Journal of applied physiology最新文献

{"title":"Sagittal and frontal interplane balance control variability is minimized at preferred walking speed in healthy young adults.","authors":"Hsuan-Lun Lu, Cheng-Hao Yu, Tung-Wu Lu","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00258.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00258.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reduced preferred walking speed (PWS) is a known indicator of increased fall risk, particularly sideways falls in individuals with reduced physical capacity, often attributed to decreased mediolateral stability in the frontal plane. The underlying mechanisms and the impact of walking speed on interplane balance control coordination remain unclear. The current study aimed to develop a novel analytical framework for quantifying the sagittal and frontal interplane coordination of center of mass (COM)-center of pressure (COP) control and its variabilities during level walking via continuous relative phase (CRP) angles and to study the walking speed effects. Fifteen young adults walked at PWS, slower and faster, whereas the COM-COP inclination angles (IAs) and their rates of change (RCIA) were measured to calculate interplane CRP patterns. The deviation phases (DP) of CRP curves quantified the variability of interplane coordination. The interplane balance control coordination and variability were significantly influenced by walking speed, with minimum DP values occurring during double limb support at PWS. Walking at one's PWS represents the best compromise for minimizing control variability between the sagittal and frontal planes. This novel approach highlights the role of interplane balance control variability in determining PWS in young adults and emphasizes the importance of monitoring these variables for fall risk assessment.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> The current study described a novel approach based on continuous relative phase analysis to quantify the interplane coordination of balance control during gait in young adults. This approach highlights the role of interplane balance control variability in determining preferred walking speed in young adults and emphasizes the importance of monitoring these variables for fall risk assessment in diverse populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1106-1115"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148944942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"β-Adrenergic receptors do not impact exercise hyperemia during rhythmic handgrip exercise in males and females.","authors":"Connor J Doherty, Trevor James King, Benjamin P Thompson, Jou-Chung Chang, Leah M Mann, Armando Aguero, Kacper Wojcik, Ira Carson, Jason S Au, Glen E Foster, Paolo B Dominelli","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00497.2026","DOIUrl":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00497.2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sex differences in exercise hyperemia remain unclear, and the role of β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR) in this response is unknown. Accordingly, we examined the role of β-AR in modulating central and peripheral hemodynamic responses to rhythmic handgrip exercise in 10 females and 7 males under control conditions (CON) and during β-AR blockade with oral propranolol (PROP). Participants completed a low-intensity (10% maximal voluntary contraction) and incremental (40, 80, and 120 N) rhythmic handgrip exercise. Hemodynamic variables, including heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), brachial artery diameter (BA_D), forearm blood flow (Q̇_ARM), and vascular conductance (VC_ARM), were assessed at baseline and during steady-state exercise for each intensity. The overall hyperemia response was assessed as the slope of the relationship between Q̇_ARM and VC_ARM over exercise intensity. β-AR blockade was achieved with two 80 mg doses of oral HCl propranolol administered 7.5 and 1.5 h before the PROP visit. β-adrenergic blockade reduced HR and absolute Q̇_ARM in males and females (both, <i>P</i> < 0.05), but not MAP (<i>P</i> = 0.49). The overall exercise hyperemia slope response for Q̇_ARM and VC_ARM did not differ by sex or with β-AR blockade (both <i>P</i> > 0.05), even after adjusting to maximal handgrip strength (both, <i>P</i> > 0.05). The relative increase in BA_D from baseline was blunted in females (<i>P</i> = 0.03) but not males (<i>P</i> = 0.96) during PROP. In conclusion, the exercise hyperemia response is preserved in males and females with systemic β-adrenergic receptor blockade. However, young females appear to have a greater reliance on β-AR relative to males in mediating macrovascular tone during exercise.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> β-adrenergic blockade reduced heart rate without affecting blood pressure in either sex. Exercise hyperemia did not differ between sexes and was unchanged with β-adrenergic blockade, even after normalizing for interindividual variability in resting blood flow and participant strength. Brachial artery dilation relative to baseline was blunted in females with propranolol, suggesting a sex-specific β-adrenergic mechanism mediating vascular control, whereas overall hyperemia was not impacted.