Journal of aquatic animal health最新文献

{"title":"Identical sequence types of Yersinia ruckeri associated with lethal disease in wild-caught invasive Blue Catfish and cultured hybrid catfish (Channel Catfish ♀ × Blue Catfish ♂) from disparate aquatic ecosystems.","authors":"Christine L Densmore, Madeleine Hendrix, Stephen R Reichley, Clayton D Raines, Noah R Bressman, Zachary S Crum, Lester H Khoo, Geoffrey C Waldbieser, Matt J Griffin, Timothy J Welch, Luke R Iwanowicz","doi":"10.1093/jahafs/vsae004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jahafs/vsae004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The Blue Catfish Ictalurus furcatus is commonly raised in warmwater aquaculture in the United States to produce Channel Catfish I. punctatus × Blue Catfish hybrids. It is also a prominent aquatic invasive species of concern in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Here, Yersina ruckeri was isolated from moribund Blue Catfish and hybrid catfish from disparate regions of the USA. The goal of the research here was to compare these Y. ruckeri strains to each other and other known strains for which adequate sequence data was available. In addition, we sought to determine if the strain from Blue Catfish was pathogenic to Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Moribund hybrid catfish from culture ponds in Mississippi were processed for diagnostic evaluation in March 2016. In April 2022, a moribund Blue Catfish specimen was collected from a tributary of the Nanticoke River in Maryland. Bacterial isolates were identified and characterized using biochemical tests, antimicrobial sensitivity screening, serotyping, and complete or partial genome sequencing. Disease pathology was described via histology. The isolate from Blue Catfish was used in challenge experiments to determine if it was pathogenic to Rainbow Trout. Multilocus sequencing typing was conducted using the PubMLST database.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Biochemical testing was consistent with Y. ruckeri. A draft genome of the Y. ruckeri isolate was assembled based on Oxford Nanopore Technology sequencing and identified a single genomic replicon (3,791,418 bp) consistent in size to other Y. ruckeri genomes and a pLT plasmid (60, 933 bp). The challenge study demonstrated no significant virulence of this isolate for Rainbow Trout (Y. ruckeri). This isolate was most similar to other strains isolated from ictalurids. Notably, the gyrase B gene from this isolate was identical to that of archived strains isolated from moribund Mississippi hybrid catfish aquaculture during 2016 and these isolates share identical PubMLST sequence type profiles. Similarly, they shared a pLT plasmid that differed by only 6 bp. This plasmid has never been reported from trout isolates and appears to be unique to ictalurids.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Analyses here provide preliminary genetic evidence that geographically distant (Maryland and Mississippi, USA) isolates of Y. ruckeri from ictalurids are genetically similar to each other and Y. ruckeri (strain SC09) that infects ictalurids in China. This strain is not a biothreat to Rainbow Trout at typical culture temperatures.</p>","PeriodicalId":15235,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aquatic animal health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and characterization of Vibrio anguillarum (GA strain) isolated from Obscure Pufferfish Takifugu obscurus.","authors":"Wei Gao, Wenji Huang, Ling Shao","doi":"10.1093/jahafs/vsae005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jahafs/vsae005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Aquaculture has faced significant challenges due to the emergence of various pathogens affecting fish species. One such species, the Obscure Pufferfish Takifugu obscurus, has experienced high mortality rates due to an outbreak of disease on a fishery farm in Shanghai.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The pathogen responsible for this outbreak was isolated and identified as Vibrio anguillarum (GA strain) using a combination of morphological, biochemical, and whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism-based phylogenetic analyses. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that the GA strain could cause disease in healthy Obscure Pufferfish, inducing overt hemorrhagic symptoms. Histopathological analysis was performed to assess whether tissue damage had occurred. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the GA strain possessed 235 virulence genes and two drug resistance-related genes: cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) and regulator of secondary metabolites A (rsmA). Testing via PCR further confirmed the presence of 10 common virulence genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that the GA strain was highly sensitive to antibiotics such as tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, and compound sulfamethoxazole and was resistant to cefradine, cefazolin, penicillin, and vancomycin.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report V. anguillarum as the pathogen responsible for this disease in Obscure Pufferfish. The isolate exhibited strong virulence and multidrug resistance. The findings lay the foundation for further disease control in Obscure Pufferfish and the investigation of the epidemiological mechanisms of V. anguillarum.