 h. Hemoglobin (Hb) and methemoglobin (MetHb) concentrations, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm), and antioxidant enzyme activity were assayed to assess hematological parameters and the antioxidant defense mechanism. Results showed a remarkable decrease in Hb concentration with increasing nitrite concentration after a 24-h exposure, while the MetHb concentration increased significantly in nitrite exposure groups. The levels of ROS, ∆Ψm, and MDA increased to varying degrees with increases in nitrite exposure concentration and time. The total antioxidant capacity, catalase (CAT) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and glutathione content showed a trend of rising initially and then decreasing with prolonged exposure time. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was higher in the 1-mg/L nitrite exposure group and lower in the 100-mg/L group than in the control. The relative messenger RNA expression ratios of <i>cat</i>, <i>sod1</i>, and <i>gpx</i> were up-regulated significantly in the 1- and 10-mg/L groups and then declined in the 100-mg/L group. Therefore, it can be concluded that nitrite exposure activates the antioxidant defense mechanism of Grass Carp hemocytes and that the balance of oxidant–antioxidant homeostasis will be undermined by higher nitrite doses or longer exposure periods.</p>","PeriodicalId":15235,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aquatic animal health","volume":"34 2","pages":"58-68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39950223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucose and Lactate Reference Intervals for White Sturgeon and Evaluation of Two Point-of-Care Devices in Sturgeon Infected with Veronaea botryosa","authors":"Katharina B. Hagen,&nbsp;Kelly Marie Lima,&nbsp;June Ang,&nbsp;Federico Montealegre-Golcher,&nbsp;Flavio H. Alonso,&nbsp;Esteban Soto","doi":"10.1002/aah.10146","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aah.10146","url":null,"abstract":"<p>White Sturgeon <i>Acipenser transmontanus</i> are cultured for human consumption as well as for conservation purposes. In this study, two commercially available portable devices for measuring glucose and lactate were compared to a benchtop analyzer and blood reference intervals were generated using heparin plasma collected from 43 healthy White Sturgeon yearlings. The generated normal ranges were used to compare plasma values collected from <i>Veronaea botryosa</i>-infected White Sturgeon at 10, 20, and 30 d postchallenge (dpc). In the 43 healthy yearlings, significantly different glucose and lactate values were obtained when comparing the portable devices to the benchtop analyzer. In the portable devices, blood glucose showed a consistent bias of 12.3 mg/dL and blood lactate showed a proportional bias. The detected blood glucose values in infected sturgeon were significantly different from those in noninfected controls when using the benchtop analyzer at 20 and 30 dpc and when using the portable device at 20 dpc. However, blood glucose in infected individuals and controls was within the reference interval on either device. No significant difference was noted for lactate measurements in infected sturgeon. The results of this study indicate that portable devices for blood glucose and blood lactate evaluation in White Sturgeon may be useful in a setting where relative values are an acceptable approximation of absolute values.</p>","PeriodicalId":15235,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aquatic animal health","volume":"34 1","pages":"28-37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39686099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}