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1171-1183"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149030483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A controlled comparison of two different calfactant preparations in a surfactant-deficient lamb model.","authors":"George P Albert, Daniel Swartz, Corey Commaroto, James J Cummings","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00344.2026","DOIUrl":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00344.2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Calfactant is an animal-derived surfactant, FDA-approved for endotracheal tube administration. Complications during surfactant administration may be related to the volume being delivered. We conducted a controlled comparison of calfactant against a more concentrated, lower-volume calfactant. We compared the efficacy and complications of delivery of the two calfactant formulations to each other, and to no surfactant treatment, in the well-established preterm newborn lamb model of surfactant-deficient respiratory distress syndrome. After initial stabilization, a single dose of liquid calfactant or sham air instillation was given, and animals were maintained on mechanical ventilation for up to 6 h. Reflux of surfactant into the endotracheal airway occurred in 83% of calfactant-treated lambs versus 33% of more concentrated, lower-volume calfactant-treated lambs. Lambs treated with a more concentrated, lower-volume calfactant required less positive-pressure breaths to clear refluxed surfactant (4 ± 2 vs. 30 ± 8) and less time to deliver surfactant (70 ± 10 vs. 130 ± 29 s). Ventilation and oxygenation improved significantly in surfactant-treated lambs, but not in controls. Four of six control lambs met adverse endpoint criteria before 6 h, whereas all surfactant-treated lambs remained stable up to 6 h. We conclude that a more concentrated, lower-volume calfactant has similar efficacy to calfactant but can be delivered more quickly and with less risk of complications.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> In a preterm animal model of surfactant-deficient respiratory distress, we compared a concentrated, lower-volume calfactant to its commercial counterpart. The lower-volume calfactant could be administered in a single aliquot, was associated with less surfactant reflux, required less positive-pressure breaths to clear reflux, and had a shorter administration time. A more concentrated surfactant may offer a more favorable administration risk/benefit profile for surfactant replacement therapy, minimizing surfactant delivery-associated stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1184-1193"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149061445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved muscle gearing in the medial gastrocnemius of pregnant and lactating rats.","authors":"Adrien A Arias, M Lauren Delargy, Nicole Danos","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.01083.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/japplphysiol.01083.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pennate muscles typically contract with complex three-dimensional shape changes that vary in magnitude across muscle force levels, allowing improved muscle fiber force-velocity dynamics across a whole muscle's range of forces (i.e., variable gearing ability). Previous work on the underlying mechanisms that dictate variable gearing suggests that the mechanical properties of intramuscular and extracellular connective tissue can act to constrain muscle bulging and gearing ability. However, it remains unclear whether increased muscle compliance can confer improved gearing ability. Recent work in pregnant and lactating rats suggests adaptations in the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle that may influence variable gearing ability and overall function. Here, we used in situ muscle preparations in rats to characterize the range of architectural gear ratios (AGR = muscle velocity/fascicle velocity), force-length properties, and force-velocity properties of isolated gastrocnemii to test the hypothesis that gearing ability improves during pregnancy and lactation. We found that pregnant and lactating rats exhibit a significantly wider range of AGRs and a steeper linear relationship between AGR and muscle force, suggesting an improved ability to fine-tune fiber contractile dynamics to force level during dynamic muscle contractions. This improved gearing ability is underpinned by longer muscle fascicles in pregnant and lactating rats, which have broader implications on in vivo force-velocity dynamics during locomotion. We conclude that young female rats are a viable biological system that naturally varies in gearing ability across different reproductive stages without differences in relative muscle stiffness.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Musculoskeletal remodeling in the medial gastrocnemius of pregnant and lactating rats suggests adaptations that may influence variable gearing ability. Here, we show improved gearing dynamics in pregnant and lactating rats compared with nonpregnant controls due, in part, to longer muscle fascicles. These findings add fascicle length to the list of mechanisms proposed to influence variable gearing in pennate muscle and has broader implications on in vivo force-length dynamics during locomotion in pregnant and lactating animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1208-1217"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149074831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex difference in orthostatic tolerance during simulated partial-gravity head-up tilts and efficacy of a lower body compression garment countermeasure.","authors":"Jason R Lytle, Katrina J Carter, Sarah K Pickering, Cambria S O'Grady, Stefan Moestl, Jens Tank, André Diedrich, Millennia Young, Brandon R Macias, Steven S Laurie, Stuart M C Lee","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.01130.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1152/japplphysiol.01130.