</p>","PeriodicalId":15235,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aquatic animal health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyrimidine analog effect on health and nutritional value of freshwater Stinging Catfish Heteropneustes fossilis.","authors":"Bulbul Ali, Pooja Pandey, Jyoti Pandey, Abha Mishra","doi":"10.1093/jahafs/vsae003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jahafs/vsae003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Pyrimidine has a broad range of biological actions and may be an eco-friendly substitute for health management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To explore bioefficiency in fish, different concentrations (10 fg/mL to 1 mg/mL) of a pyrimidine analog (4,6-dimethyl-2-hydroxypyrimidine hydrochloride) were prepared from stock solution in water with Stinging Catfish Heteropneustes fossilis for 24 h to determine the effective concentration based on hematological parameters. The effective concentration of pyrimidine (10 pg/mL) was further examined for a study of duration effects (1, 5, and 21 d), followed by a 1-week recovery period (in only water).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pyrimidine analog improved health-supportive hematological parameters and moderated antioxidative stress. Pyrimidine treatment significantly increased red blood cell count and hemoglobin in Stinging Catfish. It also significantly decreased the white blood cell count, myeloperoxidase activity, and nitroblue tetrazolium in a time-dependent manner, thus helping to manage stress. Nutrient levels (protein, carbohydrate, and lipid) also were improved in pyrimidine-treated fish compared to control fish without treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results supported the stimulatory effect of pyrimidine on fish immunity, nutrient level, and health parameters. During the recovery period, the levels of the analyzed parameters remained close to those measured at 21 d of treatment compared to the control fish. A reduction in health-supportive parameters 1 week after pyrimidine treatment supported the metabolized nature of the pyrimidine analog compared to other contemporary bioaccumulative drugs. There was no side effect of the effective concentration of the pyrimidine analog, and it did not cause any change in body weight and growth after treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":15235,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aquatic animal health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finding the pulse of healthy native freshwater mussels (order Unionida): Insights from propagation biologists.","authors":"Madison E Mueller, Catherine E LePrevost, W Gregory Cope","doi":"10.1093/jahafs/vsae001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jahafs/vsae001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study engaged representative native freshwater mussel propagation biologists in focus group discussions to learn their views and priorities related to the development and adoption of freshwater mussel health metrics. It provides a case study on how early consultation with practitioners can better inform research questions and improve imperiled species conservation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two focus group discussions were conducted with freshwater mussel propagation biologists from across the United States to understand the needs of conducting mussel health assessments, current approaches, technical capacity, and where advances may be most beneficial.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Propagation biologists identified how they currently measure freshwater mussel health, listed the largest threats to health, explained similarities among approaches, and made recommendations for future research.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Propagation biologists called for quantitative metrics that complement current procedures that could be measured nonlethally and were reflective of health and resilience rather than presence or absence of disease. Further conservation research could benefit from early engagement with propagation biologists to better ensure adoption of research products and tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":15235,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aquatic animal health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fingerling stocking size has no influence on proliferative gill disease severity in farm-raised Channel Catfish.","authors":"Bradley M Richardson, Noor Ul-Huda, Cynthia Ware, Alvin C Camus, Caitlin E Older, Fernando Y Yamamoto, Penelope M Goodman, J Grant Reifers, Charles M Walker, Justin M Stilwell, David P Marancik, David J Wise, Matt J Griffin","doi":"10.1093/jahafs/vsae002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jahafs/vsae002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The myxozoan Henneguya ictaluri is the causative agent of proliferative gill disease (PGD) in Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus and hybrid catfish (Channel Catfish × Blue Catfish I. furcatus), which is a significant disease concern within the commercial catfish industry of the southeastern United States. Incidence of PGD occurs most frequently in fingerling-sized catfish when the fish are being transferred from nursery ponds to grow-out ponds. Mitigation strategies for PGD primarily involve the avoidance of stocking fish into ponds with existent lethal concentrations of the parasite, as determined through sentinel fish exposures or H. ictaluri-specific quantitative PCR. