Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizer Combination of Eucalyptus Oil Extract against Aspergillus Niger Fungus","authors":"Lukky Jayadi, Sandry Kesuma, Muhammad Hasan Wattiheluw","doi":"10.4028/p-8igle9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-8igle9","url":null,"abstract":"The use of hand sanitizers as a protector for the general public has become a lifestyle today. Several types of hand sanitizer preparations can be found in various places. Alcohol is generally used as a microorganism-free material to clean the surface of the hands and clean the skin from various kinds of contamination including fungi. Alcohol in hand sanitizer preparations has various functions including killing fungi, neutralizing various types of microorganisms including fungi. Eucalyptus oil has antifungal properties and is an important component to inhibit the contamination of microorganisms that are harmful to the body such as fungi. This study aims to make an alcohol-based hand sanitizer preparation with a combination of eucalyptus oil extract that can clean the Aspergillus niger fungus. The results of this study, the measurement of pH is indicated by a value of 7 and for the specific gravity test the result is 0.8679 g/ml. The viscosity of the hand sanitizer of eucalyptus oil extract in this study had a value of 4.1 cP. Testing the cleaning power of hand sanitizer preparations with a contact time test of 60 seconds against Aspergillus niger. The results of testing the cleaning power of the Aspergillus niger fungus in hand sanitizer preparations with a contact time test of 60 seconds obtained the cleaning power of the Aspergillus niger fungus of 99.9%. hand sanitizer preparations with a combination of eucalyptus oil extract have very good effectiveness against the fungus Aspergillus niger and have good preparation quality in meeting the pH, specific gravity, and viscosity tests of hand sanitizer preparations.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":"42 16","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135819876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple Channels Model Based on Mel Spectrogram for Classifying Abnormalities in Lung Sound","authors":"Pham Thi Viet Huong, Le Duc Thinh, Phung Van Kien, Tran Anh Vu","doi":"10.4028/p-21pucq","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-21pucq","url":null,"abstract":"Lung sound analysis plays an important role in the assessment and diagnosis of respiratory conditions and diseases. It can provide valuable information about the functioning of the respiratory system, including the airways, lungs, and associated structures. By analyzing the characteristics of lung sounds, healthcare professionals can gain insights into the presence of abnormalities, such as airway obstructions, lung diseases, and respiratory infections. In this paper, a multiple channel model for processing and classifying abnormalities in lung sound is proposed, which utilize the characteristics of Mel spectrogram and the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). Unlike previous research which directly convert the lung sound into scalogram or spectrogram, the pre-processing of the original audio signal is considered and focused in this paper. This pre-processing step includes denoising, resampling, padding and augmentation, which incredibly increase the quality of the input signal. Finally, the multiple channel is put into the VGG16 deep learning model to classify the abnormalities in lung sound, including wheezes, crackles, and both. The model is trained and tested on the benchmark ICBHI dataset. The proposed model has shown better performance when compared with the state-of-the-art researches.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":"40 16","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135819456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrosprayed Chitosan Nanoparticles for Drug Carriers in Cancer Treatment - A Mini Review","authors":"Fatoni Udaneni, Muchfi Azizah, Dewanto Harjunowibowo, Mohammad Alauhdin, Peni Indrayudha, Yulianto Agung Rezeki","doi":"10.4028/p-3p3di4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-3p3di4","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles have emerged as promising tools for cancer treatment due to their ability to selectively deliver drugs to the tumor site while avoiding significant systemic side effects. Chitosan nanoparticles, among various types of nanoparticles, have gained significant attention due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and local drug delivery capacity. The electrospray technique is an efficient method for preparing chitosan nanoparticles, offering reproducibility, scalability, and high drug encapsulation efficiency. This technique has gained popularity due to its ease of use and flexibility in meeting various demands of nanoparticle production. Recent studies have investigated the potential of chitosan nanoparticles prepared by electrospray technique to encapsulate a range of drugs. The method leverages active surface absorption, binding, or complexation with drugs. For example, chitosan-based nanoparticles loaded with DOX and QUE achieved high encapsulation efficiency of 83% and effectively inhibited the growth of HCT-116 cancer cells. Similarly, SNP-CH-DOX-CM nanoparticles showed significant anti-cancer activity against HepG2 tumors. However, it should be noted that the toxicity of nanoparticles is directly related to the concentration of the active substance. Therefore, careful optimization of drug dosing is necessary to minimize any potential toxicity.