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>After adaptation to weightlessness, astronauts will experience head-to-foot accelerations (G) during descent to and ascent from the lunar surface that may provoke symptoms of orthostatic intolerance (OI). There were no reports consistent with OI among Apollo astronauts who experienced up to 10 minutes of 0.4-0.6-G while standing without OI countermeasures during dynamic flight phases, although heart rate (HR) was elevated. The likelihood of developing OI in future Artemis crews, which will include females, may be greater given observations of increased postflight OI in females and potentially greater acceleration requirements. We assessed orthostatic tolerance and cardiovascular responses in 34 healthy individuals (16 females) during 20 minutes of 30, 50, and 80° head-up tilt (HUT), simulating sustained accelerations (0.50, 0.75, and 1.00-G) after pharmacologically induced hypovolemia (∼10% plasma volume loss) as a short-duration spaceflight model. On a separate day using the same model, we evaluated the efficacy of a lower body orthostatic intolerance garment (OIG) to prevent OI. Tilt tolerance time without OIG was 4.6 minutes greater in males than females during 80° HUT (<i>P</i> = 0.003). Without OIG, hypovolemic females demonstrated lower mean arterial pressures before and during HUT at 80° compared to males (<i>P</i> = 0.038). OIG use increased tolerance by 4.2 (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and 1.6 min (<i>P</i> = 0.007) for 80 and 50° HUT, respectively, and attenuated the increase in HR and decrease in stroke volume, which was greater in females (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Hypovolemic females demonstrated an increased cardiovascular response to HUT contributing to differences in OI throughout 20-min exposures, and the OIG demonstrates protection in all participants.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> We report here that females were more likely to become presyncopal earlier than males during 20 min of 80° and 50° head-up tilt tests (HUT), representing 1.00-G and 0.75-G, respectively, but not during 30° HUT, representing 0.50-G. Additionally, wearing lower body compression garments protected against symptoms of orthostatic intolerance in both sexes. These results inform the spaceflight community for planning acceleration limits and countermeasure use during future exploration missions to the Moon and Mars.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1157-1170"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal changes in competitive performance in elite 46,XY DSD runners during prolonged testosterone suppression.","authors":"Stéphane Bermon","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.90031.2026","DOIUrl":"10.1152/japplphysiol.90031.2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To assess longitudinal changes in the official competitive performance in elite runners with androgen-sensitive 46,XY differences of sex development (DSD) during prolonged testosterone suppression. This retrospective longitudinal study analyzed nine elite 46,XY DSD runners with 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency who maintained serum testosterone below 2.5 nmol/L after gonadectomy, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment, or combined oral contraceptive use. Outdoor performances in sprint, middle-distance, and long-distance events were evaluated. Semester-best performances were compared with presuppression personal bests and expressed as percentage change and World Athletics World Ranking points. Before treatment, mean serum testosterone was 22.5 ± 6.5 nmol/L. Follow-up included 16 performance profiles and 44 semester-best observations over 0-1,258 days of suppression. Competitive performance declined after testosterone suppression, with mean decrements of 6.0, 7.1, 6.5, 7.2, 6.6, and 4.4% across successive semesters. Across the full observation period, the mean performance decrement was 6.5 ± 3.6%, and after 2 yr it remained approximately 6.0 ± 4.5%. No significant difference in percentage decrement was observed between sprint and middle-/long-distance groups, although substantial interindividual variability was present. Sustained testosterone suppression in elite androgen-sensitive 46,XY DSD runners was associated with a clear but heterogeneous reduction in competitive performance. In several athletes, the decrement remained smaller than the expected elite male-female performance gap, suggesting that previous male-range androgen exposure may confer advantages not uniformly abolished by current testosterone suppression.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> First publication describing on the effect of testosterone suppression of androgen-sensitive differences of sex development (DSD) elite athlete and their competitive performance. Performance reduction is significant but heterogenous in magnitude and smaller than the expected and known performance gap between male and female elite athletes. Some DSD athletes showed performance reduction below 3% after 1,000 days of effective testosterone suppression. Performance reduction does not seem to be different in sprinters when compared with distance runners.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1116-1121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148891705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limited reproducibility of endurance training adaptations: could measurement error play a major role?","authors":"Pekka Matomäki, Timi Malinen","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.90156.2026","DOIUrl":"10.1152/japplphysiol.90156.2026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1069-1072"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148891713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Home-based lower leg heat therapy in postmenopausal women with hypertension. I. Effects on blood pressure.","authors":"John D Akins, Rauchelle E Richey, Anna K Geib, Ryosuke Takeda, Bryon M Curtis, Monique A Roberts-Reeves, Amy M Moore, Yu-Lun Liu, Steven A Romero, Qi Fu","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.90170.2026","DOIUrl":"10.1152/japplphysiol.90170.2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite conventional drug treatment for hypertension, postmenopausal women in the United States maintain relatively poor blood pressure (BP) control rates. Alternatives, such as heat therapy, represent promising adjuvant treatments