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of stocking larger fingerlings to improve survival and investigate the influence on three metrics of gill condition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two sizes of Channel Catfish fingerlings (∼12 and ∼20 cm) were stocked into nylon-mesh net-pens located in 19 commercial ponds with varying levels of H. ictaluri activity. After 1 week, fish were removed from the ponds and mortality was recorded. All survivors were euthanized for gross, histological, and molecular assessment. Gill biopsies from surviving fish were evaluated to estimate gill damage based on the presence of chondrolytic lesions in gill clip wet mounts. The number of characteristic PGD lesions and the number of presporogonic stages present were assessed histologically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Generalized linear regression showed no interaction between parasite burden in the pond water or gill tissues and fingerling size. In all regressions, only parasite concentrations in pond water or gill tissues were significant predictors of any gill condition metrics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests that stocking of larger fingerlings provides no appreciable protection from PGD mortality or sublethal gill damage. Though smaller fingerlings regularly showed slightly better average gill condition compared to larger fingerlings, this occurred primarily in ponds with the highest parasite concentrations, which were likely influenced by survival bias.</p>","PeriodicalId":15235,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aquatic animal health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting the abundance of Lepeophtheirus salmonis in the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick","authors":"Marianne I. Parent,&nbsp;Henrik Stryhn,&nbsp;K. Larry Hammell,&nbsp;Mark D. Fast,&nbsp;Raphaël Vanderstichel","doi":"10.1002/aah.10235","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aah.10235","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The primary objective was to construct a time series model for the abundance of the adult female (AF) sea lice <i>Lepeophtheirus salmonis</i> in Atlantic Salmon <i>Salmo salar</i> farms in the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick, Canada, for the period 2016–2021 and to illustrate its short-term predictive capabilities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sea lice are routinely counted for monitoring purposes, and these data are recorded in the Fish-iTrends database. A multivariable autoregressive linear mixed-effects model (second-order autoregressive structure) was generated with the outcome of the abundance of AF sea lice and included treatments, infestation pressures (a measure that represents the dose of exposure of sea louse parasitic stages to potential fish hosts) within sites (internal) and among sites (external), and other predictors. The treatments were categorized by duration and type.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The effect of mechanical treatments decreased with increasing sea surface temperature. In-sample predictions had good accuracy. A one-standard-deviation increase in the external infestation pressures (EIP_AF) produced a significant relative increase in the abundance of AF sea lice by 5% when other model predictors were kept constant. Sites separated by short seaway distances had stronger EIP_AF than sites with more considerable distances.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This model may be helpful for managers and farmers in implementing sea lice mitigation strategies on salmon farms in the Bay of Fundy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15235,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aquatic animal health","volume":"36 4","pages":"355-373"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11685058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sublethal exposure of eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica to the goniodomin-producing dinoflagellate Alexandrium monilatum: Fate of toxins, histopathology, and gene expression","authors":"Sylvain Gaillard,&nbsp;Hamish J. Small,&nbsp;Ryan B. Carnegie,&nbsp;Thomas M. Harris,&nbsp;Simon Tanniou,&nbsp;Damien Réveillon,&nbsp;Philipp Hess,&nbsp;Kimberly S. Reece","doi":"10.1002/aah.10227","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aah.10227","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The dinoflagellate <i>Alexandrium monilatum</i> forms blooms during summer in tributaries of the lower Chesapeake Bay. Questions persist about the potential for <i>A. monilatum</i> to negatively affect aquatic organisms. Its main toxin, goniodomin A (GDA), a polyketide macrolide, has been shown to have adverse effects on animals, for example through cytotoxicity and interaction with actin.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eastern oysters <i>Crassostrea virginica</i> were exposed for 96 h to sublethal concentrations of <i>A. monilatum</i> (615 ± 47 cells/mL [average ± SD]; containing mainly intracellular GDA [215 ± 7.15 pg/cell] and to a lesser extent goniodomin B, goniodomin C, and GDA seco-acid as quantified by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry) or to nontoxic phytoplankton or were unexposed. They were subsequently depurated for 96 h by exposure to nontoxic phytoplankton. Clearance rates were estimated, and oysters were sampled daily and tissue (gill, digestive gland, and remaining tissues) excised for analyses by histopathology, gene expression quantified by quantitative PCR, and goniodomin quantification.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A positive clearance rate, no mortality, and no tissue pathologies were observed in oysters exposed to <i>A. monilatum</i>. Goniodomin A was detected in gill 6 h after exposure (504 ± 329 μg/kg [average ± SE]) and to a lesser extent in the digestive gland and remaining soft tissues. In the digestive gland, a trend of transformation of GDA to GDA seco-acid was observed. The majority of toxins (≥83%) were depurated after 96 h. Expression of genes involved in oxidative response increased 14-fold after 6 h, and those involved in actin synthesis showed a 27-fold change after 24 h, while expression of apoptosis genes increased 6.9-fold after 96 h compared with the control (eastern oysters exposed to nontoxic phytoplankton).