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":"41 17","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135819725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetics of Essential Oil Extraction of Kaffir Lime Peel Using Microwave Assisted Hydrodistillation","authors":"Megawati Megawati, Bayu Triwibowo, Zuhriyan Ash Shiddieqy Bahlawan, Junaidah Jai, Pradipta Sadewa, Yuni Parastuti","doi":"10.4028/p-w3tmca","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-w3tmca","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to study the kinetics of kaffir lime peel essential oil extraction using microwave assisted hydrodistillation. Extraction was carried out at various powers and the ratios of material to solvent for 1 hour. Soxhlet extraction using n-hexane solvent was also carried out to determine the yield of essential oil. The extraction kinetics was investigated using a mass transfer-controlled approach and expressed by the 1st and 2nd order of reaction rate. The Soxhlet extraction results indicated that the yield of kaffir lime peel essential oil was 5.65% w/w. The higher the microwave power being applied (180, 300, 450, and 600 Watt), the higher the essential oil yielded (2.2; 2.8; 3; and 3.8% w/w), respectively, but at 800 Watt, the yield decreased (3.2% w/w). The smaller the ratio of material to solvent, which means more diluted, the lower the yield of oil were, namely from 4.56; 3.9; and 3.8% w/w, at ratios of material to solvent 1:3, 1:3.5, and 1:4 w/v. Different results were obtained at a ratio of 1:3 (4.56% w/w) which produced a yield greater than the ratio of 1:1.25 (2.88% w/w). Therefore, the optimum conditions for extracting kaffir lime peel essential oil were at 600 Watt and a ratio of material to solvent 1:3 w/w for 56 minutes with a yield of 4.58% and a density of 0.86 g/cm 3 . The kinetics of the 2nd order of homogeneous model better represented results of the experiments with extraction rate constants at 180, 300, 450, 600, and 800 Watt of 14.89; 14.95; 15.53; 21.32; and 19.85 L.g -1 .min -1 . While the extraction rate constants at the material to solvent ratio of 1:2.5; 1:3; 1:3.5; and 1:4 w/v of 17.38; 19.80; 22.09; and 32.31 L.g -1 .min -1 . The extraction capacity was also affected by the power and the ratio of material to solvent, the extraction capacity were 0.0095; 0.0100; 0.0104; 0.0125; and 0.0106 g.L -1 , at 180, 300, 450, 600, and 800 Watt respectively, and 0.0094; 0.0134; 0.0134; and 0.0118 g.L -1 , at material to solvent ratio of 1:2.5; 1:3; 1:3,5; and 1:4 w/v respectively.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":"41 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135819732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) for Bioremediation of Ammonia","authors":"Nuzulul Anggi Rizki, Mohammad Masykuri, Retno Rosariastuti","doi":"10.4028/p-2jima9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-2jima9","url":null,"abstract":"Ammonia is a poisonous compound that can harm fish. Fish feed and manure are the primary sources of ammonia in catfish farming ponds. High concentrations of ammonia can cause death. Therefore, it is necessary to control the presence of ammonia to minimize the potential for fish mortality. Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is a technology that can help with ammonia bioremediation. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) in reducing ammonia. The research method used is an experimental research method with qualitative descriptive analysis. The research was conducted on a laboratory scale using a dual-chamber Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) reactor connected using a salt bridge. This research was conducted with variations in the use of sticky media, including without media, with bioball, and with bioring media. The results showed that the percentage of ammonia reduction in each treatment was 94.52%, 98.09%, and 99.28%. From this research, it can be concluded that Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC) are effective in reducing ammonia.