that may reduce BP. This study tested the hypothesis that 8 wk of home-based, lower leg heating would induce acute BP reductions that may contribute to sustained BP lowering in postmenopausal women with hypertension. Fifty-nine participants completed a randomized trial to receive either a thermoneutral sham (i.e., sham; 35°C; <i>n</i> = 30, 69 ± 5 yr) or heat therapy (42°C; <i>n</i> = 29, 69 ± 5 yr). Participants completed 8 wk of home-based, lower leg water immersion (≈4 sessions/wk; 45 min/session). Acute BP responses were assessed pre-to-postimmersion, whereas pre-to-postintervention BPs were assessed using 24-h ambulatory monitoring. The average acute reductions in BP and increases in heart rate pre-to-postimmersion were greater in heat therapy (sham, systolic: -2 ± 4 mmHg, diastolic: -2 ± 2 mmHg, heart rate: -3 ± 3 beats/min; heat therapy, systolic: -6 ± 6 mmHg, diastolic: -5 ± 3 mmHg, heart rate: 5 ± 4 beats/min; all <i>P</i> < 0.01). However, these acute responses did not translate into significant reductions in ambulatory BP, whereby ΔBP did not differ between groups (sham, systolic: 0 ± 8 mmHg, diastolic: 1 ± 5 mmHg; heat therapy, systolic: 2 ± 8 mmHg, diastolic: 1 ± 5 mmHg; all <i>P</i> ≥ 0.412). Our data demonstrate that 8 wk of home-based lower leg heat therapy reduces BP acutely, but was not associated with a chronic BP-lowering effect in postmenopausal women with hypertension. Therefore, these findings suggest that home-based, lower leg heat therapy is insufficient to elicit sustained BP reductions, despite consistent acute BP reductions, in postmenopausal women with either treated or untreated hypertension.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This study hypothesized that 8-wk of home-based lower leg heat therapy would reduce blood pressure from pre-to-postimmersion (i.e., acute) and pre-to-postintervention (i.e., chronic) in postmenopausal women with hypertension. Although this paradigm consistently reduced blood pressure acutely, there was no chronic blood pressure lowering effect. These findings highlight the need to better understand the appropriate frequency, temperature, duration, and modality of heat therapy and how certain conditions, like hypertension, modulate physiological adaptations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1147-1156"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149074792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partially countering the physiological effects of fentanyl with naloxone or d-cysteine ethyl ester in adult goats.","authors":"Reiauna Taylor, Suzanne E Neumueller, John DeSalvo, Grace Hilbert, Ilya R Bederman, Stephen J Lewis, Lawrence G Pan, Hubert V Forster, Matthew R Hodges","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00116.2026","DOIUrl":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00116.2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fentanyl is the leading contributor to opioid-involved overdose (OD) mortality in the United States. Despite the demonstrated efficacy, safety, and wide availability of naloxone (NAL), opioid-involved OD fatalities remain high. This suggests our understanding of the negative integrated physiological effects of fentanyl remains incomplete, and highlights the need to develop additional novel countermeasures. Here we tested whether the physiological and behavioral effects of intravenous fentanyl in adult female goats (<i>n</i> = 12) could be mitigated with NAL or the potential countermeasure d-cysteine ethyl ester (d-CYSee). As hypothesized, intravenous injections of high doses (HD) fentanyl caused immediate ventilatory suppression via reduced breathing frequency leading to hypoventilation and hypoxemia (≥10 min). HD fentanyl elicited immediate and sustained (≥90 min) increases in diaphragm, intercostal, abdominal, and laryngeal constrictor muscle activity along with an increased alveolar to arterial oxygen (A-a O₂) gradient and hypertension. Intravenous NAL administered immediately following HD fentanyl mitigated most of these effects except the increased activation of respiratory pump and airway muscles. In contrast, d-CYSee administration immediately following HD fentanyl countered the initial hypoventilation but did not mitigate the increases in muscle activation and persistent hypoxemia. Neither treatment prevented acute withdrawal-like behaviors emerging >90 min after fentanyl administration. The data suggest that there are physiological effects of HD fentanyl that are NAL-insensitive, and d-CYSee can transiently normalize blood gases and counter opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) in adult goats.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Here we determined whether any of the deleterious physiological effects of high-dose fentanyl could be countered by naloxone and/or d-cysteine ethyl ester (d-CYSee) in adult goats. Fentanyl induced hypoventilation and sustained increases in respiratory and airway muscle activity and hypoxemia. Naloxone reversed all fentanyl effects except tonic muscle activation, and d-CYSee reversed fentanyl-induced hypoventilation. These data suggest some effects of fentanyl are naloxone-insensitive and that d-CYSee may be a valuable countermeasure for OIRD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":"689-701"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13507957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148561949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standing on the shoulders of giants: what have we learned about altitude training since the pre-1968 Olympic era?","authors":"Raphaël Faiss, Olivier Girard","doi":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00429.2026","DOIUrl":"10.1152/japplphysiol.00429.2026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied physiology","volume":" ","pages":"927-932"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148813098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}