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Exposure experiments (nonsublethal or chronic) should be carried out to better assess the threat of this species and toxins for eastern oysters and other marine organisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15235,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aquatic animal health","volume":"36 4","pages":"374-394"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11685061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of computed tomography to determine body surface area and K-constant in Atlantic Stingrays for chemotherapeutic dosing","authors":"Laura Martinelli,&nbsp;Nathan Nelson,&nbsp;Elizabeth Duke,&nbsp;Emily F. Christiansen,&nbsp;Lori S. Westmoreland,&nbsp;Craig A. Harms,&nbsp;Tara M. Harrison","doi":"10.1002/aah.10236","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aah.10236","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of this study was to use body surface area (BSA) obtained via computed tomography (CT) to calculate a species-specific shape constant (<i>K</i>) and provide a formula for BSA based on body weight (BW) in Atlantic Stingrays <i>Hypanus sabina</i>. Ultimately, this information can be used to more accurately calculate chemotherapeutic doses and other metabolic-related measures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Six deceased Atlantic Stingrays of unknown age and with a range of sizes were collected during a natural mortality event and underwent CT scans. Following the scans, three-dimensional surface models were created from the imaging data to measure BSAs and derive a BSA formula based on BW. Nonlinear regression analysis of BSA versus thawed BW was performed, and a species-specific formula was derived.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Body surface area (mean ± standard deviation) was 2015.01 ± 1115.02 cm² (median = 1841.40 cm²; range = 844.2–4043.12 cm²). The calculated <i>K</i>-constant was 14.9 for the six Atlantic Stingrays, and the CT-derived BSA formula was as follows: BSA (cm²) = 14.9 × (BW, g)^2/3.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results provide a method for calculating BSA in Atlantic Stingrays. The CT-derived BSA formula can be used for allometric dosing of chemotherapeutic agents and other drugs in a clinical setting; in a broader sense, the formula can be applied to studies of nutrition, metabolic rate, and physiology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15235,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aquatic animal health","volume":"36 4","pages":"342-347"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11685053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142794807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Francisella orientalis DNA detected in feral tilapia populations in Hawai'i","authors":"RuthEllen Klinger-Bowen,&nbsp;Lei S. Yamasaki,&nbsp;Thomas Iwai Jr.,&nbsp;Daquille Peppers,&nbsp;Caroline Fowler,&nbsp;Jordan Yacoub,&nbsp;David Weese,&nbsp;Jenee Odani,&nbsp;Michael Wong","doi":"10.1002/aah.10233","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aah.10233","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 \u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":15235,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aquatic animal health","volume":"36 4","pages":"321-329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142785581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chytridiomycosis in a colony of hellbenders Cryptobranchus alleganiensis","authors":"L. Novotny,&nbsp;C. M. Powers,&nbsp;S. M. Royal,&nbsp;A. K. Preston,&nbsp;G. K. Hendrix,&nbsp;M. F. Sola","doi":"10.1002/aah.10231","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aah.10231","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The hellbender <i>Cryptobranchus alleganiensis</i> is a fully aquatic, long-lived, and state endangered salamander endemic to the eastern and central United States. Chytridiomycosis is a fungal skin disease of salamanders that can be caused by either <i>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i> (<i>Bd</i>) or by recently described <i>B. salamandrivorans</i>. <i>B. salamandrivorans</i> is responsible for massive mortality of salamanders in Europe but, to date, has not been reported in the United States, in contrast to <i>Bd</i>. Common signs of <i>Bd</i> infection in salamanders are excessive skin shedding; cutaneous discoloration; mainly in ventral parts of the abdomen and thighs; and eventually death as a result of osmotic imbalance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eastern hellbenders <i>C. a. alleganiensis</i> in the Aquaculture Research Laboratory at Purdue University experienced 33% mortality. Three of the deceased animals were autopsied, and samples for histopathology, microbiology, and Taqman quantitative polymerase chain reaction were taken.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Autopsy revealed an abundant, thick, yellow to green mucoid material on the surface of the skin, mainly on the tail and flanks. Histopathology of the skin samples revealed infection with chytrid fungus consistent with chytridiomycosis. Taqman quantitative polymerase chain reaction confirmed presence of <i>Bd</i><i>,</i> and bacterial culture confirmed co-infection with <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i>. Infected hellbenders were treated with ciprofloxacin, itraconazole, and ceftazidime.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The chytridiomycosis outbreak was most likely caused by sudden environmental stress due to filtration failure and secondary bacterial infection. The surviving animals have not shown any clinical signs of chytridiomycosis for more than 1 year after the treatment and were released the wild river system.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15235,"journal":{"name":"Journal of aquatic animal health","volume":"36 4","pages":"303-309"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11685054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}