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":"39 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135273708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbonated Hydroxyapatite Extracted from Indonesian’s Eggshell Biogenic Wastes as Bioceramic Materials","authors":"Mona Sari, Anisha Ashilawati, Laila Khoir, Reny Wahyuningsih, Yusril Yusuf","doi":"10.4028/p-xp22cc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-xp22cc","url":null,"abstract":"Carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA), with a chemical composition close to the mineral found in human bone, represented higher solubility than stoichiometric hydroxyapatite (HA). Therefore, the B-type CHA is commonly used for bone tissue engineering. This study fabricated B-type CHA using Indonesian eggshells from chicken, organic chicken, and duck because of the high calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) content (94%). A co-precipitation method was used for synthesizing CHA. The physicochemical properties of the CHA were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Based on FTIR results for CHA, the stretching functional groups of B-type CO 3 were detected at 1452-1453 cm -1 , 1417-1418 cm -1, and 873-874 cm -1 , which indicated the formation of B-type CHA. Meanwhile, CHA from organic chicken eggshells had low crystalline properties and the best morphology due to a more homogeneous and uniform agglomeration. More specifically, CHA based on organic chicken eggshells has a Ca/P molar ratio following natural human bone, which is 1.71. Therefore, all B-type CHA samples are candidates in bioceramic materials for bone tissue engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":"25 3-4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135267873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthocyanins from Java Plum Fruits (<i>Syzygium cumini</i>) and Their Stability in Various pHs","authors":"Muhammad Hizbul Wathon, Endang Susilowati, Sri Retno Dwi Ariani","doi":"10.4028/p-2wmfyn","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-2wmfyn","url":null,"abstract":"Anthocyanins exhibit exciting colours in plants. Java plum fruit (Syzygium cumini) is considered a non-conventional and rarely consumed fruit with high levels of anthocyanins. This study was conducted to extract, purify, and characterise anthocyanins from dried Java plum fruits. The stability of anthocyanins was also studied. Anthocyanins in this study were extracted from dried Java plum fruits using acidified water (0.01% HCl, v/v) as a sustainable solvent. The crude extracts were loaded into a solid phase extraction (SPE) column packed with Amberlite-XAD-7HP with sequential elution. The ethanol solution was then analysed and characterised using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) to confirm the anthocyanins profiles present in the extracts; Anthocyanins extracted from Java plum fruits were identified as cyanidin-3-O-glucoside ([M+] m/z of 449.3), delphinidin-3-O-glucoside ([M+] m/z of 465.3), and petunidin-3-O-glucoside ([M+] m/z of 479.3). Total monomeric anthocyanin content (TMAC) was 0.13 mg/mL (cyanidin-3-O-glucoside eq.). Anthocyanins show various colours depending on the pH of the solution. Anthocyanins are stable at acidic pH and start degrading at neutral to alkaline pH. The suggested application of highly coloured anthocyanins extracted from dried Java plum is as natural colorants in foods, beverages, textiles, cosmetics etc.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":"C-19 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135273103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial Activity Edible Coating of Jackfruit Seed Starch and Alginate Incorporated with ZnO Nanoparticles Applied to Cherry Tomatoes","authors":"Lina Mahardiani, Nila Riyaz Saputri","doi":"10.4028/p-rqj5th","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-rqj5th","url":null,"abstract":"Cherry tomatoes have many health benefits and have high economic value. However, cherry tomatoes are perishable and short lived. To protect and maintain the quality of cherry tomatoes, you can apply an edible coating. The materials used in this study were jackfruit seed starch, alginate, and ZnO nanoparticles. This study aims to determine the effect of edible coating on jackfruit seed starch and alginate incorporating ZnO nanoparticles applied to cherry tomatoes in terms of antibacterial activity and shelf life. Variations in the treatment in this study were edible coating materials for jackfruit seed starch and alginate, and the concentration of ZnO nanoparticles (0%; 5%; 10%; 15%). Antibacterial activity was analyzed against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria. The results showed that the edible coating of jackfruit seed starch with 10% and 15% ZnO nanoparticles incorporation was able to form an inhibition zone against E. coli bacteria, while the 5%, 10%, and 15% ZnO nanoparticle variations were able to form an inhibition zone against S bacteria. aureus. In edible coating alginate with 15% ZnO nanoparticles incorporation was able to form an inhibition zone against E. coli bacteria, whereas in all variations of ZnO nanoparticles it was able to form an inhibition zone against S. aureus bacteria. The addition of ZnO nanoparticles proved the formation of a larger bacterial inhibition zone compared to edible coatings without ZnO nanoparticles. The results also showed that cherry tomatoes coated with an edible coating of jackfruit seed starch and alginate with a variation of ZnO nanoparticles had a longer shelf life compared to cherry tomatoes that were not coated with an edible coating.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135273117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of Aligned Alanine Functionalized Hydroxyapatite Nanorods Embedded in Electrospun Gelatin Scaffolds as a Coating Material for Titanium Bone Implant Application","authors":"Nitiporn Thongnasan, Chomdao Sinthuvanich, Khrongkhwan Akkarachaneeyakorn","doi":"10.4028/p-k7y4hz","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-k7y4hz","url":null,"abstract":"Aligned calcium phosphate nanorods embedded in gelatin nanofibers were fabricated to be applied as a coating material on the Ti bone implant using the conventional electrospinning method. Calcium phosphate nanorods with a strong positively charged surface were prepared by modifying with alanine (alanine/HA) to facilitate the arrangement of nanoparticles under the electric field in the electrospinning process, followed by mild hydrothermal treatment to preserve the structure of fibers. Scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, and transmission electron microscope measurements confirmed that the composite fibers were smooth without the presence of particles on the surface and alanine/HA was aligned within the fiber. The tensile strength of the prepared scaffolds was identical to that of the cancellous bone (2 to 12 MPa). According to MTT assay, the scaffold coated Ti showed a significant improvement on cell adhesion and biocompatibility compared to uncoated Ti.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":"50 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135267285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of the Biofilm Formation of Anaerobic Bacteria Involved in Secondary Caries by Dental Adhesive","authors":"Sroisiri Thaweboon, Takashi Saito, Boonyanit Thaweboon","doi":"10.4028/p-v03ead","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-v03ead","url":null,"abstract":"Secondary caries is a type of carious lesion found at the margins of or next to an existing restoration after the filling has been used for a period of time. It generally arises from the formation of defects or cracks in the filling material after restoration. This can create gaps between the material and the tooth tissue, which will allow bacteria in the biofilm to enter the interface. Dental adhesives are commonly used to provide retention for composite cement or filling materials. A good adhesive should be able to prevent leakage along the restoration margin as well as resist the mechanical load of chewing pressure. Recently, the inclusion of calcium in the adhesive monomer has been produced as Bio-Coat Ca, and its antimicrobial property against some oral bacteria has been studied. No information was found on anaerobes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of dental adhesive on the biofilm formation of anaerobic bacteria involved in secondary caries. An adhesive containing CMET (calcium salt of 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitic acid) and 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen calcium phosphate (MDCP) (Bio-Coat Ca, Sun Medical, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan) was applied to the flat-bottom surface of the saliva-coated 96-well plate. Then it was polymerized with LED light at 460 nm and sterile with UV light. Porphyromonas gingivali s ATCC 33277, Prevotella intermedia ATCC 25611, and Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25586 were prepared as a suspension of approximately 1 × 10 8 CFU/mL and added to the well. The plate was left for 120 min at 37°C in a shaking incubator (120 r/min) to allow bacterial adhesion. After removing non-adherent cells, Schaedler broth was added and further incubated for 48-72 h to grow the biofilm. The culture medium was changed every 24 h. A biofilm formed on a 96-well plate surface without the adhesive was set up as a control. The amount of vital biofilm was assessed by the WST Microbial Cell Counting Kit (Dojindo Molecular Technologies, USA). All tests were triplicated performed and repeated three times. As a statistical analysis, the Mann-Whitney U test was applied. The results showed that dental adhesive exhibited significant anti-biofilm formation of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum at a percent inhibition of 56% and 46%, respectively. On the other hand, no significant effect was found on P. intermedia . This was similar to our previous report on bacteria associated with primary caries, which revealed that the anti-biofilm effect of Bio-Coat Ca adhesive on Streptococcus mutans was 65% while no significant suppressive action was observed Lactobacillus casei and Actinomyces viscosus . The inhibitory effect of the adhesive was proposed to be the acidic characteristic of the monomers. This newly developed adhesive could be a promising material for the prevention of secondary caries. However, this study was done on the single-species biofilm formation in vitro and conducted in a short time. Long-term clinical stud","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":"69 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135267889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}